AP religions chart



Religion founder, time, place, Beliefs Social impact Spread of religion: How? Where?

Holy Books (diffusion: trade? Conquest? War?)

| |No single founder; India; |caste system; karma, dharma, |social stability (every- |Trade(SE Asia |

| |Widely practiced by 1500 BCE; |reincarnation; |one had a place); lack | |

|Hinduism |Vedas & Upanishads |Polytheistic; meditation; |of social mobility; | |

| | |ahimsa, satyagraha |gender inequity | |

| | |(truth force); sati ( | | |

| |Siddhartha Gautama; started |Four Noble Truths |Rejects desire for material |Monks (monasteries) ( |

| |in northern India circa 500 BCE; Sutras |(life is suffering, suffering |things; |SE Asia, China, Japan |

|Buddhism | |caused by desire, crush |men become monks( | |

| | |desire, follow Eightfold |pacifist beliefs, some- | |

| | |Path) |times contrary to | |

| | |Rejected caste system; |militarism; 20th century | |

| | |meditation; nirvana; |rejection of capitalism | |

| | |First monotheistic faith; |Diaspora in first century |Diaspora ( mainly to Europe, |

| |Abraham, 3rd century BCE (Israel (Egypt); |Ten Commandments |CE; anti-Semitism( |then to U.S.; |

|Judaism |Moses, circa 1200 BCE (back to Israel from | |discrimination; Holocaust (WWII); |Also, back to Israel post WWII |

| |Egypt); Torah | |Arab-Israeli | |

| |and Talmud | |crisis (1947-present) | |

| | | |Social stability during |Missionaries ( Europe; |

| |Jesus Christ (Israel, circa |2nd monotheistic faith; |Middle Ages; religious |Trade, conquest, and |

|Christianity |year 0); Bible (Old and New Testament) |Ten Commandments; |Conflicts (Crusades, |Missionaries ( Latin America |

|(Catholic, | |salvation |Reformation, etc.); |(PIP) (CAM) |

|Protestant, | | |Improperly used to jus- |Imperialism (conquest) ( |

|Greek Orthodox) | | |tify conquests (conquis-tadors |Asia, Africa |

| | | |(1500s); Imperial- | |

| | | |ism (1800s) | |

| | |Five Pillars of Faith |Equality for all believers; |Jihad( northern Africa (600s) |

| |Prophet Muhammad; Mecca, |1) Allah, Muhammad, |women’s rights increase |Persia (600s); |

|Islam |Arabian Peninsula (622 CE); |Koran (Quran) |at first, but diminish as |Trade and Missionaries( |

| |Quran (Koran) |2) pray 5x a day(Mecca |Islam spreads to Persia |SE Asia (1000-1450); |

| | |3) fast during Ramadan |(example of syncretism); |Conquest ( Sub-Saharan |

| | |4) Alms (charity) for poor |allows social mobility |Africa |

| | |5) haj(Mecca | | |

| | | |Social stability; gender |Trade (cultural diffusion) ( |

| |Confucius, China circa 550 CE, |Five Relationships |inequality; social |Japan during China’s Tang |

|Confucianism |Analects (look them up) |(superior to inferior); |mobility via civil ser- |Dynasty (600s) |

| | |Mandate of Heaven |vice exams; Mandate | |

| | | |of Heaven( continuity | |

| | | |of dynasties (1700s | |

| | | |BCE to 1900s CE) | |

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