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Chapter 5, the Thirteen Colonies

Lesson 1, the Southern Colonies

Objectives:

▪ Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded.

▪ Discuss how slavery influenced daily life in the Southern Colonies.

▪ Identify the major industries in the Southern Colonies.

Q: How did geography affect life and the economy in the Southern Colonies?

Dates:

1619 – The first Africans arrive in Virginia

1632 – Lord Baltimore founds the Maryland Colony

1733 – James Oglethorpe founds the Georgia Colony

Vocabulary:

Constitution: is a written plan of government

Debtor: people who had been put in prison for owing money. These English prisoners were given a second chance to go to the south and settle new lands.

Planter: were people who owned plantations, massive farming estates. They were the richest people in the south.

Indigo: Is a plant that produces a blue dye. Blue was a

Broker:

Naval stores:

People:

Cecilius Calvert: or Lord Baltimore, established the Maryland Colony. Catholic.

James Oglethorpe: English leader who founded the Georgia Colony.

Olaudah Equiano: former enslaved person who wrote a book about his life.

Eliza Lucas Pickney: South Carolina colonist who experimented with growing indigo.

Places: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Fort Mose

1. Maryland and Virginia

a. Maryland

i. Was founded by the Calverts, a wealthy English Catholic family.

ii. Maryland was established as a refuge for Catholics.

iii. Maryland – names for Mother Mary

iv. MD and VA shared a location next to the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River.

b. Life in Maryland and Virginia

i. There were fewer colonists in MD than in VA, but MD had greater religious freedom.

ii. Tobacco grew well in both colonies.

iii. Enslaved people start to replace indentured servants.

2. The Carolinas and Georgia

a. Carolina

i. Was divided among eight leaders called the Lords Proprietors.

ii. The adopted a constitution: a written plan of government.

1. Free white males could choose leaders to make laws.

2. Power stayed with the Lords Proprietors.

iii. In 1712 – Carolina was split into two colonies, North and South.

1. N. Carolina – farmers grew corn and tobacco

2. S. Carolina – farmers grew rice.

b. Georgia

i. The English king decided to start a colony south of S. Carolina.

1. He chose debtors to settle the land.

a. Debtors were people in English prisons. They were in prison for owing money. It was an idea by James Oglethorpe

b. Savannah became the first city in 1733

2. At first the leaders of Georgia limited the size of farms and did not allow slavery.

3. Over time slavery became a way of life and the institution of it caused the southern economy to boom.

3. Heading West

a. In the mid- 1700’s, settlers began to move from the Coastal Plain to the back-country (near the base of the Appalachian Mountains “Piedmont”)

b. Many Native Americans died in conflicts with southern colonists and from European diseases.

i. Even peaceful tribes were attacked.

ii. Some Native Americans were sent to work on sugarcane plantations in the West Indies.

iii.

4. Slavery in the Colonies

a. Most enslaved people worked on plantations.

b. As the economy of the South grew, slavery was legalized in every colony.

c. Some Africans were able to buy their freedom while others escaped.

i. Fort Mose was the first free African settlement in North America (1738).

d. Enslaved Africans resisted slavery by breaking tools, pretending to be sick, working slowly, and escaping.

5. Life in the South

a. The economy of the South depended on cash crops grown on plantations.

b. Some southern colonists lived on plantations, but most lived and worked on small farms.

c. Southern port cities served as centers of government and culture.

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