TESTS FOR HIGHER STANDARDS



TESTS FOR HIGHER STANDARDS

HISTORY / SOCIAL SCIENCE

Curriculum Framework

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GRADE - LEVEL TEST

Virginia and US History

Karen McPherson Jason Hernholm

Dr. S. Stuart Flanagan, Professor Emeritus

College of William and Mary

Copyright (1999-2002, S. Stuart Flanagan and David E. W. Mott

Do not reproduce without permission.

(VUS.2)

1. Which of the following was not one of the chief settlement groups in the Middle Atlantic Region?

A. English

B. Dutch

C. German

D. Spanish

2. New England was settled by ________ seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe.

A. Puritans

B. Catholics

C. Mormons

D. Baptists

3. The first elected assembly in the New World was the:

A. Mayflower Compact.

B. Massachusetts General Assembly.

C. Virginia House of Burgesses.

D. Pennsylvania House of Burgesses.

4. The Spanish had violent outbreaks with the Indians since the Spanish:

A. would marry Indian women.

B. only wanted to farm in the New World.

C. were willing to use force to take the Indians' natural resources.

D. traded with the Indians.

5. The introduction of slavery in the New World occurred due to:

A. an agricultural economy based on large landholdings in the Southern colonies and in the Caribbean.

B. a decline in European immigration.

C. a rise in Native American revolts.

D. an increase in small farms owned by small families.

6. Europeans unknowingly brought all of the following diseases that devastated Native Americans except:

A. mumps.

B. chicken pox.

C. measles.

D. malaria.

(VUS.3)

7. New England colonial society was based on:

A. religious tolerance and a thriving middle class.

B. family status and ownership of land.

C. religious standing and intolerance of dissenters.

D. allegiance to the Church of England and close ties to England.

8. The Middle colonies developed economies based on:

A. plantations that grew cash crops to be exported to Europe.

B. shipbuilding, fishing lumbering, and manufacturing.

C. small-scale subsistence farming, hunting and trading.

D. shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading.

9. The economy of the Southern colonies was based on:

A. gold and silver mining.

B. trade with other English colonies.

C. plantations and subsistence farming.

D. banking and investment.

10. Which of these was NOT a characteristic of settlement in the Appalachian foothills?

A. small farms

B. hunting

C. slavery

D. trading

11. Which was NOT a result of the Great Awakening of the 1700s?

A. rapid growth of evangelical religions

B. challenges to the existing religious and governmental order

C. the development of a social foundation for the American Revolution

D. the abandonment of established religions in the colonies

12. Which of these statements is true?

A. Contact with England kept the colonies under the firm control of the English government.

B. A strong belief in private ownership and free enterprise developed in the colonies.

C. The colonies were under constant threat of attack from Spanish forces.

D. Slavery was only practiced in the Southern colonies.

(VUS.4a)

13. Which of these ideas is NOT reflected in John Locke’s social contract?

A. The power of government comes from the people.

B. The government exists to serve the needs of the people.

C. The people are required to obey all decisions from the government.

D. The people have the power to change the government.

14. In "Common Sense", Thomas Paine:

A. demanded a governmental structure based on a strong executive branch.

B. said George III was the cause of the colonies’ problems and urged Americans to declare their independence.

C. called for the abolition of slavery in the colonies.

D. demanded colonial representation in Parliament.

(VUS.4b)

15. Settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains was banned by the British in:

A. the Proclamation of 1763.

B. Jay’s Treaty.

C. the Proclamation of 1754.

D. the Appalachian Treaty.

16. The British angered the colonists by placing taxes on legal documents, tea, and sugar in the:

A. Proclamation of 1763.

B. Intolerable Acts.

C. Proclamation of 1754.

D. Stamp Acts.

17. All of the following were true of Patriots except:

A. they believed in complete independence from England.

B. they were inspired by the ideas of Locke and Paine and the words of Patrick Henry.

C. they believed that taxation of the colonies was justified to pay for British troops to protect American settlers from Indian attacks.

D. they provided the troops for the American Army.

(VUS.4c)

18. The French army and navy helped insure American victory in the war at the Battle of:

A. Boston.

B. Concord.

C. Lexington.

D. Yorktown.

(VUS.5a)

19. A weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that:

A. it lacked the power to tax and regulate interstate commerce.

B. the national government had far greater power then the states.

C. each state had more then one vote in Congress.

D. only three states out of thirteen could approve a law.

(VUS.5b)

20. In 1786, the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom by the Virginia General Assembly:

A. abolished the special status of the Anglican Church in Virginia.

B. ended religious freedom in Virginia.

C. protected religious freedom throughout the United States.

D. freed slaves in Virginia.

(VUS.5c)

21. The issue of congressional representation was settled by the Virginia Compromise, which:

A. provided equal representation to every state.

B. provided representation based on a state’s population.

C. provided for popular election of both houses of the Congress.

D. provided for two houses, one to represent all the states equally and the other to represent the states based on the size of their populations.

22. How are the three branches of the federal government related?

A. Each branch has some powers over the other two.

B. Each one can be overruled by their state counterparts.

C. Each branch can void an act by the other two.

D. Each one has control over their state counterparts.

(VUS.5d)

23. What were the supporters of a strong central government called?

A. Anti-Federalists

B. Unionists

C. Loyalists

D. Federalists

24. Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose ratification of the Constitution?

I. It did not contain a Bill of Rights.

II. It gave voting rights to people who did not own property.

III. It gave too much power to the central government.

IV. The document was illegal because the Constitutional Convention had exceeded its instructions.

I only

A. III only

B. II and IV

C. I, III, and IV

(VUS.6a)

25. The election of 1800 won by Thomas Jefferson was the first presidential election in which:

A. women were allowed to vote.

B. free African Americans were allowed to vote.

C. power was peacefully transferred from one party to another.

D. the transfer of power led to civil disorder and rebellions through out the nation.

26. Westward movement was influenced by all of the following except:

A. a belief in manifest destiny.

B. the opportunity for cheap land and resources.

C. the United States gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans.

D. American Indians allowing settlers to use their land without opposition.

(VUS.6b)

27. The number of eligible voters increased prior to the election of 1828 when:

A. women were given the right to vote.

B. property qualifications were eliminated.

C. education requirements were eliminated.

D. immigration from Europe increased.

(VUS.6c)

28. What was the reaction to Turner's Rebellion and other slave revolts?

A. Harsher and more repressive slave laws were passed.

B. Slaves were sent to live in the West.

C. Virginia voted to abolish slavery in 1836.

D. Abolitionism became popular in the South.

29. What was the solution to the issue of slavery called for by William Lloyd Garrison’s publication The Liberator?

A. gradual and compensated emancipation of slaves

B. colonization of slaves outside of the United States

C. immediate and uncompensated emancipation of slaves

D. an open dialogue on the issue of slavery

30. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act resolve the issue of slavery in those areas?

A. Slavery was not permitted in either territory.

B. The terms of the Missouri Compromise were honored in establishing these territories.

C. People who had held slaves before they moved to the territories were allowed to keep their slaves.

D. Popular sovereignty would determine whether slavery would be permitted in the territories.

(VUS.7a)

31. What was the primary reason why seven states seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861?

A. to protest the election of Abraham Lincoln as President

B. to condemn the caning of Charles Sumner in the Senate

C. to express their opposition to the Dred Scott decision

D. to protest the Kansas-Nebraska Act

32. What battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War?

A. Bull Run

B. Antietam

C. Gettysburg

D. Appomattox

(VUS.7b)

33. The Emancipation Proclamation changed the goal of the Civil War for the North to:

A. destroying the Southern economy.

B. freeing the slaves.

C. industrializing the South.

D. obtaining help from other nations.

(VUS.7c)

34. Lincoln believed in all of the following except:

A. secession was illegal.

B. Reconstruction should quickly restore legitimate state governments that were loyal to the Union.

C. the federal government should not punish the South.

D. states should be placed under military occupation and not allowed to reenter the Union.

35. Radical Republicans passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which included all of the following except:

A. outlawing racial segregation.

B. dividing the Southern states into five military districts.

C. setting up requirements for readmission to the Union.

D. abolishing the state governments approved by President Johnson.

36. What result did the war have on the South?

A. The economy was ruined, and a large class of poor tenant farmers developed.

B. There was a massive migration out of the South at the end of the war, leaving the area unpopulated.

C. The war stimulated a rapid industrialization which continued after the war.

D. The freed slaves all moved to land in the West provided by the federal government.

(VUS.8a)

37. Cyrus McCormick’s invention of the __________ made it easier for farmers to harvest their crops.

A. tractor

B. cotton gin

C. steel plow

D. reaper

38. What encouraged immigrants to leave their native countries?

A former slaves settled in their countries by the United States

B promises of lifetime employment and free land

C epidemics of disease

D poor farming, relaxed emigration laws, and political and religious persecution

(VUS.8b)

39. What was invented by Alexander Graham Bell?

A. the telegraph

B. the typewriter

C. the telephone

D. the radio

(VUS.8c)

40. How did the Southern states react to the Reconstruction laws after Reconstruction ended?

A. They grudgingly accepted the laws.

B. They kept the laws, as black voters were too important to ignore.

C. They repealed the laws and passed new "Jim Crow" laws.

D. They unsuccessfully appealed to the federal government to repeal the Reconstruction laws.

(VUS.8d)

41. Which of the following was NOT a new election reform from the Progressive Movement?

A. initiative

B. referendum

C. popular vote

D. recall

42. Unions worked to achieve all of the following except:

A. limited workers’ hours.

B. regulated work conditions.

C. increased workers’ pay.

D. reduced number of employees.

(VUS.9a)

43. One consequence of the Spanish-American War was that:

A China was divided into spheres of influence.

B the Philippines became a Spanish colony.

C Puerto Rico became a protectorate of the United States.

D the United States achieved its goal of gaining control in Panama.

(VUS.9b)

44. Which of the following is NOT a reason for United States involvement in World War I?

A. unrestricted German submarine warfare

B. traditional ties to Britain

C. the desire to “make the world safe for democracy”

D. the desire to help the Germans

45. Which of the following was NOT included in the Treaty of Versailles?

A. The French and English insisted that Germany be punished.

B. Serbia and Russia were responsible for World War I.

C. The League of Nations was created.

D. New nations were formed after the war.

(VUS.9c)

46. Which of these was a cause of the Great Depression?

A. failure of European nations to pay war reparations

B. overspeculation in the stock market

C. the rise of fascist governments in Europe and Asia

D. heavy taxes and restrictions on business in the 1920s

47. Why did many farm families leave the Midwest and Great Plains states?

A. They were relocated by the government.

B. The Dust Bowl made it impossible to farm in some areas.

C. They were attracted by new jobs in California.

D. The leases on many farms expired and were not renewed.

48. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) gave relief to the poor by:

A. making direct payments for immediate work.

B. ending foreign immigration.

C. sending American laborers to work overseas.

D. granting financial aid to American corporations.

(VUS.10a)

49. Under the Stimson Doctrine, the United States refused to:

A. recognize territorial gains by Germany in Europe.

B. send military aid to Great Britain.

C. recognize territorial gains by Japan in China.

D. buy raw materials from China.

50. What were the two events that turned America from a position of neutrality to one of active support for the Allied cause?

A. the fall of France and the Battle of Britain

B. the fall of Poland and the invasion of Norway

C. the invasion of Poland and the attack on Pearl Harbor

D. the invasion of the Soviet Union and the resumption of unlimited German submarine warfare

(VUS.10b)

51. The allies decided that ___________ had to be defeated first in order to win World War II.

A. Japan and Manchuria

B. the Soviet Union and Poland

C. France and Germany

D. Germany and Italy

52. What was the result of the Battle of Midway?

A. The Japanese victory placed the West Coast of the United States at risk.

B. The Japanese were encouraged to plan another attack on Hawaii.

C. The Japanese lost most of their merchant marine.

D. The American victory stopped the Japanese advance across the Pacific.

(VUS.10c)

53. Navajo Indians in World War II are most famous for helping the Allied war effort through:

A. coded communication.

B. submarine warfare.

C. covert sabotage.

D. fighting in South America.

(VUS.10d)

54. When American forces surrendered the Philippines to Japan, they were forced to endure the:

A. March to Japan.

B. Geneva Convention.

C. Bataan Death March.

D. Atlantic Charter.

(VUS.10e)

55. The Final Solution was designed to ensure the:

A. deportation of Aryans from Europe.

B. fair treatment of Jews by Germans.

C. fall of Communism.

D. elimination of Jews from Europe.

(VUS.11a)

56. What was used in order to maintain the supply of products essential to the war effort?

A. rationing

B. prohibition

C. reparations

D. sectionalism

57. Why was the draft used to build up the armed forces for war?

A. Declaring war against both Germany and Japan required a large, rapid increase in personnel.

B. Congress was unwilling to call up state militias.

C. It was feared that most young men would refuse to fight.

D. Very few were willing to volunteer to fight in Europe.

(VUS.11b)

58. How did the war affect African Americans?

A. They actively opposed the war in exchange for Germany's promise to establish a separate state for them in Europe.

B. Segregation laws were ignored due to labor shortages.

C. They called for increased equality in industry and the military.

D. They were excluded from defense industries and the military.

59. World War II helped further equality in America by women:

A. serving in combat units.

B. working in factories and other male dominated industries.

C. being sent to the military through the selective service.

D. gaining the right to vote.

(VUS.11c)

60. Which of the following is true about the internment of Japanese living in the United States during World War II?

A. Most of those who were sent to the camps were born in the United States.

B. Many of those who were put into the internment camps were known to have ties with the government of Japan.

C. Those who were relocated got their property back at the end of the war.

D. All foreigners, not just Japanese, were interned during World War II.

(VUS.11d)

61. Which of the following was NOT done during World War II in order to boost morale?

A. Media was strictly censored during the war.

B. Ad campaigns were created to keep America focused on the war.

C. Live footage of combat was shown.

D. The entertainment industry produced patriotic movies, plays and shows.

(VUS.12a)

62. After World War II, the Soviet Union:

A. was unable to recover from the destruction of the war and collapsed.

B. forced the Western allies out of mainland Europe.

C. fought Communism around the world.

D. occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe.

63. Which of these is true of Japan after World War II?

A. After being occupied by the United States and the Soviet Union, Japan resumed self-government at the start of the Korean War.

B. After being occupied by the United States, Japan adopted a democratic government and became an ally of the United States.

C. After being occupied by the United States, Japan became the seat of the Nationalist Chinese government.

D. After being occupied by the United States and the Soviet Union, southern Japan resumed self-government while northern Japan became part of the Soviet Union.

(VUS.12b)

64. What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?

A. to expand the Monroe Doctrine to Europe

B. to assist in European economic recovery after World War II

C. to assist countries that were threatened with Communist takeover

D. to prohibit European interference in the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere

65. Which of the following did NOT occur during the Korean War?

A. The United States and the United Nations sent troops to defend South Korea.

B. General MacArthur was fired by President Truman.

C. The 38th parallel became the border between North and South Korea.

D. South Korea started the war by invading North Korea.

(VUS.12c)

66. It was not until many years after the Vietnam war that Vietnam veterans were:

A. able to return to the United States.

B. recognized and honored for their service and sacrifices.

C. forced to give an apology to the people of Vietnam.

D. condemned as criminals.

(VUS.12d)

67. What was NOT a factor in the collapse of the Soviet Union?

A. the cost of competition with the United States

B. American encouragement of dissident movements in areas under Soviet influence

C. the withdrawal of the Soviet Union from the United Nations in 1981

D. the rise of nationalist sentiment in various Soviet republics

68. When Ronald Reagan said “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall” in a speech at the Berlin Wall, he:

A. started the Cold War.

B. challenged the moral legitimacy of the Soviet Union's control over eastern Europe.

C. threatened the Soviet Union and destroyed the wall himself.

D. ended Communism in Europe.

(VUS.13a)

69. What was the impact of the ruling in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?

A. It prohibited prayer in public schools.

B. It overturned the precedent set in Plessy v. Ferguson and prohibited “separate but equal” public school systems.

C. It said that students could not be forced to recite the Pledge of Allegiance in school.

D. It protected citizens against illegal police searches.

70. Which of the following was NOT a response to the Supreme Court decision to end segregation in public schools?

A. establishment of private academies

B. "white flight" from urban school systems

C. black students attending all-white schools and colleges

D. the abolishment of public schools in the South

(VUS.13b)

71. Which of the following did NOT occur during the 1963 March on Washington by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.?

A. The “I have a dream” speech was given.

B. The National Guard used force to end the march.

C. It helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation.

D. It demonstrated power of non-violent protest.

72. What government action opened up motels, restaurants, and other public businesses to African Americans?

A. the 1965 Voting Rights Act

B. the decision in Brown v. Board of Education

C. the bombing of Ebenezer Baptist Church

D. the 1964 Civil Rights Act

73. Literacy tests and poll taxes for federal elections were outlawed by the:

A. Voting Rights Act of 1952.

B. Civil Rights Act of 1957.

C. Civil Rights Act of 1964.

D. Voting Rights Act of 1965.

(VUS.14a)

74. The first woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court was:

A. Ethel Bertha Rosenberg.

B. Elizabeth Katie Eckford.

C. Sally May Marshall.

D. Sandra Day O’Connor.

75. The perception that career advancement for women is not equal to men is referred to as:

A. glass ceiling.

B. pink collar.

C. blue ceiling.

D. white collar.

(VUS.14b)

76. People immigrate to the United States to:

A. become President and increase foreign aid.

B. gain political freedom and economic opportunity.

C. overthrow the government and create poverty.

D. have freedom to persecute and oppress people they dislike.

77. Immigration has brought changes in the education system through:

A. the introduction of English as a Second Language courses.

B. decreased spending on education.

C. lack of political support for changes in education.

D. a reduction in the number of students nationwide.

(VUS.14c)

78. A person working at home for a company located elsewhere by using computers, modems, and fax machines is a:

A. long distance worker.

B. telecommuter.

C. distance worker.

D. New Age worker.

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