Introduction



Web Quest

Cellular Processes: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Name: ________________________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _________

Directions: Click on the link below (or copy and paste into your internet browser). Read and complete the sections that follow using information from the site.



Introduction

Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "__________" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ______. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but ________________ is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved.

Concept 1: Overview of Respiration

We can divide cellular respiration into three metabolic processes: ______________, the ______________________, and _________________________ (aka the electron transport chain). Each of these occurs in a specific region of the cell.

1. ______________________occurs in the ________________ (aka the Cytoplasm).

2. The _______________________ takes place in the matrix of the _______________.

3. _______________________________________ via the electron transport chain is carried out on the inner _________________________________________.

In the absence of oxygen, respiration consists of two metabolic pathways: glycolysis and _______________________________. Both of these occur in the cytosol.

Concept 2: Glycolysis

In Glycolysis, the 6-carbon sugar, _______________, is broken down into two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called __________________. This change is accompanied by a net gain of ___________ molecules and _____________ molecules.

Concept 3: Krebs Cycle

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of ______________________ (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) from the oxidation of _________________, the end product of glycolysis.

____________________ is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA, a 2-carbon molecule. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of ________, FADH2, and _________.

Concept 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation via the Electron Transport Chain

The ___________________________ allows the release of the large amount of __________ energy stored in reduced NAD+ (NADH) and reduced FAD (FADH2). The energy released is captured in the form of __________ (3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2).

NADH + H+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + 1/2 O2 → NAD+ + H2O + 3 ATP

FADH2 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 1/2 O2 → FAD+ + H2O + 2 ATP

The electron transport chain (ETC) consists of a series of molecules, mostly __________, embedded in the inner _________________ membrane.

Concept 5: Fermentation

All cells are able to _______________ ATP via the process of ______________. In many cells, if ______________ is not present, pyruvate is metabolized in a process called ______________________.

Fermentation _______________________ glycolysis and makes it possible for ______ to be continually produced in the absence of ________________. By oxidizing the NADH produced in glycolysis, fermentation regenerates NAD+, which can take part in glycolysis once again to produce more ATP.

Concept 6: Glucose and Energy

The chemical energy stored in _______________ generates far more ATP in _______________ respiration than in respiration without ______________ (glycolysis and fermentation).

Each molecule of glucose can generate ____- ____ molecules of ATP in aerobic respiration but only ____ ATP molecules in respiration without oxygen (through glycolysis and fermentation).

Concept Map: Putting it All Together…

Self Quiz: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

1. In aerobic respiration carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into:

a. Acetyl-CoA

b. Carbon dioxide

c. Oxygen

d. Heat

2. Most ATP in eukaryotic cells is produced in the:

a. Nucleus

b. Cytoplasm

c. Mitochondria

d. Chloroplast

3. In aerobic respiration, the energy in 1 mole of glucose is capable of producing how many ATP molecules:

a. 2 molecules of ATP

b. 38 molecules of ATP

c. 2 x (6.02 x 1023) molecules of ATP

d. 38 x (6.02 x 1023) molecules of ATP

4. Products of the Krebs cycle include:

a. NADH

b. FADH2

c. all of the above

d. none of the above

5. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

|a. |glycolysis ( fermentation ( Krebs cycle |

|b. |Krebs cycle (electron transport ( glycolysis |

|c. |glycolysis ( Krebs cycle ( electron transport |

|d. |Krebs cycle ( glycolysis ( electron transport |

6.  Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down

|a. |food molecules (glucose) |

|b. |ATP |

|c. |carbon dioxide |

|d. |water |

7.   Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

|a. |glycolysis |

|b. |electron transport |

|c. |Krebs cycle |

|d. |Light Reactions |

8.  Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

|a. |Cytosol |

|b. |Ethanol |

|c. |Lactic acid |

|d. |Oxygen |

9. Lactic acid fermentation is best described as

|a. |Aerobic respiration |

|b. |Anaerobic respiration |

|c. |Both “A” and “B” |

|d. |Neither “A” or “B” |

10. One cause of muscle fatigue is due to

|a. |alcoholic fermentation |

|b. |glycolysis |

|c. |lactic acid fermentation |

|d. |the Krebs cycle |

11. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by

|a. |lactic acid fermentation |

|b. |alcoholic fermentation |

|c. |Photosynthesis |

|d. |the Krebs cycle |

12. Aerobic processes require

|a. |Light |

|b. |Exercise |

|c. |Oxygen |

|d. |glucose |

6.  

13. Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration?

|a. |tree |

|b. |mushroom |

|c. |anaerobic bacterium |

|d. |Tiger |

14. In eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle occurs in the

|a. |mitochondria. |

|b. |chloroplasts. |

|c. |cell membrane. |

|d. |cytoplasm. |

15. Which of the following is produced when pyruvic acid and oxygen combine?

|a. |NADH and FADH2 |

|b. |ATP and ADP |

|c. |citric acid |

|d. |acetyl CoA |

16. The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make

|a. |lactic acid. |

|b. |Carbon dioxide. |

|c. |alcohol. |

|d. |ATP. |

17. When skeletal muscle cells are deprived of oxygen, they generate ATP by carrying out

|a. |lactic acid fermentation. |

|b. |alcoholic fermentation. |

|c. |cellular respiration. |

|d. |glycolysis. |

18. All of the following are processes that produce energy EXCEPT

|a. |photosynthesis. |

|b. |alcoholic fermentation. |

|c. |lactic acid fermentation. |

|d. |cellular respiration. |

19. Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to

|a. |chloroplasts. |

|b. |cytoplasm. |

|c. |mitochondria. |

|d. |nuclei. |

| | |

| | |

20. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into

|a. |oxygen. |

|b. |carbohydrates. |

|c. |ATP and oxygen. |

|d. |oxygen and carbohydrates. |

21. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?

|a. |in the stroma |

|b. |in the thylakoid discs |

|c. |in the ATP |

|d. |in the glucose |

22. Which of the following is a description of the dark reactions of photosynthesis?

|a. |High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain. |

|b. |Pigments in the thylakoid discs absorb light. |

|c. |ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane. |

|d. |ATP and NADPH are used to produce carbohydrates. |

23. The Calvin cycle is another name for

|a. |dark reactions. |

|b. |light-dependent reactions. |

|c. |photosynthesis. |

|d. |all of the above |

24. If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars (carbohydrates)?

|a. |More sugars will be produced. |

|b. |Fewer sugars will be produced. |

|c. |The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide. |

|d. |Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants. |

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