Unit One: Absolutism and the Rise of Democracy – Russia ...



Theory of Absolutism (594)Wanted to…be absolute monarchs, kings or queens who held all of the power within state boundariesGoal was to…control every aspect of societyBelieved in the…divine right theory, the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on EarthAnswered only to…God, not to his or her subjectsCausesReligious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty (middle class supported strong rulers, good for trade)Growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts Absolutism EffectsRulers regulated religious worship and social gatherings to control the spread of ideas Rulers increased the size of their courts to appear more powerfulRulers created bureaucracies to control countries’ economies Phillip II of Spain (1556- 1598) became first absolute ruler and this also made himself defend the Catholic Church, enforce religious unity, and support the Inquisition as it turned against “heretics” ` Absolutism ComparisonTokugawa Ieyasu (1600)Peter the Great Louis XIV—Sun KingMethod of taking power (543) Unified Japan, gained loyalty of daimyo (warrior chieftains/warlords—feudal system) in JapanMoved capital Method of taking power (598)Disorder after death of Cardinal—takes affairs in his hands (child king)Weakens nobles by excluding them from his councilsIncreases power of government agents called intendents, who collect taxes and administer justiceMethod of taking power (609)Romanovs pass law code and put down revolt to gain control of Russia—Peter gains throne from half-brother Westernized Russia after a visit to Europe—became most autocratic of the European monarchs (that way until the end of Romonovs)Method of maintaining power (543)Kept power by requiring daimyo to spend every other year in capital and leave family behind as hostagesCould not marry without permissionStrict moral code, fixed social order, follow bushido traditions (honor, bravery, loyalty) (samurai—lesser lords, like vassal)Reforms (610)Reforms:Introduced potatoes, began first newspaper, raised status of women, ordered nobles to wear European clothing and shave beards, improved education, strengthens military, centralizes power, brought Church under his control, forced boyars (nobles) to serve in military or governmentMethod of maintaining power (599) l’état, c’est moi—I am the stateFrench King—kept nobles at palace to increase royal authority, nobles dependent on him, ceremonies to emphasize his importance,Did not call Estates General—no checking of royal powerIncrease production, secure favorable balance of trade, gain payments into treasury Legacy Family in power until 1867Economy boomed, agriculture improved and expanded—new tools, seeds, fertilizer-pop. growth—trade flourished)Japan had 250 years of stability, prosperity, and isolation—Japanese culture flourished.Legacy (611)Built St. Petersburg as a window to the west—westernize and reformed RussiaLegacy (602)France became a great power—culturally and militarily best in Europe BUT huge debtVersailles Built Versailles, huge palace—like a small city—symbol of Sun King’s powerTheory of Absolutism (594)Wanted to…Goal was to…Believed in the… Answered only to…Causes AbsolutismEffects Absolutism ComparisonTokugawa IeyasuPeter the GreatLouis VIVMethod of taking power (511)Method of taking power (531)Method of taking power (543)Method of maintaining power (512)Reforms (531)Method of maintaining power (543)Legacy (514)Versailles (512)Legacy (533)St. Petersburg (533)Legacy (544) ................
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