Phonological process Chart - PlayWorks Therapy Inc.

Phonological process

Cluster reduction

Final consonant deletion Initial consonant deletion

Weak syllable deletion Epenthesis Backing

Fronting Affrication Deaffrication Alveolarization Depalatalization Labialization Gliding Stopping

Description

Example

Approximate age of

elimination

When a consonant cluster is produced with only one consonant

"truck" ? "tuck" "slide" ? "side" "brown" ? "bown"

When the last consonant of a word is omitted When the first consonant of a word is omitted

"dog" ? "daw" "dog" ? "awg"

When the first unstressed syllable of a word is omitted When a sound is added between two consonants, often "uh" When alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ are substituted with /k/ or /g/

"banana" ? "nana" "plane" ? "puh-lane"

"bus" ? "buhk" "lid" ? "lig"

When velar sounds /k/ or /g/ are substitued with alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ When a non-affricate is substitued with an affricate, "ch" or "j" When an affricate "ch" or "j" is substituted with a fricative or stop, like "sh" or /d/ When an non-alveolar sound is substitued with an alveolar sound When a palatal sound is substituted with a non-palatal sound When a non-labial sound is substituted with a labial sound, /m/, /p/, or /b/. When /l/ or /r/ becomes a /w/ or /y/ sound When a fricative or affricate is

"bag" ? "bad" "lake" ? "late"

"doggie" ? "joggie"

"choo-choo" ? "shoo shoo" "chip" ? "dip"

"shoe" ? "tu" "make" ? "nake"

"dish" ? "dit"

"toad" ? "poad" "nail" ? "mail"

"yellow" ? "yewo"or "yeyo" "rock" ? "wock" "foot" ? "put"

~4 years; Including /s/, gone by 5 years

~3 years Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders ~4 years ~8 years

Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders ~3.5 years

~3 years

~4 years

~5 years

~5 years

~6 years

~6 years /f, v, s, z/ by 3

replaced with a stop

"jump" ? "dump"

Vowelization Assimilation Denasalization Final Consonant Devoicing

Prevocalic Voicing

Coalescence Reduplication

When /l/ or "er" sounds are replaced with a vowel When a consonant is substituted with another consonant within the word When a nasal consonant like /n/ or /m/ is substituted with a nonnasal sound like /d/ or /b/ When a voiced consonant at the end of the word, like /d/ is produced as its unvoiced counterpart, like /t/ When an unvoiced consonant at the beginning of the word, like /f/, is produced as its voiced counterpart, like /v/ When two phonemes are substituted with a consonant that has similar features When a sound or incomplete syllable is repeated

"apple" ? "appo" "color" ? "colluh" "ladder" ? "dadder" "bub" ? "bus"

"monkey" ? "bunkey" "nose" ? "dose"

"bug" ? "buck" "road" ? "wrote"

"fish" ? "vish" "sip" ? "zip"

"spoon" ? "foon"

"bottle" ? "baba"

years "ch" "sh" "th" "j" by 5 years -~3 years

~2.5 years

~3 years

~6 years

--

~3 years

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