From: Mastering Global History Book



NAME: ____________________________ PERIOD: ___ DATE: ____________

MRS. BRANFORD GLOBAL HISTORY 10

~ CHINA UNDER MAO 1949-1977 ~

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|[pic] |1. What other leaders |

| |used similar tactics in |

| |the nations they led? |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|[pic] |[pic] |

| |Mao’s Little Red Book |

|[pic] | |

| |MAO’S GREAT LEAP FORWARD (1958-1961) |

| | |

| |Mao Zedong took further steps to implement Communism. In 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap Forward, a five-year|

| |plan designed to increase China’s industrial productivity and tun it into an industrial power. China’s vast |

| |population was put to work building dams, bridges, roads, and factories. |

| |2. What is another leader and plan that this is similar to? |

Directions: Watch this video clip about the Great Leap Forward and answer the questions below.

3. What were the goals of the Great Leap Forward?

4. What was a “commune”?

5. What was the result of the attempt to have peasants make steel on their communes during the Great

Leap Forward?

6. Did the Great Leap Forward’s policies lead to more food production in China? Why or why not?

7. What were the effects of the Great Leap Forward in China?

Document 1 (June ’07 #8)

In an attempt to break with the Russian model of Communism and to catch up with more advanced nations, Mao proposed that China should make a “great leap forward” into modernization. He began a militant Five Year Plan to promote technology and agricultural self-sufficiency. Overnight, fertile rice fields were ploughed over, and factory construction work began. Labour-intensive methods were introduced and farming collectivized on a massive scale. The campaign created about 23,500 communes, each controlling its own means of production. But former farmers had no idea how to actually use the new factories and what was once fertile crop land went to waste on a disastrous scale. The Great Leap Forward was held responsible for famine in 1960 and 1961. Twenty million people starved, and Mao Zedong withdrew temporarily from public view.

Source: BBC News, Special Reports, China’s Communist Revolution

8. Based on this BBC News article, what is one effect the Great Leap Forward had on China’s economy?

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|[pic] |MAO’S CULTURAL REVOLUTION (1966-1976) |

| | |

| |By 1962, Mao was concerned about the loss of enthusiasm among the people for Communism after his |

| |failed Great Leap Forward. Mao blamed the Chinese elite for this loss of enthusiasm. Then in |

| |1966, Mao wanted to reassert his leadership, purge the CCP of those who opposed him, and empower |

| |young people to rebel against their elders to revive Mao’s revolution, so he announced a Cultural|

| |Revolution. Mao closed China’s schools and invited students to gather in Beijing as Red Guards. |

| |The Red Guards travelled throughout China attacking writers, scientists, doctors, and professors |

| |for abandoning Communist ideals. Scholars and professionals were sent to work as laborers in the|

| |fields. |

| | |

| |After ten years, China became so disrupted by the violence and destruction that Mao called out |

| |the army to control the Red Guards. In 1969, Mao sent the Red Guards home, and brought the |

| |Cultural Revolution to a close. |

Directions: Watch this NTDTV video on the Cultural Revolution and answer the questions below.

9. What were the goals of the Cultural Revolution?

10. What methods did Mao use to change Chinese culture during the Cultural Revolution?

11. How did Mao try to change education in China during the Cultural Revolution?

12. Who were the Red Guards?

13. WHO was targeted and denounced by the Red Guards? WHY were these people denounced?

(Denounce – to make a formal accusation against)

14. What methods did the Red Guards use to denounce “counter-revolutionaries”?

15. What were the effects of the Cultural Revolution?

Document 2 (Jan. ’08 #7)

This is an account of Nien Cheng’s experiences during the Cultural Revolution. This excerpt describes what was happening the day she was sent to the Detention House.

. . . The streets of Shanghai, normally deserted at nine o’clock in the evening, were a sea of humanity. Under the clear autumn sky in the cool breeze of September, people were out in thousands to watch the intensified activities of the Red Guards. On temporary platforms erected everywhere, the young Revolutionaries were calling upon the people in shrill and fiery rhetoric to join in the Revolution, and conducting small-scale struggle meetings against men and women they seized at random on the street and accused of failing to carry Mao’s Little Red Book of quotations or simply wearing the sort of clothes the Red Guards disapproved of. Outside private houses and apartment buildings, smoke rose over the garden walls, permeating the air as the Red Guards continued to burn books indiscriminately. . . .

Source: Nien Cheng, Life and Death in Shanghai, Penguin Books

16. According to Nien Cheng, what were two actions taken by the Red Guards in an attempt to control

the thoughts of the people during Mao’s rule in China?

(1) __________________________________________________________________________

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(2) __________________________________________________________________________

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Document 3 (Jan. ’08 #9)

. . . Between 1966 and 1976, a whole generation of teenagers failed to receive a real education; other Chinese came to call them “the lost generation.” At least twenty thousand people lost their lives because of the Cultural Revolution.

. . . Because of the Cultural Revolution, many Chinese young people grew up with no knowledge of traditional Chinese customs and beliefs. Needing to fill that gap, some of them began looking to the West — especially to the Western ideals of democracy, freedom, capitalism, and individualism. . . .

Source: Great Events: The Twentieth Century 1960–1968, Salem Press

17. Based on this excerpt from Great Events, state one impact the Cultural Revolution had on Chinese

society.

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|[pic]Regents Multiple Choice Check for Understanding |

|18. In China the terms "Long March," "Little Red |19. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel |

|Book," and "Great Leap Forward" are most closely |Castro is that they |

|associated with the |achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistance |

|(1) economic policies of the Kuomintang |worked to protect citizens’ rights to freedom of expression |

|(2) expulsion of foreigners during the Boxer |considered capitalism to be the best economic system |

|Rebellion |led revolutionary movements that established |

|(3) foreign policy under Deng Xiaoping |Communist governments |

|(4) leadership of Mao Zedong | |

|20. Which development took place in China under Mao |21. During the Great Leap Forward, Chinese peasants |

|Zedong? |were forced to |

|(1) the family became the dominant force in society |(1) join communes |

|(2) the Four Modernizations became the basis for reform |(2) move to the cities |

|(3) the people adopted the practice of ancestor worship |(3) convert to Christianity |

|(4) communist teachings became required learning in all |(4) attack the Red Guards |

|schools and universities | |

|22. One similarity between Stalin’s five-year plans and Mao |23. What was an immediate result of the Great Leap |

|Zedong’s Great Leap Forward was that both programs |Forward (1958)? |

|attempted to |(1) independence of Kenya from Great Britain |

|(1) increase industrial production |(2) the breakup of the Soviet Union |

|(2) privatize the ownership of land |(3) the relocation of Bosnian refugees |

|(3) correct environmental pollution |(4) increased famine in China |

|(4) strengthen international trade | |

|Base your answers to the questions on the passage below and on your knowledge of |Base your answers to the questions on the song lyrics below and on your |

|social studies. |knowledge of social studies. |

| |East is Red |

|“When I was young, the Chairman promised us all food. He promised that we would |The east is red, the sun is rising, |

|never go hungry again or be without work; My family was led to a village where we |China has brought forth a Mao Zedong, |

|became members of a production team. We worked hard, long hours but we were fed |He amasses fortune for the people, |

|every day. The commune prospered at first, but soon people did not meet their quotas|Hurrah, he is the people’s great savior. |

|and we did not increase our production. We all received the same amount of rice; it | |

|didn’t matter how much work we did. |Chairman Mao loves the people, |

|– Conversations with a Farmworker |He is our guide, |

| |To build a new China, |

|24. According to the paragraph, which is most likely the |Hurrah, he leads us forward! |

|reason agricultural production quotas were not met? | |

|(1) workers felt threatened by the government |The Communist Party is like the sun, |

|(2) workers had little to gain by working hard |Wherever it shines, it is bright, |

|(3) workers were hungry and could not work |Wherever there is a Communist Party, |

|(4) workers were young and inexperienced |Hurrah, there the people are liberated! |

| | |

|25. The Chairman mentioned in the paragraph was most | |

|likely |28. This 1960s Chinese song would most likely have been sung during the |

|(1) Fidel Castro (3) Adolf Hitler |(1) return of Hong Kong |

|(2) Mohandas Gandhi (4) Mao Zedong |(2) Cultural Revolution |

| |(3) Boxer Rebellion |

|26. The policy associated with the description in the passage |(4) Tiananmen Square incident |

|is the | |

|(1) Long March (3) Open Door |29. What is the main idea of this 1960s Chinese song? |

|(2) Great Leap Forward (4) Family Planning |(1) The Sun will never set on Chinese communism. |

| |(2) Communist policies will liberate Mao Zedong. |

|27. Based on your knowledge of Chinese history, what was |(3) The Chinese people will become wealthy under |

|the result of the policy described in the passage |communism. |

|(1) famine (3) revolution |Mao Zedong will lead the Communist Party in |

|(2) economic (4) overpopulation |building a new China. |

|30. The Cultural Revolution in China was Mao Zedong’s |31. Which pair of leaders used political purges, including the killing of |

|attempt to |opposition groups, as a means of maintaining control of the government? |

|(1) increase the industrial output of China |(1) Sun Yixian and Emperor Hirohito |

|(2) renew the ideas and enthusiasm of the Communist |(2) Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong |

|revolution |(3) Simon Bolivar and Toussaint L’Ouverture |

|(3) promote artistic exchanges with the United States |(4) Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela |

|(4) encourage foreign investment in China | |

|32. One way in which the Hitler Youth of Germany and the |33. One similarity between the Reign of Terror during the |

|Red Guard of China are similar is that both organizations |French Revolution and the Cultural Revolution in |

|(1) required unquestioning loyalty to the leader |China was that both |

|(2) helped increase religious tolerance |(1) limited the power of absolute leaders |

|(3) hindered imperialistic goals |(2) illustrated the power of public opinion in |

|(4) led pro-democracy movements |forming national policy |

| |(3) established social stability and economic |

| |growth |

| |(4) used violent methods to eliminate their opponents |

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