Sentence Types (Simple, Compound, Complex)



Sentence Types (Simple, Compound, Complex)

Notes: Simple Sentences

• A simple sentence has _____ independent clause(s).

• The part that names what the sentence is about is called the ________.

What parts of speech are subjects?

• The part that tells the action or state of being is called the __________.

Examples of action verbs are: Examples of linking verbs are:

Follow the MARK steps to SUCCESS!

M- Mark out ________________________

(infinitives & prepositional phrases)

to + verb preposition + noun

A- Ask yourself if there’s a ______________.

R- Root out the __________________.

“Who or what _________?”

K- Key in on the __________________( )

__________________( )

__________________( )

Exercise 1 (Simple)

Use the MARK steps in the following sentences. Mark out imposters, put a V over the verb(s) and S over the subject(s).

1. Fires endanger the lives of many city families.

2. We went to the theater as often as possible.

3. One of the girls stubbed her toe on the step.

4. Paper airplanes and rubber bands rarely fly for long.

5. Tracy made beautiful pottery for herself and her friends.

6. Albert gave Marcia a tool kit and took her to Home Depot.

7. Drama critics are often frustrated and bored.

8. Working hard gives Gary and Tallulah terrible headaches.

9. Beethoven is the greatest composer of all time.

10. Food and gas prices are high everywhere.

Exercise 2 (Simple)

Use the MARK steps in the following sentences. Mark out imposters (prepositional phrases and infinitives) Put a V over the verb(s) and S over the subject(s). Write the formula on the line.

___ 1. TJ and Brandon dived into the water.

____ 2. Amanda dived and jumped into the water.

____ 3. Sam and Molly took their places and waited for the signal to begin.

____ 4. Twinkle, twinkle little star!

____ 5. Betsy, Elizabeth, Betty, and Bess all went together to find a bird’s nest.

____ 6. Bravery and courage are shown by heroes and often are found in a moment of crisis.

____ 7. Chicago is located on Lake Michigan and has one of the busiest airports.

____ 8. Stephanie and Travis talked and laughed at the talent show.

____ 9. The dogs barked and yelped all night.

____ 10. Several of the students and their teacher ate lunch at McDonald’s.

____ 11. The witches and their black cats surrounded the kettles and looked at the sky.

____ 12, Biff prefers skateboards to get to the Dollar General.

____ 13. I will never call Miss Cleo’s Psychic Hotline again!

____ 14. On a dare, Stewie wore his underwear and a cape to Meijers.

____ 15. He was caught running around the food aisles.

____ 16. Running on the slippery floor is considered a hazard.

____ 17. Rambo and Chuck N. like to sit and growl at each other.

____ 18. My picky parakeet doesn’t like to poop on the newspaper.

____ 19. Tina tries to gain weight but only eats salad for lunch.

____ 20. George and Martha invited Jim and Dolly to come for ice cream.

____ 21. My son Teige found a treasure in his nose.

____ 22. He tried to feed it to his brother, Finn.

____ 23. Sit in the corner for five minutes.

Note: Compound Sentences

• A simple sentence has __________ independent clauses.

• A compound sentence has ___________ or more independent clauses.

• The part that names the person, place, thing, quality, or idea that the sentence is about is called the: ____________________________.

• The part that shows the action or state of being is called the ______________________.

• Independent clauses in compound sentences can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. The most common coordinating conjunctions are: _______________________________________________________________________

• Put the best conjunction in each of the following sentences:

o I like Bill, __________________ sometimes he is too loud.

o The dogs raced around the yard, ___________________ they hated each other.

o The food got cold, ___________________ they heated it up.

o Mrs. Flo went to the butcher shop, _____________________ she bought a steak.

o The milk was not on the counter, ____________________ was it on the table.

o Put that back, ____________________ I will call the police!

o She seems like a nice person, _____________________ she has no friends.

• Independent clauses may also be joined by a semicolon ( ; ) when there is no coordinating conjunction. Put a semicolon between the independent clauses in each of the following sentences.

o Dr. Lee teaches math his wife teaches history.

o The salmon swam upstream they were headed for their home.

o Potatoes and beans were served the taste was horrid.

o The snow finally is melting it has been on the ground for two months.

• Overall, an independent clause must be able to stand alone. Do not mistake a simple sentence with compound subjects and/or compound verbs for a compound sentence.

Put a comma in the proper place in each sentence that has two independent clauses. Do not add a comma to sentences that have only one independent.

o The water rose and then receded.

o The bird rose rapidly and headed west.

o The tree fell and the lumberjack stripped the branches from its trunk.

o Her dress was green and her gloves were white.

o She wore a green dress and white gloves.

o The Angels got creamed by the Devils for the Devils are the better team.

o The Angels played the Devils and lost.

Exercise 3 (Compound)

Use the MARK steps in the following sentences.

1) Mark out imposters (prepositional phrases and infinitives)

2) Put a V over the verbs and an S over the subjects

3) Circle the comma and FANBOY OR circle the semi-colon (*Remember you should have an independent clause before AND after the semi-colon or FANBOY)

4) Write the formula on the line.

____ 1. The snow was falling, and the wind was howling.

____ 2. Nothing could be done; the cold air had frozen the door shut.

____ 3. Zach and Sean pounded on the ice to break it, but it would not budge.

____ 4. Finally, Katie lit a fire, so the ice began to melt.

____ 5. Stan got a crowbar; Scott got a shovel.

____ 6. Attacking and arguing seemed pointless, so they made him muffins.

____ 7. Justin chewed and swallowed, or so we thought.

Exercise 5 (Compound)

Label the following sentences:

1. V over the verb (or verbs)

2. S over the subject (or subjects)

3. Add either a comma or a semicolon as needed.

1. A mailman ran down the street and he delivered the mail.

2. Our dog took a chunk out of the mailman’s leg the mailman yelled at the top of his lungs.

3. He jumped through the bushes and then he ran over the flowerbed.

4. The boys and girls on the street watched and they whispered among themselves.

5. The youngest boy ran to tell his mother the oldest boy called the police.

6. The police arrived and they asked lots of questions.

7. The dog belongs to Mr. Perkins but he will not get rid of the dog.

8. Mr. Perkins and his wife live in the brown house on the corner but they aren’t home now.

9. The brown house needed a coat of paint so the Perkins painted it last month.

10. The police captured the dog and they put him in their van to be taken to the pound.

Exercise 6 (Compound and Simple)

1) Use the MARK steps to guide you if necessary

2) Add the correct punctuation to the following sentences (commas and semicolons). Be very careful because there are some simple sentences lurking amongst the compound sentences!

3) Write the sentence formula on the line.

____1. We had to give up for the rope continued to break.

____ 2. Parker and Blake went for a hike the day was beautiful.

____ 3. The pool will be open this weekend we should grab some rays.

____ 4. Jackson’s parents bought him a car and refused to put gas in it.

____ 5. Morgan’s parents bought him a car and they put gas in it.

____ 6. Hannah will graduate in the spring but she wishes it was sooner.

____ 7. Kyle will graduate in the spring he wishes it was sooner.

____ 8. Jenna will graduate in the spring but wishes it was sooner.

____ 9. Play practice starts in two hours and will be so much fun!

____ 10. Play practice starts in two hours it will be so much fun!

____ 11. Play practice starts in two hours and it will be so much fun!

____ 12. The climbers were starving yet they saved some food for the next day.

____ 13. The climbers were starving they saved some food for the next day.

____ 14. The climbers were starving yet saved some food for the next day.

____ 15. Justene and Chelsea sat dejectedly on the steps of their decrepit old house and

waited for John to arrive but he never showed.

Simple: SVV

__________________________________________________________________________

Compound: I,cI

Compound: I;I

Notes: Complex Sentences

• Simple sentences have _______1____ independent clauses.

• Compound sentences have ______2________ or more independent clauses.

• Complex sentences have ______1_____ independent clauses and ______1______ or more dependent clauses.

• You have learned about two types of clauses:

o _independent_ clauses can stand alone.

o _dependent__ clauses cannot stand alone.

• Many sentences have clauses that cannot stand alone.

Example: Kathy stayed home because she had a fever.

o Underline the clause that cannot stand alone in the above sentence is

Example: If the weather is nice, Sally likes to jog.

o Underline the clause that cannot stand alone in the above sentence.

• Remember, a clause is any group of words that have a subject and a verb. Therefore,

even a dependent clause has a ___________________ and a ___________________.

• Do not confuse an introductory group of words in a sentence (like the one in the example sentence below) for a dependent clause.

While running quickly, Paul got a cramp.

o The first group of words in the above sentence is not a dependent clause because it does not have a __________________________________________________.

• A dependent clause normally starts with a word that shows its relationship to the independent clause. These words are called subordinating conjunctions. They are the leech words that hang on to a perfectly good sentence and make them unable to stand alone.

Subordinate (dependent) clauses often start with subordinating conjunctions, such as:

after

although

as

as if

as long as

as soon as

as though because

before

even if

even though

if

in order that

just as

like

once

provided

rather than

since

so that

than

though

unless

until

when

whenever

while

why

whether

They may also begin with relative pronouns:

Who Whom Whose Which That

• Fill in the following sentences with subordinating conjunctions that make sense.

o I love to cook ____________________ it takes time.

o The girls won’t come __________________ you text them.

o _____________________ you get mad at me, you should take a deep breath.

o ______________________ the turkey is not thawed, you’ll need to make hotdogs.

o ______________________ Johnny takes out the trash, he plans to do his homework __________________________ it is getting late.

• Remember, a complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. In the following sentences, underline the independent clause with two lines;

circle the subordinating conjunction and underline the dependent clause with one line.

o I will go to the store after I make a shopping list.

o When he eats his food, the dog gets meat all over his face.

o Since she is my closest friend, I will buy something special for her birthday.

o I like to hear that you are doing well in school!

• If the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, use a comma to separate the two clauses. (D,I)

• NO COMMA IS NEEDED if the dependent clause comes after the independent clause. (ID)

• Dependent clauses can come on the front or the end of an independent clause. They can also be doubled or come on both ends. So, sentence structures can be:

ID I went to the store while my mother was asleep.

D,I While my mother was asleep, I went to the store.

D, ID While my mother was asleep, I went to the store even though I knew I shouldn’t.

IDD I went to the store even though I knew I shouldn’t while my mother was asleep.

DD,I Even though I knew I shouldn’t while my mother was asleep, I went to the store.

• Put commas where they are required in the sentence on the board. If a sentence does not need a comma, leave it as it is.

• Note: For all you fancy-pants, you may sometimes omit the “that” in a dependent clause and have it still make sense. This is one of those grammar dealies that is in flux – we have realized (that) we don’t always need the relative pronoun to have the sentence make sense.

• One last thing a dependent clause can do is totally rip an independent clause in two. When this happens, the subject goes in one direction, the verb in another, and a subordinate clause, set off with commas, lands smack in the middle.

o Samantha, who never complains about her grammar homework, didn’t finish her assignment.

Exercise 7 (Complex)

Circle subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns.

Circle commas.

Write the formula of the sentence.

1. __________ Although I like to teach, I would like to be a rock star someday.

2. __________ I would like to be a rock star someday although I like to teach.

3. __________ Even though she doesn’t want to, Carly leads the band because she’s taller.

4. __________ Because she was coming to town, I baked her a cake.

5. __________ Cassie and Matt, who never miss CSI, are coming over to see it tonight.

6. __________ When Jen punched Kayla, we were shocked.

7. __________ We were shocked when Charlie stuck his tongue out at Matt.

8. __________ Though Rachelle wasn’t at the prom this year, she knew it was only a matter

of time before someone hunky asked her to go.

9. __________ As long as Trevis eats chips whenever he fells like it, the Doritos company will have lots of revenue.

10. __________ The tape that Kris needed is in the drawer.

11. __________ Lisa is kind to animals which is more than we can say for some people.

12. __________ Until she gets a backbone, Steph will continue to let Stan push her around.

13. __________ Joe will continue to let Paul push him around until he gets a backbone.

14. __________ Karl doesn’t need a bodyguard since he has taken self-defense classes.

15. __________ Provided that she gets lots of scholarships, Stephen would like to attend The Clown School of Balloon Bending.

16. __________ If Adrian is ready on time, he can go to the concert with me.

17. __________ Whenever the birds fly south, Josh wants to go south too.

18. __________ Stephen quit the basketball team even though he was the star player after the rest of the team got mono.

19. __________ Henry acts as if he cares about everybody and everything.

20. __________ Even though Matt’s team came in second, he still felt like a champion because he knew they tried.

Exercise 8 (Complex)

(Mark out imposters, identify verbs & subjects)

Circle subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns.

Circle commas.

Underline dependent clauses once.

Write the formula of the sentence.

1. __________ If you will come over here, I will give you some information for your paper.

2. __________ I will give you some information for your paper if you will come over here.

3. __________Don’t forget to pick me up because I do not want to miss the meeting.

4. __________Although Dean and Kari liked the party, they did not stay because they had school the next morning.

5. __________ Reed, who parties until the break of dawn, misses class frequently.

6. __________ Please hand me the remote control that sits on my desk.

7. __________ She says that James Earl Jones was once a pre-med student.

8. __________ I.M. Pei is an architect whom most critics praise.

9. __________ I.M. Pei is an architect most critics praise.

10. __________She says James Earl Jones was once a pre-med student.

11. __________The problem is that my finances won’t quite let me live in style.

12. __________She practices as though her life depended on it.

13. __________Before she was injured, she practiced on Monday if her schedule permitted.

14. __________After she soaked the beans overnight, Lola She drained them and covered them with water because it makes them more easily digestible.

15. __________Although this dish is usually served with rice, Lola and her father prepared a green salad instead.

Exercise 9 (Complex)

Add commas where needed to the complex sentences below.

1. Trent would prefer doing the extra assignment so that he will not have to study tonight.

2. If you are going to the mall take Lucas with you.

3. Tori made the assignment twice as long because everyone had failed the first one.

4. Until Isaac learns the rules of the game winning will be difficult.

5. Pepsi which is Jacob’s favorite beverage is on sale at Meijers.

6. Tasha can come with us provided that she doesn’t chew the carpet and as long as she is nice to the tree.

7. Amanda’s parents will let her drive the car if she pays for the gas.

8. Because Dylan has not slept well his parents will buy him a new bed even if he complains and wants his old one back.

9. If Eric will call me tonight I will be glad to help him with his English homework provided he finishes my biology for me.

10. After Brandon who is staring out the window finishes his breakfast we will go outside.

11. Jordan likes to try and eat the plant that my grandmother sent me.

12. Rather than argue about comma rules we should all sing Kumbaya which is my least favorite song ever and make a pact to pull out our own toenails because that would probably be less painful.

Exercise 10 (Simple, Compound, and Complex)

(Use the MARK STEPS: Mark out imposters, identify verbs & subjects)

Circle subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns.

Circle commas & semicolons.

Write the formula of the sentence.

1. __________Dean will go to the fair if he finishes all his chores.

2. __________We went swimming at the lake last Sunday.

3. __________Matt studied for his algebra test; he did not work hard on the science project.

4. __________It will be lunch time before we can leave.

5. __________As he was running to the bus, David tripped and fell.

6. __________Kim and David stopped working and started on something else.

7. __________The ball flew into the air, and Peter caught it.

8. __________If Scott goes, James will agree to go too.

9. __________On the corner near the barn, stands a mighty oak tree.

10. __________Jerry wants to go, yet he has to stay and work.

11. __________After the sun came up, the boys went with you into the field and worked.

Exercise 11 (Simple, Compound, and Complex)

Mark out imposters.

Identify verbs & subjects.

Circle subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns.

Write whether the sentence is simple, compound, or complex.

1. __________After you go to the store, stop at Lisa’s because she has a surprise for you.

2. __________Jess and Rick took the bus to the concert and had fun.

3. __________Unless you are willing to practice, you cannot learn to write.

4. __________The boss demanded a lot, and the people worked hard.

5. __________The car was painted a bright blue; it was really pretty.

6. __________Because we could not see the show, we went to get pizza.

7. __________ Joe’s sister and brother went to the game with us; they enjoyed it.

8. __________I think I’d better stay home though your offer sounds appealing.

9. __________I think I’d better stay home, yet your offer sounds appealing.

10. __________The nurse handed the scalpel to the doctor when she asked for it.

11. __________Although I am running late because the car stalled, I will still make it to work.

12. __________Watching the news, which never has anything good to say, is still important.

13. __________Sara, who is very athletic, quit the basketball team even though she was one of the starting players.

14. __________Unless you stop crying, I won’t be able to understand you.

15. __________Under the sink behind the comet cleaner, lurks a massive dust bunny.

Exercise 12 (Simple, Compound, and Complex)

Analyze sentences using the MARK steps.

Circle subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns.

Write whether the sentence is S- simple, CD- compound, or CX- complex.

Add punctuation (commas and semi-colons) as needed.

1. ______If the students agree on a guest speaker the school will pay the travel expenses.

2. ______The school will pay the travel expenses if the students agree on a guest speaker.

3. ______At the National Hurricane Center which is part of the National Weather Service meteorologists chart things like air pressure and temperature.

4. ______The hurricane may hit here so we need to leave.

5. ______One of the benefits of hurricane forecasting is the time the warnings give to residents who live in flood-prone areas.

6. ______Even if a hurricane’s winds do not cause severe damage a community lying the low area may be flooded.

7. ______Residents can decide to stay or to evacuate.

8. ______She is fond of all flowers but she especially loves those with a beautiful fragrance.

9. ______Harriet’s backyard is bordered by many different varieties of roses that bloom profusely all summer.

10. ______She fashioned a tabletop greenhouse that was inspired by a gardenia.

11. ______I could care less about flowers she adores them.

12. ______I could care less about flowers but she adores them.

13. ______I could care less about flowers even though she adores them.

14. ______Even though she adores them I could care less about flowers.

15. ______Once she stubbed her pinky toe because it was sticking out of her shoe Stella decided to buy some new sneakers.

16. ______Stella decided to buy new sneakers when she stubbed her pinky toe because it was sticking out of her shoe.

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