Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Operations

FM 3-05.201

Special Forces Unconventional Warfare

Operations

APRIL 2003

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 15 March 2003. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-SFD, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

Headquarters, Department of the Army

Field Manual No. 3-05.201

FM 3-05.201

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Washington, DC, 30 April 2003

Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Operations

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Contents

Page

PREFACE ..................................................................................................................iv OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................1-1 Unconventional Warfare Aspects ............................................................................ 1-1 Resistance and Insurgency ..................................................................................... 1-3 Dynamics of Insurgencies ....................................................................................... 1-4 United States Sponsorship.................................................................................... 1-11 Information Operations in UW ...............................................................................1-18 Psychological Operations in UW ...........................................................................1-19 Civil-Military Operations in UW..............................................................................1-20 Special Operations Imperatives ............................................................................1-21

PREMISSION ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 2-1 Mission Analysis ...................................................................................................... 2-1 Procedures .............................................................................................................. 2-2 Products .................................................................................................................. 2-5 Staff Activities ..........................................................................................................2-7 Subordinate Operational Elements ......................................................................... 2-9 Mission Planning ................................................................................................... 2-12 Deliberate Planning Process ................................................................................. 2-12 Feasibility Assessment Process............................................................................ 2-14

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 15 March 2003. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-SFD, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

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FM 3-05.201

Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Page

Postfeasibility Assessment Activities .................................................................... 2-16 Mission Preparation .............................................................................................. 2-22 Premission Training .............................................................................................. 2-23 Intelligence ............................................................................................................ 2-23 Personnel .............................................................................................................. 2-24 Logistics and Communications ............................................................................. 2-24 Preemployment Preparation ................................................................................. 2-25 Time-Sensitive (Crisis-Action) Planning Process ................................................. 2-25 Emerging Missions................................................................................................ 2-25 Detailed Mission Preparations .............................................................................. 2-26

EMPLOYMENT....................................................................................................... 3-1 Infiltration................................................................................................................. 3-1 Area Assessment.................................................................................................... 3-1 Development of the JSOA ...................................................................................... 3-3 Guerrilla Bases ..................................................................................................... 3-10 Development of the Resistance Organization ...................................................... 3-15 Elements of the Resistance .................................................................................. 3-18 Training the Resistance Organization................................................................... 3-34 Training the Guerrilla Force .................................................................................. 3-35 Training Staff and Auxiliary or Underground Personnel ....................................... 3-38 Combat Employment ............................................................................................ 3-43 Defensive Operations ........................................................................................... 3-48 Offensive Operations ............................................................................................ 3-48 Raids ..................................................................................................................... 3-49 Battalion (Large) Raids ......................................................................................... 3-56 Ambushes ............................................................................................................. 3-58 Categories of Ambushes....................................................................................... 3-60 Support and Sustainment ..................................................................................... 3-88 Indicators of Counterguerrilla Operations ............................................................. 3-89

POSTMISSION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................. 4-1 Transition ................................................................................................................ 4-1 Demobilization......................................................................................................... 4-2 Dangers of Demobilization...................................................................................... 4-5

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FM 3-05.201

Page

Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I Appendix J

Appendix K Appendix L Appendix M

UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT ......................A-1 COMMUNICATIONS...............................................................................................B-1 MEDICAL ASPECTS ............................................................................................. C-1 LEGAL PRINCIPLES............................................................................................. D-1 LOGISTICS CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................................E-1 INFILTRATION........................................................................................................F-1 SPECIAL FORCES AREA ASSESSMENT........................................................... G-1 AREA STUDY OUTLINE FORMAT....................................................................... H-1 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ........................................................................ I-1 EXAMPLE OF TRAINING PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION FOR RESISTANCE FORCES................................................................................. J-1 SPECIAL FORCES CACHING ...............................................................................K-1 LINKUP OPERATIONS .......................................................................................... L-1 DEMOBILIZATION OF GUERRILLA FORCES .................................................... M-1 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................Glossary-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................... Bibliography-1 INDEX............................................................................................................... Index-1

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Preface

Field manual (FM) 3-05.201 provides the doctrinal basis for the conduct of unconventional warfare (UW) missions across the operational continuum. It continues the doctrinal education process that begins with Joint Publications (JPs) 3-05, Doctrine for Joint Special Operations; 3-05.1, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Special Operations Task Force Operations; 3-05.5, Joint Special Operations Targeting and Mission Planning Procedures; and FMs 100-25, Doctrine for Army Special Operations Forces, and 3-05.20, Special Forces Operations. This manual informs and guides Special Forces (SF) commanders, staffs, and operational personnel primarily at battalion and lower echelons (Special Forces operational detachments [SFODs] A, B, and C) in their planning for and conduct of UW.

This manual provides historical examples to highlight key points throughout the text. It offers tactics, techniques, procedures, and references to support future SF operations. It also provides general UW guidance, mission procedures, and information ordered chronologically from receipt of the unit mission letter through postmission activities.

Users of this manual should adapt its content to meet their situation and mission requirements. The SFODs use the mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available--time available and civil considerations (METT-TC) analysis system.

Examples of specific UW techniques and procedures are provided in the appendixes. The appendixes let the users of this manual review the basics of UW mission performance from beginning to end. For users interested only in the details of specific techniques, the appendixes provide reference material keyed to the generic activities in the text.

Commanders and trainers should use this information and other related manuals to plan and conduct rehearsals of mission-specific training. They should also use command guidance and the Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP). The key to assuring success is planning UW-related training before being employed with a specific UW mission.

The proponent of this manual is the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS). Submit comments and recommended changes to Commander, USAJFKSWCS, ATTN: AOJK-DT-SFD, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men.

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