What are the similarities between communism and socialism

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What are the similarities between communism and socialism

Picture Courtesy: Free-Photos/Pixabay In both the animal kingdom and human society, social hierarchy exists. You can think of social hierarchy as a type of ladder that categorizes people. Hierarchy is often based on factors like race, gender, and socioeconomic status.How Do Social Hierarchies Work? Generally, social hierarchies group people based on factors like wealth, race, education level, jobs, and overall social standing. For instance, people in the United States are often divided into groups based on wealth, including capitalistic, upper middle, working, and working poor classes. Social Hierarchy Based on Wealth One of the most common types of social hierarchy is based on income and wealth. When you look at social hierarchy as it is divided by wealth classes, you can see that the capitalistic class is made up of people who work in leadership, politics, investing, and real estate. This class also includes executives and large business owners. The upper middle class includes professionals in business and managers. Accountants, lawyers, and doctors are often in this class. Middle class workers include those in lower management, teachers, and other professionals, like plumbers and electricians. The working class consists of people who work in unskilled positions. For members of this group, the only income tends to come from regular wages. They may not have investments and savings. These people include servers, childcare professionals, administrative assistants, and factory workers. The final rung on the ladder consists of the working poor. These are people who work in low-paying positions and do not have job security like those in other economic classes. These employees include custodians and fast-food workers. Some of these people may rely on government assistance to make ends meet. Social Hierarchy in Humans Human societies all around the world form social hierarchy. Hierarchy allows the community to understand who its leaders are, and then it creates a pecking order for all others. One of the biggest examples of social hierarchy is the caste system associated with India. India had five castes, which were social classes. The top caste included teachers and religious leaders. Next were the rulers and warriors as they were tasked with protecting society and establishing laws. Next came merchants, traders, and farmers, who were followed by laborers. Laborers, while part of a lower caste, were those who performed some of the most important work in the country. Last were the outcasts, who were tasked with cleaning streets and toilets. Social Hierarchy in Animals Animals also present social hierarchies. Unlike with people, social hierarchy in the animal kingdom is often based on physical strength and size. Wolves provide a great example of social hierarchy in the animal kingdom. An alpha pair leads the pack of wolves. They are selected for their size and strength compared to the other animals, and they are essentially the head of the family. The beta wolves are second in command. They may get to this position through combat with other wolves. Other wolves in the pack are lower in rank. They may have tried to beat the beta wolves in a fight but failed. MORE FROM Capitalism began by no accident, it was the eventual result of natural trade relationships between different cultures, but it has one major flaw according to socialists and communists. The plague of capitalism is its tendency to create inequality between classes of workers and employers. Socialism and communism are both proposed solutions to the issues of wage and property inequality. These ideologies address the relationship between workers, employers, and the state in a new light. Socialism and communism are extremely similar but have a few fundamental differences. Socialists are concerned with the division of labor--dividing up tasks so they are done more efficiently--would turn workers into mindless machines (Tignor, 610). Like socialists, communists also believe in the people's control of the means of production, but socialists believe that...show more content...It may be argued that they are more well off than the lower classes, but this is likely because in their capitalist society they produced some sort of property of great value. Furthermore, communism hardly motivates workers to strive to be better when most property is equal or with socialism, distributed equally. Regardless, communism and in some places socialism both became widespread. This is likely because the shared wealth and responsibility ideas spoke to those of lower classes who were tired of aristocratic control, "ordinary workers, artisans, domestic servants, and women employed in manufacturing [jobs]" began uprisings in protest of capitalism, tired of their exploitations by their employers (Tignor, 610). Ultimately, communism and socialism are geared towards providing a better experience for everyone but part of life is making your own success and dealing with your own failures. In these types of idealisms, the society comes before the individual creating one hive-minded nation, rather than a nation of Both socialism and communism are essentially economic philosophies advocating public rather than private ownership, especially of the means of production, distribution and exchange of goods (i.e., making money) in a society. Both aim to fix the problems they see as created by a free-market capitalist system, including the exploitation of workers and a widening gulf between rich and poor. But while socialism and communism share some basic similarities, there are also important differences between them. Karl Marx and the Origins of CommunismSocialism emerged in response to the extreme economic and social changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, and particularly the struggles of workers. Many workers grew increasingly poor even as factory owners and other industrialists accrued massive wealth. In the first half of the 19th century, early socialist thinkers like Henri de Saint-Simon, Robert Owen and Charles Fourier presented their own models for reorganizing society along the lines of cooperation and community, rather than the competition inherent in capitalism, where the free market controlled the supply and demand of goods. Then came Karl Marx, the German political philosopher and economist who would become one of the most influential socialist thinkers in history. With his collaborator Friedrich Engels, Marx published The Communist Manifesto in 1848, which included a chapter criticizing those earlier socialist models as utterly unrealistic "utopian" dreams. Marx argued that all history was a history of class struggles, and that the working class (or proletariat) would inevitably triumph over the capital class (bourgeoisie) and win control over the means of production, forever erasing all classes. Communism, sometimes referred to as revolutionary socialism, also originated as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, and came to be defined by Marx's theories--taken to their extreme end. In fact, Marxists often refer to socialism as the first, necessary phase on the way from capitalism to communism. Marx and Engels themselves didn't consistently or clearly differentiate communism from socialism, which helped ensure lasting confusion between the two terms. Key Differences Between Communism and SocialismCommunist propaganda from China entitled 'Be Ready to Defend or Fight,' circa 1950s.Buyenlarge/Getty ImagesUnder communism, there is no such thing as private property. All property is communally owned, and each person receives a portion based on what they need. A strong central government--the state--controls all aspects of economic production, and provides citizens with their basic necessities, including food, housing, medical care and education. By contrast, under socialism, individuals can still own property. But industrial production, or the chief means of generating wealth, is communally owned and managed by a democratically elected government. Another key difference in socialism versus communism is the means of achieving them. In communism, a violent revolution in which the workers rise up against the middle and upper classes is seen as an inevitable part of achieving a pure communist state. Socialism is a less rigid, more flexible ideology. Its adherents seek change and reform, but often insist on making these changes through democratic processes within the existing social and political structure, not overthrowing that structure. In his 1875 writing, Critique of the Gotha Program, Marx summarized the communist philosophy in this way: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." By contrast, socialism is based on the idea that people will be compensated based on their level of individual contribution to the economy.Unlike in communism, a socialist economic system rewards individual effort and innovation. Social democracy, the most common form of modern socialism, focuses on achieving social reforms and redistribution of wealth through democratic processes, and can co-exist alongside a free-market capitalist economy.Socialism and Communism in PracticeLed by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks put Marxist theory into practice with the Russian Revolution of 1917, which led to the creation of the world's first communist government. Communism existed in the Soviet Union until its fall in 1991. Today, communism and socialism exist in China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos and Vietnam--although in reality, a purely communist state has never existed. Such countries can be classified as communist because in all of them, the central government controls all aspects of the economic and political system. But none of them have achieved the elimination of personal property, money or class systems that the communist ideology requires. Likewise, no country in history has achieved a state of pure socialism. Even countries that are considered by some people to be socialist states, like Norway, Sweden and Denmark, have successful capitalist sectors and follow policies that are largely aligned with social democracy. Many European and Latin American countries have adopted socialist programs (such as free college tuition, universal health care and subsidized child care) and even elected socialist leaders, with varying levels of success. In the United States, socialism has not historically enjoyed as much success as a political movement. Its peak came in 1912, when Socialist Party presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs won 6 percent of the vote. But at the same time, U.S. programs once considered socialist, such as Medicare and Social Security, have been integrated into American life. What Is Democratic Socialism? Democratic socialism, a growing U.S. political movement in recent years, lands somewhere in between social democracy and communism. Like communists, democratic socialists believe workers should control the bulk of the means of production, and not be subjected to the will of the free market and the capitalist classes. But they believe their vision of socialism must be achieved through democratic processes, rather than revolution.

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