Developmental Psychology Chapter 13 Early Adult Phys ...



Developmental Psychology Chapter 13 Early Adult Phys/Cognitive Handout

Coping Strategies

1. Problem Focused Coping: work on changing the situation

2. Emotion Focused Coping: work on changing your reaction to the situation

3. Defensive Coping: use of defense mechanisms to ignore or avoid the situation. Drugs and alcohol also used for avoidance

Schaie's Stages of Cognitive Development

|Acquisitive |Childhood and adolescence |

| |-acquisition of basic knowledge and skills |

|Achieving |Early adulthood |

| |-adapt and apply cognitive skills to achieve long-term goals |

|Responsibility |Middle adulthood |

| |-cognition devoted to responsibility to self/family |

|Executive |Middle adulthood |

| |-responsibility to society |

|Reintegrative |Late adulthood |

| |-reexamine personal interests, attitudes, values |

Matching: Biology

|Senescence |A. A view of aging in which the DNA in body cells is gradually damaged due to spontaneous or externally |

| |caused mutations |

|The “wear-and-tear” theory of biological |B. A popular, but overly simplistic, theory of aging |

|aging | |

|Genetically programmed aging |C. A part of the aging process that causes increased susceptibility to infectious disease, cancer, and |

| |cardiovascular disease |

|Aging as the result of cumulative effects of |D. A theory that explains how body tissues become less elastic |

|random events | |

|Damage by free radicals |E. Associated with loss of muscle and bone mass, addition of body fat, and decline in cardiovascular |

| |functioning |

|Cross-linkage theory of aging |F. The universal, genetically influenced decline in the functioning of organs and systems that begins in|

| |the teens or early twenties |

|Gradual failure of the endocrine system |G. This theory of aging has been used to explain biological changes such as menopause and gray hair. |

|Declines in the immune system |H. Foods rich in vitamin C and E and beta-carotene guard against this. |

Matching: Thinking

|Postformal thought |A. Schaie's stage of cognitive development, which takes place in middle adulthood and involves extending|

| |cognitions to situations involving social obligations. |

|William Perry |B. Schaie's stage of cognitive development that is concerned with storing information, combining it, and|

| |drawing conclusions |

|Dualistic thinking |C. Cognition that is flexible, tolerant, and realistic with the understanding that truth is dependent |

| |upon its context |

|Relativistic thinking |D. This theorist focused on the cognitive development of college students |

|K. Warner Schaie |E. Cognition in which logic becomes a tool for solving real-world problems. |

|Acquisitive stage |F. Schaie's stage of cognitive development in which individuals reflect upon their interests, attitudes,|

| |and values as a guide for what knowledge to acquire and apply. |

|Achieving stage |G. Individuals in this stage of Schaie's theory of cognitive development are often called upon to |

| |combine information from many sources when making decisions. |

|Responsibility stage |H. The theorist who views cognitive development as the movement from hypothetical to pragmatic thought |

|Executive stage |I. Cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operational stage. |

|Reintegrative stage |J. A cognitive approach in which individuals search for absolute truths |

|Gisella Labouvie-Vief |K. The theorist whose view of cognitive development is organized around the shift from acquiring |

| |knowledge to using it. |

|Pragmatic thought |L. Schaie's stage of cognitive development that takes place in early adulthood. |

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