Human Anatomy & Physiology: Latin and Greek Word-Part List ...

Human Anatomy & Physiology: Latin and Greek Word-Part List (prefixes, suffixes, roots)

Students of any biology course should learn to recognize the meaning of word parts as they often give clues to the meaning of a scientific term, function, or process. Science terminology is predominately based in the Latin and Greek languages.

The following list of prefixes, suffixes, and roots will be used in this and most Biology (bio = life, logy = study of) courses.

To help with pronunciation, word parts need to be linked together. The linkage for many word parts is "o". For example, linking the root "cardi" with the suffix "-pathy" would make the word difficult to pronounce; therefore an "o" is used to link the root with the suffix. The completed word is written "cardiopathy" and pronounced kar-deop-ah-the (heart disease).

Accurate spelling of each work is also important. Changing one letter may change the word part and its meaning. Examples include: "ileum" is a part of the small intestine & "ilium" is a bone in the hips, "ped" refers to the foot & "pedia" refers to children, "ab" means away & "ad" means toward. Finding a word in a dictionary, glossary, or index requires a knowledge of spelling ? at least the beginning of a word. For example, pneumonia and psychology have a silent "p".

By the end of this course you should be able to: (1) Understand the importance of medical terminology and how it can be incorporated into the study of the human body, (2) Differentiate between a prefix, suffix, word root, and a compound term, (3) Link word parts to form medical terms, (4) Differentiate between singular and plural endings of medical terms, (5) Dissect (cut) compound medical terms into parts to analyze their meaning, and (6) Recognize and pronounce commonly used prefixes, suffixes, and root words used in medical terminology. The last page of this "Word Part" packet has a list of singular and plurals word forms.

Word Part

a-, an, non ab-, efad-, afadi-, lip(o)-alg anaang(i)ante-, pre-, proanti-, contraaqua(e)-, hydr arthr(o), artic-ase audiaut(o)bi-, di-, diplobrachy-, brev(i)bradybronch-

Meaning

Without, Not Away Toward Fat Pain Up Vessel Before

Against, Resisting Water Joint Enzyme Hear Self Two Short Slow Airway

Example(s)

Apnea, Anuria, Nonstriated Abductor muscle, Efferent Neuron Afferent neuron, Adductor muscle

Adipose, Liposuction Neuralgia, Fibromyalgia

Anabolic reaction Angiogenesis, Vasodialator

Prenatal, Antebrachial, Promonocyte

Antibody, Contraception Aqueous, hydrocephalus

Arthritis, Articulation Maltase, Lipase Auditory nerve Autoimmunity

Bicuspid, Diencephalon, Diplococcus

Brachydactyly, Fibularis brevis Bradycardia Bronchitis

Meaning of Example(s)

Word Part #1

Not breathing, Without urine, Muscle not striated

Muscle pulling away from midline (deltoid), Carrying info away from brain

Carry info toward brain, Muscle pulling toward midline (groin)

Fat tissue, Removing (by suction) fat from the body

Nerve pain, Muscle pain

Building up molecules (bonding amino acids together to make proteins)

Making of a new blood vessel, Medicines that widen a vessel

Before birth, Before the upper arm, Before the monocyte is mature

Resisting a foreign body (pathogen), Against conception (egg + sperm)

Water solution, Water (cerebral spinal fluid ? CSF) on the brain

Joint inflammation, Joint (where two bones meet)

Enzyme breaking down maltose, Enzyme breaking down lipids/fats

Nerve connecting the ear to the brain

Self-immunity (when a persons antibodies attack its own cells/tissues)

2 pointed (tooth or heart valve), 2 parts within the brain, 2 round bacteria

Short digits (toes or fingers), Short muscle in the lower leg

Slower than normal heart rate

Airway (bronchus ? tube entering lungs) inflammation

cardcat-

Word Part

cent-centesis cephal-, -ceps chol-, cystic chondr-cide circ-, peri-clast

co-, con-, sym-, syn-, sys-

coel-, sinu-

Heart Down

Meaning

100, 100th Puncture

Head Gallbladder

Cartilage Kill

Around Break, Destroy Together, With Cavity, Space

Cardiology

Study of the heart

Catabolic reaction

Example(s)

Century, Centigram

Breaking down molecules (protein bonds being broken to form amino acids)

Word Quiz #2

Meaning of Example(s)

100 years, 1/100th of a gram

Amniocentesis

Puncture to aspirate (remove) amniotic fluid from amniotic sac

Hydrocephalus, Biceps femoris Water in brain (in the head), 2-headed (2 tendons) muscle by femur

Cholecystokinin, Cystic duct Hormone causing gallbladder contraction, Tube (for bile) from gallbladder

Chrondrocyte

Cartilage cell

Spermacide

Sperm killer

Circumcision, Periodontal Cut around (ex. male foreskin), Around the teeth

Osteoclast

Bone breaker (cells that destroy cells, thus shaping a bone)

Congenital, Synthesis, System Born with, Put together, Organs working together

Coelom, Frontal sinus

Body cavity, Space in the frontal bone

Word Part

corp-, soma-crine cut, derm cyan-cyte dactyl, digit dec(k) dent, dont dia-, per-, transdys-, mal-

Meaning

Body Secrete, Release

Skin Blue Cell Finger or Toe 10, 1/10th Tooth/Teeth Through, Separate, Across Bad, Painful, Difficult

Example(s)

Corpus luteum, Somatic cell Endocrine gland

Subcutaneous, Dermatitis Cyanosis Leukocyte Syndactyly

Decade, Dekagram, Deciliter Dentalgia, Orthodontist

Diarrhea, Permaeable, Transcutaneous Dyspnea, Malnutrition, Malabsorption

Word Part #3

Meaning of Example(s)

Yellow body (former follicle in ovary), Body cell (all non-sex cells) Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream Below the skin, Skin inflammation Condition causing skin to turn blue (due to low oxygen levels) White blood cell Fingers or Toes that are together (webbed) 10 years, 10 grams, 1/10th of a liter Tooth pain, Doctor that straightens teeth Flow through (intestines), Across a membrane, Across skin

Difficult breathing, Bad nutrition/diet, Poor nutrient absorption

Word Part

-ectomy, -tom, -sect ectopedem-emesis -emia en, endo-, intraepi-

Meaning

Cut, Cut out Displaced Swelling Vomiting Blood condition Inside, Within Upon, Over, Above

Example(s) Appendectomy, Lobotomy, Dissect

Ectopic pregnancy Lymphedema Hyperemesis Hypoglycemia

Endosteum, Intraocular Epidermis, Epididymis

Word Part #4

Meaning of Example(s)

Cut out appendix, Cut out cerebral (brain) lobe, Cut in two Displaced pregnancy (embryo implant outside uterus ? usually oviduct) Swelling of tissues due to the accumulation of lymph Excessive vomiting Low blood sugar Cavity/space inside a bone, Inside the orbit or eye socket Layer of skin over the dermis, Coiled tubes above the testes

equi-, homo-, isoerythr-esthe

Word Part

ex-, ectofasciforamgastr-gen, poie-, blast ger (o, i) glomgloss/tt, lingu gluc-, gly, -ose gyn

Same, Equal, Balanced

Red Sensation

Homeostasis, Isotonic Erythrocyte Anesthesia

Meaning

Outside Bundle Opening Stomach Create, Form Aging, Old

Ball Tongue Sugar Woman

Example(s)

Extracelluar fluid Muscle or nerve fascicle

Infraorbital foramen Gastric bypass surgery Oogenesis, Hemopoiesis, Osteoblast Gerontology, Geriatrics

Glomerulus Hypoglossal, Sublingual

Glucose, Glycogen Gynecologist

Constant internal balance (of body functions), Equal solute (ICF & ECF)

Red blood cell

With sensation or feeling

Meaning of Example(s)

Word Part #5

Solute/fluid located outside of cells

A bundle or grouping of muscle or nerve cells

An opening in the bone below the eye for nerves & vessels to pass

Surgery for obese patients to dramatically reduce stomach size

Create an egg, Form new blood cells, Make new bone cells

Study of aging, Branch of medicine dealing with older patients

A ball of capillaries in the kidney where metabolic waste is filtered

Cranial nerve connected under the tongue, Salivary gland under tongue

Monosaccharide of carbohydrates (sugars), Big molecule made of glucose

Doctor specializing in the treatment of females & their repro system

Word Part

-gram -graph -graphy hemhemi-, semihepathexhisthyper-

hypo-, infra-, infer-,sub-

Meaning

Something written Writing apparatus

Use of writing apparatus

Blood Half Liver Six Tissue Over, Excessive

Under, Below, Less

Example(s)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electrocardiograph Electrocardiography Hemothorax Cerebral hemisphere Hepatitis Hexose Histology

Hypertonic, Hyperesthesia

Hypotonic, Infraorbital, Inferior, submandibular

Word Part #6

Meaning of Example(s)

Print out of the electrical activity of the heart Apparatus/machine used to make an electrocardiogram The use of the electrocardiograph Blood that has leaked into the chest cavity One half of the brain (left or right cerebral hemisphere) Inflammation of the liver (usually caused by viral infection) A sugar containing 6 carbons (glucose = C6H12O6) Study of tissues Greater solute concentration, Excessive/over sensitivity

Lesser solute concentration, below eye, under the jaw

Word Part

hyster-, metr-iasis, -osis -itis interkilo-, millikinlact-

Meaning

Uterus Condition of Inflammation of

Between 1000, 1000th To move, Divide

Milk

Example(s)

Hysterectomy, Endometrium Cholelithiasis, Nephrosis Appendicitis Interstitial Fluid Kilogram, Milligram Kinesiology, Cytokinesis Lactose

Word Part #7

Meaning of Example(s)

Cutting out of uterus, Inner lining of uterus (lost each month in females) Having gallstones, Kidney disorder Inflammation (swelling, redness, warmth, & pain) of the appendix An extracellular fluid found between cells 1000 grams, 1000th of a gram Study of body movement (mechanics of muscles), Cell Division Milk sugar

laparleuk(c)lig-

Abdomen White

Connect, Bind

Laparscopy Leucopoeisis Ligaments, Ligase

Abdomen viewed (small holes in abdomen replace large surgical incisions) The making of white blood cells (wbc's) Connective tissue joining bone to bone, Enzyme that forms bonds

Word Part

-logy, -ist, -ician lys, lyze macr-, mega, magn-

mamm-, mass-, pect-

-mania med-, meso-, meta-megaly melanomens-metric, -meter

Meaning

Study of, Specialist Break apart, Dissolve

Large Breast, Chest

Obsession, Compulsion

Middle Enlargement

Black Month Measurement, Length

Example(s)

Cardiology, Pharmacist, Dietician Hydrolysis, Lysosome

Macrophage, Magnum foramen

Mammary, Massectomy, Pectoralis

Kleptomania

Mediastinum, Mesoderm, Metaphase

Splenomegaly Melanocyte

Menstrual cycle Isometric, Spirometer

Word Part #8

Meaning of Example(s)

Study of heart, Drug/medicinal specialist, Nutrition specialist Breaking down macromolecules, Organelle that digests/dissolves Big WBC that eats/digests, Large opening in skull for spinal cord Breast tissue, Breast removal, Chest muscle Compulsion to steal

Middle space of chest cavity, Middle germ layer, Chromosomes in middle

Enlargement of the spleen (usually due to infection) Black pigmented cells of the skin The 28 day cycle involving the endometrium of the uterus Using skeletal muscle w/o movement, Breathing/air measurement

Word Part

micro-, -ole, -ule mnemmono-, unimorph, -plasty mort, necrmulti-, polymutmyonas-, rhin nat-

Meaning

Small Memory

One Shape Death Many Change Muscle Nose Birth

Example(s)

Microscope, Arteriole, Venule Amnesia

Monozygotic, Unicellular Morphology, Rhinoplasty Post mortem, Necrotic tissue Multinucleate, Polysaccharide

Mutation Myopathy, Myofibril Nasal septum, Rhinovirus

Prenatal

Word Part #9

Meaning of Example(s)

Apparatus used to view small objects, Small artery, Small vein Loss of memory Twins coming from the same zygote (identical), 1-celled organism Differentiating/distinguishing by shape, Nose shaping (surgical repair) After death, dead tissue Many nuclei (ex. Skeletal muscle), Many monosaccharides Any change in the sequence of DNA Muscle disease, Skeletal muscle cell Division/wall in the nasal cavity, Virus frequently infecting the nose Before birth

Word Part

neonephr-, ren o(o), ovi oct

ocu, ophth, opt, orbit

-oid

Meaning

New Kidney

Egg Eight Eye

Resembling, Shape of

Example(s)

Neonatal Nephrosclerosis, Renal vein

Oophorectomy, Oviduct Octet rule

Orbicularis occuli, Ophthalmologist

Sigmoid colon

Word Part #10

Meaning of Example(s)

Newborn Hardening of the kidney, Vessel carrying blood away from kidney Removal of ovary (egg maker), Tube transporting egg to uterus Atoms' desire to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons (allows bonding) Muscle around eye (allows winking), Eye doctor S-shaped (end of colon, connects to rectum)

olig-oma, onco -opia or(a)

Little, Few Tumor Vision Mouth

Oliguria Melanoma, Oncologist

Hyperopia Orbicularis oris

Very little urine produced Tumor in the melanocytes of the skin, Tumor specialist Farsightedness (can see distance well, vision is blurry up close) Muscle around the mouth (allows puckering)

Word Part

-scopy ost-ostomy ot palp, tact para path ped, pod pent phago

Meaning

To view, See Bone

Make an opening Ear

Touch, Feel Beside Disease

Foot, Feet Five

Eat, Feed

Example(s)

Arthroscopic surgery Osteoblast, Osteomyelitis

Tracheostomy Otoscope

Palpate, Tactile Parathyroid glands Pathogenic bacteria

Pedal, Podiatrist Pentose

Phagocyte

Word Part #11

Meaning of Example(s)

Inserting a camera into a joint to aid in surgery Maker of new bone cells, Bone infection Make an opening in the trachea/windpipe ? due to blocked pharynx/throat) Instrument used to view the ear Feeling for physical abnormalities (bumps, hardness, swelling, etc.) Small glands imbedded into the sides of the thyroid gland (in neck) Disease causing bacteria (tetanus, E. coli, streptococcus, etc.) Involving the foot, Foot specialist 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose, ribose) Eating cell (ex. ? WBC's engulfing bacteria & dead cells)

Word Part

pharm -phasia phleb photo, lumen phobia, phobe phys -plasia plegia pnea, spir pneum, pulmon

Meaning

Drug Speech

Vein Light Fear Function Growth, Formation Paralysis Breathing Lungs, Air

Example(s)

Psychopharmic Dysphagia

Phlebotomist Photoreceptor, Gastric lumen

Hydrophobia Physiology Hyperplasia Quadriplegia Apnea ,Inspire Pneumothorax, Pulmonary embolus

Word Part #12

Meaning of Example(s)

Drugs that affect the mind

Difficulty speaking

One who specializes in drawing blood

Light sensitive cells of the eye, Space where digested food travels

Fear of water

(HAPoexaminophobe ? One who fears HAP tests)

Study of how something functions

Excessive growth (tumor)

Paralysis of all four limbs

Moments of breathing cessation (usually during sleep), Breathing in

Air seeping into chest cavity, A blood clot stuck in the lungs

Word Part

post prim proct pseudo

psych, phren, -noia

Meaning

After First Rectum, Anus False Mind

Example(s)

Post natal Primary bronchus Proctoscope, Proctologist Pseudounipolar neuron Psychosis, Scizzophrenia

Word Part #13

Meaning of Example(s)

After birth First branching of the airway beyond the trachea Apparatus used to view the rectum, Colon-Rectum-Anus specialist Neuron common in the eye General term for conditions affecting the brain, Split mind

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