Sample PDF of Std 7th General Science Notes English Medium ...
Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
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STD. VII
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General Science
Printed at: Quarterfold Printabilities, Navi Mumbai
? Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.
Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022
TEID: 13796
P.O. No. 201720
PREFACE
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General Science: Std. VII has been prepared as per the new ¡®Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation¡¯ (CCE)
evaluation system which is more child-centric and focuses on active learning and making the process of education
more enjoyable and interesting.
We have infused the book with a liberal sprinkling of real life examples, pictorial explanations and additional
questions. Questions titled under 'Use your brain power', 'Can you tell' and a series of 'In-text Questions', pave
the way for a robust concept building.
Every chapter begins with Point wise Theory and Pictorial Illustrations. It follows through by covering all the
textual content in the format of Summative and Formative assessment. Summative assessment includes
Question-Answers, Give Reasons and other type of Questions. Formative assessment is divided into Apply your
knowledge, Oral work, Activities and Project which helps students to understand concepts quickly. The chapter
also includes Activity Based Questions that explain certain concepts to students in a point wise manner through
the medium of an activity. The chapter eventually ends with a Chapter wise Assessment that stands a testimony
to the fact that the child has understood the chapter thoroughly. To provide general and understandable
explanations of the difficult terms, ¡®Glossary¡¯ is included at the end of the book. Additional information and Fun
Facts are added to trigger the students¡¯ thought process.
With absolute trust in our work, we hope, our holistic efforts towards making this book an ideal knowledge hub
for students pays off.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we¡¯ve
nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we¡¯d love to hear from you.
Please write to us at: mail@
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.
Best of luck to all the aspirants!
From,
Publisher
Edition: Second
Disclaimer
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This reference book is transformative work based on ¡®General Science; First Edition: 2017¡¯ published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and
Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and
elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations.
This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been
taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused
to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.
? reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of
students.
Contents
Topic Name
Page
No.
1.
The Living World : Adaptations
and Classification
1
2.
Plants : Structure and Function
17
3.
Properties of Natural Resources
33
4.
Nutrition in Living Organisms
46
5.
Food Safety
63
6.
Measurement of Physical Quantities
76
7.
Motion, Force and Work
86
8.
Static Electricity
99
9.
Heat
111
10.
Disaster Management
122
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No.
No.
Topic Name
11.
Cell Structure and Micro-organisms
The Muscular System and Digestive
System in Human Beings
Changes - Physical and Chemical
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Materials we Use
Natural Resources
Effects of Light
Sound : Production of Sound
Properties of a Magnetic Field
In the World of Stars
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Glossary
Note: Textual Questions are respresented by * mark.
Page
No.
134
149
162
173
190
200
218
228
239
250
260
2. Plants : Structure and Function
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Let¡¯s Study
Introduction
1.
Plumule
The root, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits are different parts
of a plant. These parts differ from plant to plant. Thus, we
can easily identify the plants with the help of these
characteristics.
The part that grows from inside the seed towards the soil is
called the radicle and the part that grows above the soil is
called the plumule.
2.
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8.
Radicle develops into the root which grows into the ground
for providing support to the plant.
Root is thicker near the ground and gradually tapers to a Secondary
root
pointed end.
In some plants, roots produce secondary roots, which grow
Primary root
obliquely and spread far and wide in the soil, providing
support to the plant. Such type of root is called as tap root.
The root tip is delicate and represents the region of the
Root hair
growth of the root.
Root tip
Roots bear hair-like processes near the root tip which are
Root cap
known as root hair.
Root tip is protected from injuries by a cap like structure
Tap root
called the root cap.
Thread like or fibre like roots arising from the stem are
called fibrous roots.
Dicotyledonous plants have tap roots, whereas
monocotyledonous plants have fibrous roots.
In plants like maize, sugarcane, sorghum, some roots are
underground whereas some grow from the stem just above
the soil.
In such plants, the roots that grow above the soil are called
adventitious roots.
The basic function of root is absorption of water and
Maize stalk
minerals, anchoring and supporting the plants. However,
some modified roots perform additional functions.
Aerial roots, stilt-roots, runners, breathing roots (pneumatophores), etc. are some examples of modified
roots.
Roots emerging from the trunk and branches of a banyan tree grow towards the soil. These roots are
called as prop roots. The number of prop roots in a banyan tree increases as the tree becomes old.
In the Indian Botanical Garden, Kolkata, a 250 years old banyan tree is found supported by thousands of
prop roots.
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2.
Formation of root
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Root
Radicle
9.
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14.
17
?
Std. VII: General Science
Stem
The plumule of the sprouting seed develops into the
stem, which grows above the soil.
As the sprout grows, the length of stem increases
gradually.
A stem shows nodes and internodes.
Node is a region from which leaves come out, whereas
internode is a region between two nodes.
The tip or the apical end of the stem is called a bud.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Leaf
Bud
Nodes
Leaf
Internode
Parts of a stem
Leaf apex
Leaf margin
Vein
Mid vein
Leaf blade
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Leaves are generally thin, flat and green in colour.
Growing end
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1.
Bud
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Petiole
Stipule
Leaf base
Parts of a leaf
A broad, spread out part of the leaf
Edge of a leaf blade or lamina. They may be entire, dentate or lobed.
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Leaf blade or lamina
Leaf margin
Entire
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Leaf apex
Petiole
Leaf base
Stipules
Simple leaves
Compound leaves
Arrangement of
leaves
Lobed
The tip of the leaf which may be tapering pointed or rounded.
Stalk of a leaf. It may be present or absent in leaves of different plants.
The portion of the leaf attached to the stem.
The small leaf like structures present near the leaf base of some leaves.
A single undivided leaf blade and a single mid rib.
The leaf-blade is divided into many small parts called leaflets.
Different plants show different arrangement of leaves on a stem. It may be
alternate, opposite, whorled, decussate, etc.
Alternate
18
Dentate
Decussate
Opposite
Whorled
................
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