REVIEW GUIDE - ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY - SKELETAL SYSTEM



EXAM Study Guide – Anatomy & Physiology and the Health Care Sciences

1. Name two functions of the cell membrane.

2. Name and explain several characteristics of life.

3. Define the following:

A. benign-

B. malignant-

C. metastasis-

D. cancer-

4. What is the difference between ipsilateral and contralateral?

5. What is meant by the word “sprain” with respect to a joint.

6. Name any 8 body systems and briefly explain each one.

7. Name, and briefly explain, four things homeostatic mechanisms maintain. Relate it to temp.

8. Differentiate between chromosome, centromere, centriole, and spindle. Be able to look at a microscope slide of mitosis and fully explain it.

9. What is a hypothesis and how does it relate to the results of an experiment?

10. Define the following:

A. Proximal-

B. Transverse-

C. Appendicular-

D. Posterior-

11. Explain the various levels of organization of life.

12. Differentiate between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic- use particle models.

13. Draw a person and then create three planes passing through them. Label it

14. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Explain chromosome numbers.

15. Name all the body cavities of the human body.

16. Oncology is a field of medicine devoted to finding ways to treat cancer. Name two specific things that can cause cancer. Explain the three primary methods for treating cancer that are currently used.

17. Name, and explain briefly, five characteristics of something that is alive.

18. What is the relationship of amino acids to proteins?

19. Name a virus and the cancer it causes.

20. What is the equation for cellular respiration and how does it relate mitochondria? How does it relate to muscles?

21. Know all the bones and all the parts of the bones. Example: Name all the processes of the humerus.

22. Name the four ways in which bones are classified and give an example for each.

23. Define the following:

A. Arthritis-

B. Dislocation-

C. Osteoporosis-

D. Osteomyelitis-

24. Name the bones of the upper limb and state how many there are of each.

25. Name all the general structures of a typical bone of the backbone.

26. What is the difference between diaphysis and epiphysis?

Body Planes

27. M i d s a g i t t a l

28. F r o n t a l

29. T r a n s v e r s e

Anatomical Directions

30. A n t e r i o r (V e n t r a l)

31. D i s t a l

32. I n f e r i o r

33. L a t e r a l

34. M e d i a l

35. P o s t e r i o r (D o r s a l

36. P r o x i m a l

37. S u p e r i o r

38. ____ Any letter that is considered appendicular

39. What is Medical Terminology?

40. Medical terminology is derived from what two sources/languages?

41. What are the three possible parts that can make-up a medical term?

42. What is the definition of BRADYCARDIA?

43. What are some of the professions associated with Therapeutic Services?

44. Be able to match technologies up with the respective use of the technology.

Example: MRI is used for soft tissue injuries without requiring radiation

45. You are the physician and you have a patient that hit his head. He has no history of concussions and has a minor headache. He tells you his pain is a “2” out of 10. Mom insists that you perform a MRI and CAT scan of his skull. Give at least 2 good reasons why you feel this is not necessary.

46. Define and sketch the following and be able to recognize the different fracture types:

A. Closed Fracture:

B. Greenstick Fracture:

C. Comminuted Fracture:

D. Oblique Fracture:

47. What is bursitis and where would one get it?

48. What is the relationship of tendons and ligaments to bones.

49. What are five functions of the skeletal system?

50. Name the six bones of the facial skeleton.

51. Define the following:

A. Osteoclast-

B. Osteoblast-

C. Osteocyte-

52. Name all the bones of the lower limb and state how many there are of each.

54. Name all the processes of the femur.

55. Name the main sections of the backbone and state how many bones there are in each section.

56. Name the types of joints and give an example for each one.

57. Name the six bones of the cranium.

58. Name the components/sections of bone from outside to inside. All the layers.

59. Briefly explain the endochondral process of bone formation. Will not be an essay on exam.

60. Name ten muscles of the leg.

61. What is muscle chemically composed of?

62. Name six ways in which skeletal muscles are named and give an example for each.

63. Name and explain six different actions of muscles.

64. When the arm is raised to a vertical position (such as in asking a question), name the prime mover, synergist(s), and antagonist.

65. Name the three main types of muscle tissue and explain about each one.

66. When the lower leg is straightened out to a horizontal position when sitting, name the prime mover, synergist(s), and antagonist.

67. Name and explain the physiological properties of muscle.

68. Name five attachments for skeletal muscle.

69. Name five muscles of the arm.

70. What is oxygen debt?

71. Name five muscles of the head and/or neck.

72. Name, and explain, the 6 physiological principles of contraction.

73. Explain the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions.

74. Name five functions of the muscular system.

75. How does cellular respiration relate to muscles, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

76. Explain the pros and cons for creatine and steroids.

77. Name a favorite speaker, or health care related activity that is part of this class and explain why it is your favorite.

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