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Youth Violence and Vulnerability - ‘Youth Voices’ ProjectIntroductionThis is the report of the Youth Violence and Vulnerability ‘Youth Voices’ project based on the findings of both group and individual consultations with young people aged 10-25 years and the wider community carried out across Essex (including Southend and Thurrock Unitary authorities) in January – March 2021. A previous consultation was carried out in 2020 by Essex Council for Voluntary Youth Services (ECVYS). This year the project set up and administration were undertaken by ECVYS, whilst the analysis and report writing were undertaken by Maldon and District Community Voluntary Service (MDCVS).BackgroundEssex Council for Voluntary Youth Services (ECVYS) has been running for over 30 years and a registered charity since 2018. It acts as the independent voice of the voluntary youth sector, aiming to support, network and resource voluntary organisations working with children and young people. It also seeks to build links with statutory services to promote partnership working.The Violence and Vulnerability ‘Youth Voices’ project came out of ECVYS’s work with the Violence and Vulnerability Unit (VVU). The Violence and Vulnerability Unit is a small, national team of community safety experts who work in partnership with the Association of Town and City Management. They have been commissioned by the Home Office and Mayor’s Office Policing and Crime (MOPAC) to deliver targeted support across the UK to local areas adversely affected by serious youth violence, county lines and the associated violence and exploitation of vulnerable people. They aim to provide leadership and strategic coordination of all relevant agencies to support a whole systems approach to tackle serious violence and its root causes.The VVU partnered with ECVYS as they wanted to have more community involvement, engagement and ownership in the violence reduction support they offer in order to maximise its impact by ensuring that their approach is with and for communities. ECVYS run one of the unit’s work streams for them called ‘Voice of the Community’ within which representatives from the voluntary sector provide scrutiny of the unit’s work. One part of this work stream are the listening projects in which young people and the wider communities’ views are taken into account when the VVU consider their future spending and priorities. For example, last year the 2020 report on the Violence and Vulnerability ‘Youth Voices’ project highlighted that young people wanted safer spaces and more provision of activities. As a direct result The VVU and Active Essex were able to fund ECVYS to partner up with local voluntary youth organisations to provide some detached youth work across 5 districts highlighted as having the worst levels of youth violence in Basildon, Southend, Thurrock, Colchester and Tendring. Aims and objectivesThe aim of the listening projects are to gather people’s views and experiences on gangs and knife crime for inclusion in the VVU’s future strategic and budget planning.By:Designing 2 remotely administered consultation exercises for both groups of children and young people and individual local residentsDesigning 2 online forms to collect the findings from both exercisesRecruiting youth groups and educational settings across Essex to undertake and record the findings of the youth listening exercisePromoting the link to local Essex residents to take part in the community listening exercise Analysing the findings using univariate and bivariate analysesReport writing – including comparing this year’s results to last years MethodologyTwo Listening projects were designed to gather information on the views and experiences of both children and young people and those of the wider community. They are:Young people’s listening projectCommunity listening projectYoung People’s Listening ProjectThe young people’s listening project replicated the consultation exercise carried out in 2020. Youth groups / clubs and schools across Essex, including those in Southend and Thurrock, who had received funding from the VVU, Active Essex, the PFCC, ECC or district councils, or are affiliated to a local or national umbrella organisation/ governing body were eligible to take part in the consultation.Youth groups, clubs and schools were invited to take part in the information gathering exercise through ECVYS’s mailing list, social media and county networks, as well as through the Office of the Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner’s and Violence and vulnerability unit’s mailing lists. They were given information on the aims of the consultation, what taking part involved, how the results would be used, given assurances of confidentiality and a contact name and details for further information. The group leaders acted as facilitators to ask young people aged 10-18 years (up to 25 years for young people with SEN) the 9 engagement questions. It was felt that young people would be more relaxed and open discussing these issues in a familiar setting with people they know. The questions asked for their views, experiences of and concerns about youth violence in their local communities and recommendations for improvement. The sessions took approximately 1-2 hours. The facilitators recorded the responses on an online google form which fed straight back to ECVYS where it was downloaded into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. The closed questions were analysed using frequency counts and cross tabulations of pivot tables. The open questions were coded according to theme and counted. Unlike the previous year the sessions had to be run in a Covid-19 secure manner either through virtual sessions, detached work, in a covid-19 support bubble or school setting. Previously they were carried out face to face at youth club meetings.Groups who took part were offered a ?200 donation in recognition of the time, effort and resources it took to take part. The consultation period ran from 18th January 2021 until 18th March 2021. Overall 19 groups consisting of 379 young people took munity Listening ProjectThe community listening project was open to any local resident living in Essex, including Southend and Thurrock unitary authorities, to give their views on youth violence and vulnerability in their community.The consultation consisted of an online survey of 11 both open and closed questions similar to those asked in the youth listening project gathering their views, experiences of and concerns about youth violence in their local communities and recommendations for improvement. The survey took approximately 5-10 minutes to complete.People were invited to take part in the online survey through ECVYS’s mailing list, social media and county networks, as well as through the Office of the Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner’s and Violence and vulnerability unit’s mailing lists. They were given information on the aims of the consultation, what taking part involved, how the results would be used, confidentiality and a contact name and details for further information. As an incentive participants were offered the opportunity to nominate a local registered community group, youth club or school to receive ?500 to spend making their group or community safer for young people. The decision of who will later receive this funding will be made by the voice of communities’ work stream group.Participants directly entered their responses into the online questionnaire. These responses were downloaded into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. The closed questions were analysed using frequency counts of pivot tables. The open questions were coded according to theme and counted. The consultation period ran from 18th January 2021 until 18th March 2021. Overall 205 people took part.The results of the listening exercises are presented in the following Findings section.Who took part in the researchIn total 584 people from across Essex took part in both listening exercises.Young people’s listening exerciseYouth groups consisting of 379 young people aged 8-25 years took part in the young people’s listening exercise:The Young Essex AssemblyMulti-school council CIC ambassadorsHarlow Volunteer Police cadets Harlow Youth CouncilColchester County High School for GirlsROOTS POD Academy CICEpping Forest Youth Council2nd Lexden Guides and 1st Colchester South RangersThe Red Balloon FoundationLads Need Dads South Essex CollegeHome-start Colchester, Clacton and Jaywick InterAct LtdAction For Family Carers -Young Carers Club Yellow Door Bar'n'bus Trust. Girls Empowerment InitiativeEssex County Council Youth Service– Halstead YouthyAge Groupn%8-10 years19511-12 years401113-14 years1193115-16 years1022717-18 years932519-25 years62Total379Arean%All Essex211Mid Essex316North Essex526South Essex211Southend15Thurrock211West Essex421Total19Age group by District8-10 years11-12 years13-14 years15-16 years17-18 years19-25 yearsn%n%n%n%n%n%All Essex1130010899101100Mid Essex11300338811125100North Essex3383075352921216600South Essex0000312623233300Southend0000001212424500Thurrock225820119335500West Essex1132529242625161700Grand Total840119102935Community listening exercise205 people took part in the community listening exercise.Age groupn%10-17 years17818-24 years211025-34 years251235-44 years371845-54 years371855-69 years582870+ years73Unspecified32Total205Arean%Essex Met 63Mid Essex5627North Essex2512South Essex5125Southend52Thurrock189West Essex4422Total205Age group by District10-17 years18-24 years25-34 years35-44 years45-54 years55-69 years70+ yearsunspecifiedTotalEssex Met013020006Mid Essex2591411141056North Essex4754121125South Essex324813192051Southend000022105Thurrock1214361018West Essex74375151244Total17212537375873205FindingsYoung people’s Listening Project - Views and experiences of youth violenceOn a scale of 1-5, (1 being not an issue and 5 being a serious issue), how much of an issue did your group think young people being violent towards other people or property was in Essex? ?n%1 – not an issue185241123127364126355 – serious issue4412 Total356Youth violence rating by area?Mid EssexNorth EssexSouth EssexSouthendThurrockWest Essexn%n%n%n%n%n%127341018241300200151813234741423312413340173015289313041414482328101820371034324351391161113245171014Total298356542974Youth violence is the intentional use of physical force or power to threaten or harm others by young people ages 10-24.?Have you ever been a victim of youth violence or as a result of a youth gang??n%No27475Yes8925Total363Last year young people told us that their biggest concern around youth violence in Essex was that they might get stabbed. Is this a main concern for you too? If no, then what is your main concern around youth violence in Essex?Two hundred and one young people (53%) agreed that their biggest concern around youth violence in Essex was being stabbed. Young people also mentioned a number of other concerns they had around youth violence in Essex which were, in order of popularity mentioned by group:Intimidation and verbal abuse – 6 groupsBeing robbed or mugged – 6 groupsBeing physically assaulted – 6 groupsGangs and groups of young people – 5 groupsSexual assault – 4 groupsBeing kidnapped – 4 groupsBeing attacked with guns and other weapons – 4 groupsDrug selling and abuse – 4 groupsOnline bullying – 3 groupsCounty lines – 1 groupOther concerns mentioned once each included becoming a victim of hate crime, acid attack or being run over. Last year young people told us that poor street lighting made them feel unsafe. Is this a main concern for your young people? If no, then what makes them feel unsafe in your community? What would help them feel safer?Approximately 326 young people (86%) from all 19 groups agreed that poor street lighting made them feel unsafe. Young people also mentioned a number of other concerns which made them feel unsafe. They were in order of popularity mentioned:Groups of young people hanging around on the street – 6 groupsSeeing illegal activities happening such as drug selling and taking – 3 groupsFace mask wearing due to Covid-19 – 1 group Social media stories about youth violence – 1 group Being outdoors alone – 1 groupThe 2 main ways which young people mentioned that would help make them feel safe were:More visible policing – 9 groupsMore CCTV – 5 groupsWhere do your young people like to spend time when they are not at home, work or school? ?n%Outdoors - including countryside, local parks, beaches and rivers12232Socialising with friends / family /partner11029Sporting activities, including team sports, swimming, and cycling 5314Eating out - including restaurants and coffee shops5214Town Centre and shops5214Youth Club4512Cinema257Walking113On the street92Volunteering82Watching bands / listening to music82Library51Other - including bowling, holidays, parties, garden centre 41Total379What impact has Covid-19 had (or may still be having) on young people in relation to the issue of youth violence and gangs?Whilst some participants in almost half (n = 9) of youth groups said that the social restrictions of lockdown had reduced youth violence and gangs, respondents in 18 of the nineteen participating youth groups felt that Covid-19 had a negative impact on young people in relation to the issue of youth violence and gangs. Participants said that the issue of youth violence and gangs had worsened due to Covid-19 due to young people feeling more isolated (10 youth groups), bored, frustrated and angry (9 youth groups), the lack of safe social opportunities (8 youth groups), increasing impact on their mental health (7 youth groups), increasing poverty and family financial issues (7 youth groups) and increasing online activity and threats (2 youth groups).Who would you go to for help if you were a victim of youth violence??n%Parent18047Friend13736Teacher4813Other family member8222Police10327Youth leader5615Helpline195Internet246Other 205Total379In the ‘Other’ category young people said that if they were the victim of youth violence they would either go to another trusted adult (n = 15) not listed above such as a councillor, friend’s parent or neighbour, or no-one and deal with the issue by themselves (n = 5).Is there anything else you want to say, or something you feel the violence and vulnerability unit should be thinking about in regards to their funding for next year?Sixteen of the groups’ participants took the opportunity to reiterate previous comments made. They were, in order of popularity mentioned:13 groups said that they wanted more violence prevention initiatives such as educational talks from the police or former gang members on the impact of participating in crime on both victims and perpetrators, knife bins and self-defence classes11 groups wanted more youth clubs and safe indoor and outdoor spaces to hang out with their friends7 groups said that they wanted all young people to be offered more accessible opportunities and activities such as sports, arts/ creative, life skills etc to reduce hanging out on the street and so be tempted into gangs 4 groups wanted more support for victims of violence including therapy sessions3 groups wanted more visible policing and interaction between young people and the police3 groups wanted better street lighting especially in alley ways2 groups wanted more CCTV 2 groups wanted improvements in funding mental health support for young peopleCommunity Listening Project - views and experiences of youth violenceOn a scale of 1-5 how much of an issue do you think young people being violent towards other people or property is in Essex??n%1 – not an issue742251335428458305 – serious issue4725Total191Youth violence rating scale by area?Essex MetMid EssexNorth EssexSouth EssexSouthendThurrockWest Essexn%n%n%n%n%n%n%100124160000002521206111481700009223360193562412260042210244120142610401430150528133250014264161226150950717Total554254621841Youth violence rating scale by age group?10-17 years18-24 years25-34 years35-44 years45-54 years55-69 years70+ years?n%n%n%n%n%n%n%116314001313120020021041641172261211433187339361028516173434348474197281233928142834355295245209251031122400Total1721253632507Youth violence is the intentional use of physical force or power to threaten or harm others by young people ages 10-24.?Have you ever been a victim of youth violence or as a result of a youth gang??n%No16784Yes3317Total200Last year young people told us that their biggest concern around youth violence in Essex was that they might get stabbed. Is this a main concern for you too? If no, then what is your main concern around youth violence in Essex?One hundred and seventy four participants answered this open ended question. Seventy-four (43%) agreed that their biggest concern around youth violence was that they or others might get stabbed. For example, some key comments were:‘As a teacher, counsellor and mentor working with children and young adults I hear this all the time, and such is the level of increasing desensitisation that many no longer see knife crime as a serious offence. They see it as a necessity - it has become the norm which impacts seriously on the whole of society. Their access to social media platforms that drive this is increasing. We must intervene and make this a priority .‘Stabbing numbers have gone up and it worries me. Youngsters are dying’ ‘Yes, there are way too many young people carrying weapons’ ‘Yes, I feel it is an issue and some young people say they carry a knife to protect themselves, not to plan to cause harm to someone else’ ‘Yes, it’s easy to access, conceal & carry a blade’Whilst 12 participants said (7%) that they had no concerns about youth violence in their areas, other participants did describe their main concerns. These were, in order of popularity mentioned:53 participants (30%) participants said they were concerned about rising gang culture amongst young people, with young people both selling and taking drugs in their local area and the associated crime, weapons carrying and violence that goes along with it. A number specifically mentioned (n = 15, 9%) the issue of county lines in which drug dealers in major cities establish networks for the supply and sale of drugs to users in towns and rural areas, using other people (typically those who are young or otherwise vulnerable) to carry, store, and sell the drugs. For example:‘Huge rise in child exploitation. Exploitation has always been an issue though criminal exploitation and links to county lines has increased. This means children as young as 8 are being used and exploited into criminal activity. Often violence or threat of violence plays a huge part. Knife crime is a huge concern as many young people now feel they have to carry knives or weapons for their own safety even if they are not actively being exploited/involved with county lines or gangs through fear they will become a victim to others’ ‘I work with the young people of Essex and their feedback tells us that drugs and territory often leads to violence and knife crime. Many young individuals told us that they are often pressured into selling drugs and asked to "take protection" with them, this can be in the form of a knife or cutting equipment’ ‘Personally not concerned about being a victim but am concerned about the rise in gang culture and knife crime’‘My main concern is drugs, youths are openly dealing in public. I'm also concerned about county lines where kids are being used from other areas’‘No. I work with Young People and I see a lot of young people forced to join gangs/ becoming drawn in and there is always a threat of violence’42 participants (24%) said they were concerned about groups of young people hanging around the streets, often drinking and taking drugs due to lack of any other options and boredom resulting in the intimidation of local residents, vandalism, petty crime, and anti-social behaviour. For example:‘I think that my main concern is that when you see a group of youths in the street you do not know what way this will go. There is the ongoing concern that they could have knives.’‘Knife crime is a big concern, its everywhere, I don't always feel safe going out, youths seem to go about in groups and can be very intimidating, we have had youths threatening people for their phones or bikes or money, and causing vandalism, they don't seem to respect or care.’‘Personally I have encountered groups of teens who have been aggressive to younger children and adults with no respect. I have felt very threatened at the time.’‘I worry that there are not enough positive activities for young people to do outside of school.’‘My main concern is safe spaces for young people to spend time when outside of school. There are so few youth centres or clubs that can be accesses, especially during the Covid crisis, it's pushing young people to unregulated places where they are more open to violence and exploitation.’‘Small groups (4/5) of youths roaming around the locality causing mindless damage to property and animals. Bricks through windows, fences destroyed etc. Physical attacks on horses and ponies, dogs and cats. Intimidation of elderly residents - verbal abuse etc.’‘Shoplifting, underage drinking and drug taking, abusive language and threatening behaviour.’‘No, just hanging about, no respect, verbal harassment.’22 participants (13%) said that they were concerned about becoming a victim of crime, by either being beaten up, mugged, robbed or raped when outside their house and that they were afraid of being out alone‘Being stabbed is a concern of mine for sure as it seems to happen more often than not. Also being mugged and beaten up is a fear of mine when out because they’re easier offences to commit and get away with and can also do serious damage and harm to a person.’‘My main concern is being threatened with a knife and mugged by the youths.’‘My main fear is being raped/sexually assaulted, but because it's more scary rather than because it's more likely than being stabbed.’‘Yes it is a concern for me if I was on my own, as a wheelchair user my concern is that I would be targeted.’‘Yes, for my son particularly. He has been robbed twice with the threat he will be shanked as each boy wore a mask and said he was carrying. These events happened in broad daylight. He is 13.’‘Yes, us as children don't think it safe to go out unless we are in a small group.’‘Yes this is a concern. Also a concern is theft, acid attack and having belongings taken from me while walking alone.’11 participants (6%) said that their main concern was not about youth violence rather the lack of care and support some young people were getting from their families and the violence and hatred shown towards them by others and the bad reputation that all young people were being given. For example:‘I'm more concerned about violence/hate TOWARDS young people, especially people of colour.’‘That's a concern but also, I'm worried that people will think all of young people are violence and that we'll miss out on opportunities because people will think that we're violent or something along those lines.’‘My main concerns around youth are the negative views that many have towards them. I think they get scapegoated and incredibly judged.’ ‘Personally, the biggest concern is that young people are not being looked after by responsible adults, they don't feel loved by their families (who are having to work more than ever just to provide the little they need) and they don't feel cared for by authorities (school, councils). That is making them easy targets for gang recruitment which in turn means that violence and criminal activity, including stabbings, is a big concern.’‘That young people don't have anywhere to go as there is very limited Youth provision in Essex. They also don’t have other adults (apart from their family or gang members) to speak to about their concerns or issue therefore they are unable to get an impartial response or advice about how to handle situations.’‘This isn’t a main concern for me personally but as a youth worker and volunteer at a youth club, I am concerned that young people are scared that this may happen to them, and that they may not feel safe in their community. There needs to be a big increase in activities/youth clubs/projects/initiatives that engage young people and make them feel valuable. Too many young people are struggling for identity, to be popular and feel the only way they can be somebody is to be aggressive or violent. Young people need to feel valued and special and have purpose.’8 participants (5%) who were parents expressed concerns for their own children’s safety whilst outside of the house on their own. For example:‘As the parent of a 16 year old I find the statement above very concerning. I didn't realise that young people were so worried about getting stabbed and my son is of the age where he will soon be going out later and socialising with larger groups etc. I have noticed groups of young men hanging around the parks and streets while I have been taking my daily walks in the evening and I have become more aware of people dealing so I would be concerned for young people being out after dark.’‘I have two young children (7 and 5) and I was not aware that there was this sense of fear around youth violence among young people. I am deeply saddened to hear and will watch closely as my children grow. I am deeply concerned that young people are worried about being stabbed.’‘My biggest concern is that my teenage sons and young adult son will be caught up in some sort of violence when they are out. ‘6 participants (3%) said that they were concerned about the lack of respect young people had for the police and others, giving examples of young people threatening their parents and violence towards older people in their communities. For example:‘Lack of respect for the police, any adults or peers - cannot see how this can be improved.’‘They don't seem to be scared of the police these days too many kids out there are like wannabe gangsters and sometimes feel like the parents don't even care keep your children inside.’‘It seems youth violence in this area are directed at a child's own parent within the home as this is often not reported. Yes there is knife crime with county lines being an issue but I feel children attacking or being threatening to their own parent is on the increase and this is not just because of the current climate this has been happening for many years but has been an area over looked because parents are too ashamed to admit they have no control over their child! This often involves not just teenagers but children in primary schools too.’6 participants (3%) felt that there should be greater law enforcement, including more CCTV and speeding up the conviction process to act as a deterrent to criminal behaviour. For example:‘Being stabbed is a major concern but this, along with all ASB & crime, are exasperated because “they” all know they will probably “get away with it scot-free” or if they were caught, there would be little, if any consequences. They know all their rights and everyone is too worried about offending those “human rights”. Because of this, any witnesses are reluctant to get involved for fear of doing wrong & getting in trouble themselves. There should be a zero tolerance of all offences with real consequences that are personally “costly”, are relevant to the victim & so force “them” to have to reflect on the damage they have caused. The law-abiding public have got to see this in action to enable them to feel secure & encourage the feeling that it is worth reporting/feeding back on crimes witnessed.’‘The petty crimes if they are stopped it stops youths escalating to bigger crimes. Drugs and dealing are also a major concern as they are a gateway to crime.’Last year young people told us that poor street lighting made them feel unsafe. Is this is a main concern for you too? If no, then what makes you feel unsafe in your community? What would help you feel safer?One hundred and ninety-three participants answered this open-ended question. One hundred and six (55%) agreed that poor street lighting was their main reason for feeling unsafe in their community. For example:‘Yes, this is a huge concern. It would make me feel a lot better if there was more lighting somehow.’‘Yes, I don't like to be in poorly lit areas.’‘Yes, I am very concerned about the lack of street lighting. I don’t feel safe walking around dark streets. Some areas of the roads are also dangerous to drive because there’s no lighting.’‘Yes - the lighting needs to be made brighter, an idea would be to replace the dull orange bulbs with bright white ones. It would reduce petty crime and make the housing areas feel safer.’‘The lack of street lighting from midnight has had a marked effect on the whole community including the youth, most no longer feel safe going out in the dark. It does not take a professor to see that the lights going out is a gift to the criminals. Local authorities and police have asked for the lights to be left on as they were before. Residents lives have been put at risk to save money, and the promised full roll out of LED lights has not happened. Even more so when broken lights are not being replaced, especially as many roads in our area are un-adopted where Essex has always maintained them but refuse to maintain them now.’‘Street lighting would be useful in making people feel safer. Turning them off at midnight seems counter-productive.’‘Poor street lighting can create increased areas of risk for young people and adults alike - increases the opportunity of street crime and violence as areas that perpetrators can hide.’Seventeen participants (9%) said that they did not feel unsafe in their local communities. However other participants did describe what made them feel unsafe in their local communities after dark. They were, in order popularity mentioned:45 (23%) participants said that the lack of police presence on their streets made them feel unsafe and that more visible policing and greater law enforcement was needed to combat this. For example:‘Street lighting is an issue and should be re installed. More of a police presence is needed to disperse groups of young people. More undercover police officers to infiltrate groups of teenagers. County Lines is rife - 'Olders' know where and when to recruit ‘youngest’. Need a police presence in those areas - parks, outside schools, supermarket car parks etc.’‘Yes, lighting in alleyways in particular and general lack of police presence. More police presence and a community-based police office - both to feel safer and as a deterrent to crime.’‘Yes, it is one of the concerns the other is lack of old fashioned policing and lack of respect from youths towards the police.’‘Where possible more police presence would make me feel safer. They is a lack of street lighting in some areas and these are often the areas young people congregate or exchange drugs and money.’‘Tougher sentences for offenders and more police.’‘This is important but more visible presence of police, community wardens, PCSO's, etc., in those areas where young people are present and congregate would also help, especially in the early evening.’‘I don’t feel particularly vulnerable because there is no street lighting after a certain time. There are many other things that could be looked at to help make people feel safe. Better community engagement between police officers and young people. Police officers need to be involved in youth clubs and school projects so young people can see the human side of the police rather than feeling they are a threat.’‘Better lighting, safer, well maintained footpaths. Enforcement of law - speeding, littering, cycling on pavements, dog fouling etc. More visible policing.’30 participants (16%) said that groups of young people hanging around due to lack of other opportunities made them feel unsafe and felt that more youth work was needed to combat this. For example:‘Youths having nothing to do, or nowhere to go. So they hang around streets.’‘Yes, this is definitely an issue. But also, areas being under policed/ staffed with youth workers. Young people having nowhere to go and hang out safely.’‘Gangs of young people hanging around with nothing to do and devil makes work for idle hands.’‘Young people have nowhere to go when out of school/weekends as there is very limited youth provision, particularly for families where money is tight. Having a more robust and regular youth provision (not just in term time) would give young people somewhere to go. Also more funding for those in the poorest families to undertake extra-curricular activities.’‘There are many areas with poor lighting and areas where youths congregate that cause me to feel unsafe while working in the area. This is not just concerning for youths but for the general populace, older adults, young families.’‘The lights don’t help and they are wandering around all hours of the night young people as young as 13/14yrs constantly up and down the street at 2/3/4 am as this sets of my security cameras which I've had to install because of what is happening.’‘Poor lighting does make me feel unsafe to walk down an unlit road is scary. Group of youths together (more than 2) as you don't know how they are going to react and so you cross over or go the long way round.’5 participants (3%) said that they felt unsafe due to a lack of CCTV in public areas and that there was a need for Neighbourhood Watch schemes. For example:‘We have asked our young members and they have told us that street lighting, particularly in rural areas would make a big difference. We also asked them if they would feel safe with additional Neighbourhood watch schemes in the area that they lived and they told us that would be good and make them feel safer.’‘The street lighting and CCTV is very important.’‘Street lights and CCTV should be a must.’14 participants (7%) described a variety of other concerns including why young people are out on the streets late at night, fears about empty streets due to the pandemic, wanting resources about being safe on the streets for their children and the need to close down late night entertainment venues to reduce crime. For example:‘Lack of connection makes me feel unsafe. During the pandemic when the streets are quiet or empty the feeling of isolation increases feel unsafe.’‘It is a concern that young people are in a situation where the street lights are what keeps them safe. surely there are bigger issues to consider - why are they out in vulnerable places alone at the times when street lights are needed?’‘I would fear for the safety of my children. I think more resources for me to talk to them as a parent about this would be welcome.’‘Making the community safe would entail closing down all late night entertainment venues after midnight, the so called 'club scenes' which are no more than centres for drug distribution and drunks which fuels violence.’‘I live surrounded by fields and I feel much safer walking there at night in the pitch black than walking through Colchester high street at night, especially when people are out drunk.’What activities would you like to see more of for young people to get involved with?One hundred and ninety-four respondents listed a variety of activities that they would like to see more of. These activities, in order of popularity mentioned, were:62 participants (32%) said that they were would like to see either more youth clubs or indoor or outdoor safe spaces for young people to hang out where they can spend time with their friends, or take part in activities without the threat of violence or judgement from others. A few pointed out that these places would also offer professionals / agencies potential outreach venues to offer support to young people. For example:‘Young people need somewhere that is a communal space that has sofas, a pool table or something to occupy them and where they can stay out of trouble. Perhaps have a service where professionals can work with these young people learning life skills, and things that will occupy them to want to not loiter in unsafe areas.’‘Youth Centres where they can meet, socialise and belong with drop in times for support, counselling and advice, such as The Yellow Door on Canvey.’‘Indoor spaces, where they can hang out in groups and not be judged there are plenty of sports facilities but not all youth are sporty.’‘Safe Spaces for young people to hang out so we're not outside in the dark.’‘Spaces young people feel able to congregate - safe spaces, including parks and indoor spaces such as youth centres.’‘Youth groups for the teenagers have to be a priority. There is funding available for the activities and equipment. There are people willing to help. However, the premises to run such groups from are sadly lacking. Purpose built, easily accessible 'youth zone' type buildings are required which can be open more often and for longer hours than a once a week 'club' running from a village hall or similar. It needs to be a 'cool' place to go for the young people to want to go.’58 participants (30%) said that they would like to see more physical or sporting activities being available for young people, particularly ones that were affordable for all. Specific activities mentioned included football, marital arts and cycling. For example:‘Clubs where they could do all kinds of sports.’‘Activities that teach self-control such as martial arts, and that make young people feel safer. Activities that are physical and burn up excess energy. Activities that you take further through grades, medals etc. for a sense of personal achievement.’‘All social opportunities such as clubs, sport and other physical activities such as dance and work outs. Any team or group activities that all young people have been so restricted from.’‘I think there should be more activities like boxing, judo and swimming. By doing this young people will have the chance to let out their anger another way rather than hurting other people.’44 participants (23%) said that they would like to see more community based and volunteering opportunities available for young people to get involved with so that they can support others and to enable them to feel more part of their local communities. For example:‘Activities where young people become more invested in their communities through participation in social action/social justice and volunteering. 'Diversionary' is good but young people have plenty of avenue for entertainment - thing which would make them feel more like stakeholders, are intergenerational and taking pride in their area would decrease the likelihood of exploitation and reduce anti-social behaviour.’‘Community projects that would make them proud of their surrounding area.’‘Community projects- environmental, social and improving run down areas.’‘Community art and sports projects, volunteering at play schemes for younger children.’22 participants (11%) said that they would like to see more practical activities offered to young people that directly addressed their current or future needs. Specific activities mentioned included work experience, life skills, first aid, self-defence, meeting victims of crime and specific mentoring activities for boys with male role models. For example:‘Community courses to develop life skills.’‘First aid - something similar to the organisation 'street doctors' especially as so many young people feel worried about stabbings.’‘Groups where young adults can learn life skills and transferable work skills, Help young people engage with their community through events and programmes. Give them a sense of belonging and help them to feel valued in their community.’‘I think kids would get involved in maybe painting buildings or job experience to realise what the real world is like rather than going straight to crime.’‘Life skills that interest them- i.e. learning to fix up their bike or mechanics, cooking, survival skills, or work experience/ ways to earn some money that isn't illegal.’‘More detached work, positive activity programmes, work around positive peers, healthy relationships, understanding the stages of recruitment, work for both those vulnerable but also programmes for perpetrators/restorative justice concept.’‘Practical activities. mechanics, decorating, computing, helping in community.’‘Sport / music/creative activities where there is more male mentoring presence - I really think the lack of positive adult male role models to guide youngsters, especially young men, is a major issue.’21 participants (11%) said that they would like to see more creative activities available for young people. Specific activities mentioned included art, music, drama, singing, film and photography. For example:‘Music groups, dancing, singing groups …’‘Not sure, maybe … dance groups acting groups - something to keep them interested in something Drugs are a big worry here as well.’‘Photography, videography, music, mini festivals ..etc.’‘Drama / performing arts. Finding tools to create confidence within themselves and understand through drama and performing the impact of being a bully.’‘Music studios for some of these young people to go to instead of hanging around the streets.’12 participants (6%) said that they would like more environmental activities available for young people to take part in such as gardening, landscaping and litter picking. For example:‘Litter picking.’‘The sort of young people you refer to would not attend the youth groups available, like Scouts, Cadets etc. but time & resources should be available for just this group of young people to find out what interests & would involve that offending young person. Maybe one of these offenders’ interests would include landscaping & could be used to attend to an area that had become overgrown & covered in litter to make it more a pleasant area for others & create some pride of the area in the offender. This could possibly create a path to future employment but the investment in time & money has got to be up front.’‘Elderly and gardening.’11 participants (6%) said that young people should be asked what activities they wanted more of rather than suggested by themselves. For example:‘Ask young people what they would like to see more of. Traditional youth club will not attract the youths that need to be involved more.’8 participants (4%) mentioned specific groups and activities that they would like to see being offered to young people including Duke of Edinburgh Awards, Princes Trust, National Citizenship Service (NCS), scouts, cadets and TeenTalk. For example:‘Alternative education programmes such as The Prince's Trust Achieve programme that builds self-esteem, empowers independent learning, offers business and enterprise schemes. Opportunities to be part of local community initiatives to Foster a sense of belonging and achievement.’‘Group activities definitely encourage young people to interact constructively with their peers. … Groups that do community projects such as Duke of Edinburgh groups and the Scouts.’‘Teentalk positive project really good so keep that going.’8 participants (4%) said that they would like to see more inclusive activities being offered to young people so that they were accessible for all regardless of wealth, disability, sexuality, gender identity and race. Whilst one participant would like to see more intergenerational activities available. For example:‘I think there needs to be more 'no cost' sports facilities for young people to be able to do something constructive and get off the streets - so they are not so vulnerable. Boxing, martial arts, football etc. They also need to have places to go to, to express themselves - creatively - music, arts etc. There is a wide gap between families who can afford hobbies for their children.. and those vulnerable families where the children are left to hang out in groups/gangs...'getting up to mischief' on a low level like vandalism etc. which leads to higher level criminal activity - like drugs etc.’‘I would like to see more youth clubs / sports for both disabled and able bodied young people.’‘More activities involving the older generation. The youths have no respect for the elderly, or the lives they have led. If they got to realise these are valuable people, they might not behave the way they do.’‘More support for young people finding themselves such as LGBTQ community groups … these things will also help young people find a sense of belonging which is often what young people who are at risk of exploitation or engage in risky behaviour are looking for.’‘Chance for those from different communities to meet up. Not just "target" groups’‘More things that include people with disabilities.’6 participants (3%) said that they would like to see any activities being offered to young people. For example:‘Anything to keep them off the streets and out of trouble/ more youth clubs/sports clubs reparation work in the community.’‘Sport, youth clubs, hanging about with each other in the park, having fun, being allowed to make noise, playing music, riding bikes, gaming, uniform clubs, non-uniformed clubs, what every keeps them busy, happy and away from destructive adults.’3 participants (2%) would like to see more IT activities available for young people. Specific suggestions included an Internet café, gaming and computer clubs. For example:‘Non-sports related activity for those who aren't interested in sport … in my experience young people love playing computer games, perhaps computer clubs. I know the difficulties of setting these up - expense, lack of youth leaders etc. but you did ask.’18 participants (9%) made various other suggestions of and comments about activities they would like to see offered to young people. These included mindfulness, public speaking, faith based groups and military school. What impact do you think Covid-19 has had (or may still be having) on young people in relation to the issue of youth violence and gangs?One hundred and eighty-eight people answered this open question. Overall two thirds of respondents (n = 127, 68%) felt that that Covid-19 and the resulting school closures and social restrictions were having a negative impact on young people in relation to the issue of youth violence and gangs as it had increased their vulnerability. The top reasons they gave for this increased vulnerability, in order of popularity mentioned were:Causing and worsening mental health issues amongst children and young people due to social isolation and lack of daily structure and positive activities and role models (n = 70, 37%)Boredom, frustration and anger at having nothing to do and nowhere to go. Not even being able to have friends visit in their own homes. Greater rule breaking in order to socialise and increasing incidents of vandalism and drug use (n = 62, 33%)Young people increasingly taking part in online activities and the adaption of gangs and criminals to more hidden methods of recruiting and grooming young people (n = 22, 12%)Less adult supervision and monitoring (n = 17, 9%)At greater risk of domestic abuse when at home (n = 12, 6%)Nineteen respondents (10%) felt that Covid-19 had made no difference on young people in relation to the issue of youth violence and gangs, mainly because they said that they were still outside hanging around the streets.Fourteen respondents (7%) felt that Covid-19 had reduced the issue of youth violence and gangs as everyone had to stay indoors which made criminal activity easier to spot.Whilst 17 respondents (9%) said that they didn’t know what impact Covid-19 had on young people and the issue of youth violence and gangs.Where do you like to spend your time when you are not at home, work or school??n%Outdoors - including countryside, local parks, beaches and rivers6234Walking4626Socialising with friends / family4223Sporting activities, including team sports, swimming, running and cycling 3318Eating out - including pubs, restaurants and coffee shops2011Clubs / hobbies and educational activities179Shopping106Sightseeing and travelling74Nowhere at the moment53Library32Church21Any21Other - including computer games, TV and watching bands74Total180Who would you go to for help if you were a victim of youth violence??n%Parent4122Friend4725Teacher84Other family member3619Police14376Youth leader2513Helpline168Internet137Other 116Total189Is there anything else you want to say, or something you feel the violence and vulnerability unit should be thinking about in regards to their funding for next year?One hundred and nineteen participants took the opportunity to make further comments. Over half of which (n = 69, 58% of participants said that more support (and hence funding) should be offered to young people and their families preferably through existing organisations with proven track records to address their needs. These included offering mental health support, activities and youth services, work with victims of youth crime and domestic abuse, as well as potential, current and former gang members, information for parents on identifying issues. Early intervention, provided by non- judgemental services was generally felt to be the right approach to tackling this issue such as by offering opportunities to young people through education and apprenticeships and so be more involved and valued in society rather than criminalising them. For example:‘As a retired nurse and spent many hours talking with young people , they want a job opportunity to good education and apprenticeships most of them anyway. I fear that the last year could have a negative impact on many young people as deprived of so many things as we all are but tough on the ones coming up to leaving school . Need support and talks in school able drugs and violence from outside but the support to be there too. A huge challenge!’‘Additional support at both early intervention level, and much more support for those at serious risk of or involvement in gangs /county lines /offending behaviour/ violence /exploitation.’‘Awareness sessions for young people, parents and wider community.’‘Ensure support services are available for those at risk of or facing violence and vulnerability. The services need to be accessible to all and not be a time limited service to enable maximum options for engagement.’‘I think police working with more smaller charities to break down police stereotypes so young people become more happy to speak to police .... more funding for police to work with small charities.’‘I would like to see interventions much earlier. At the point of a reachable moment, harm has already been caused. I would like to see more focus on the background of these individuals to understand the contributing factors such as poverty, poor maternal education, English as second language etc. and help offered through health visitors, schools and social care from birth.’‘I would suggest that funding is directed to organisations/youth clubs/charities that are already successfully working with young people. There are many good initiatives that with further funding could make a real difference to young people. Youth clubs need volunteers more than they need funds. More people willing to invest time with young people would be helpful. More accessible sports and recreational facilities. Older people need a better understanding of issues affecting young people today. I recently did a Webinar on Safeguarding in a Desensitized World. The place where our young people live is totally unregulated - the mobile phone. Train more people to understand why young people feel the need to live the way they do. Why they want to carry a knife or be part of a gang! They want identity, to feel valued, to feel special and have purpose. Put funding into helping to make that happen with organisations who have experience of making this happen for young people.’‘More charities could use the help of funding to raise awareness, provide a safe place to go or to fund workers that can help tackle the deep-rooted issues behind youth gangs and violence.’‘More parental involvement, signs to look for, help and quick intervention, more public involvement.’‘To spend funding so young people can visit clubs for free without worrying about money. A place they can feel safe but actually learn how to manage emotions and understand the impact on others.’Other participants reiterated earlier comments on the need for more police (n = 9, 8%), the greater enforcement of crimes especially petty crimes (n = 7, 6%) and tackling drugs (n =2, 2 %) as well as the need for more street lighting (n = 4, 3%) and CCTV (n = 3, 3%). For example:‘Bring back police stations in local towns. It appears that crime has shot up since no police stations in local towns.’‘CCTV and better street lighting is imperative. More police presence in "hot spots" not just during the day, but at night too. Making it easier to report crimes without waiting on the line for over an hour to 101.’‘I think that the amount of children aged 12-18 that take drugs/substances are immense. I understand it’s difficult to control such an issue but I think drugs/substances have a large impact on violence and abuse.’Fourteen participants (12%) made a variety of other comments including the need for fun activities to get young people to participate, the need to address the underlying reasons for youth violence and don’t just criminalise it, the need to block social media access whilst in schools, to understand that youth violence occurs even in ‘nice’ areas, and the need to tackle isolation and boredom for all not just perpetrators.Whilst 7 participants (6%) said that they either didn’t know, had nothing further to add or felt the question wasn’t applicable to them.Finally, 3 participants (3%) felt that young people should be consulted and involved in work to address the issue of youth violence and gangs. As one participant pointed out, if young people aren’t listened to and action not taken based on what they say then nothing will change. For example:‘It is easy to send out things like this and when good suggestions are made it just gets pushed about for a year in the Think Tank and no one actually does anything concrete or substantial to make positive change. Young people need a safe and engaging place to hang out so they do not stand on street corners which might be innocent but feels threatening in numbers. They need guidance but in a friendly, non- judgemental way not parent or teacher like as this will not engage them. They need to feel heard that their voices matter or nothing will change. Investment in such projects need to be a priority or not much will change sadly!’Discussion of key findingsYouth violence still considered to be a serious issue in EssexIn 2020 the Youth Voices project findings 75% of young people said that youth violence was an issue in Essex, with young people in Southend (100%), Tendring (95%), Uttlesford (86%) and Basildon (85%) particularly feeling that it was an issue. In this year’s listening exercises, 95% of young people and 96% of the wider community said that young people being violent towards other people and property was an issue in Essex. So youth violence appears to be an issue of growing concern in Essex amongst both young people and the wider public.Further, nearly half of young people (47%) in the youth listening project and over half of the wider community (55%) in the community listening project thought that young people being violent towards people or property is a serious issue in Essex. Additional work would need to be carried out to identify particular problem areas.Younger people especially thought that youth violence was an issue compared to older groups with 76% of respondents aged 10-17 years in the community listening project saying so compared to 55% overall.However, 75% of young people and 84% of the wider community said that they had NOT been a victim of youth violence or as the result of a youth gang, and only one young person said that they had been a perpetrator.Main concerns about youth violenceBeing stabbed still appears to be the main concern that young people (53%) and the wider community (43%) have about youth violence. Although one quarter of youth groups also mentioned concerns about being attacked with guns and other weapons including acid. However, knives were viewed as the easiest weapon to access and conceal and a number of participants in both listening exercises said that young people, even those not in gangs, were being encouraged to carry knives for ‘protection’. ‘Knife crime is a huge concern as many young people now feel they have to carry knives or weapons for their own safety even if they are not actively being exploited or involved with county lines or gangs through fear they will become a victim to others.’‘Yes, it’s easy to access, conceal and carry a blade.’‘Some young people say they carry a knife to protect themselves, not to plan to cause harm to someone else.’However, participants had a number of other concerns about youth violence with one third of youth groups (n = 6) each saying that they were concerned about intimidating behaviour from groups of other young people, being robbed or mugged and being physically assaulted. Whilst the wider community were also concerned about rising gang culture including county lines (30%), or intimidating groups of young people (24%) hanging about on the streets being committing acts of vandalism and anti-social behaviour.‘I don’t always feel safe going out. Youths seem to go about in groups and can be very intimidating. We have had youths threatening people for their phones or bikes or money and causing vandalism. They don’t seem to respect or care.’A few participants in the wider community listening exercise (6%) also expressed concerns about the negative views the wider community had towards young people, feeling that they were being stereotyped and judged unfairly because of the actions of a minority. ‘My main concerns around youth are the negative views that many have towards them. I think they get scapegoated and incredibly judged.’‘I’m worried that … we’ll miss out on opportunities because people will think we’re violent …’Need for early intervention to address the causes of youth violence All participants appeared aware of the causes of youth violence raising concerns about young people escaping abusive behaviour at home, cuts to youth service funding, poverty and lack of opportunities, lack of accessible activities for young people to take part in and the growing county lines criminal activity that specifically targets young people. Many of whom felt that the Covid-19 pandemic had exacerbated these issues.Participants felt that remedial action was too late, rather measures were needed to prevent young people participating in criminal activities in the first place. They felt that these measures should take a whole family if not community approach rather than just being targeted at the most vulnerable. ‘I would like to see interventions much earlier. At the point of a reachable moment harm has already been caused.’‘Awareness sessions for young people. Parents and wider community.’Specific youth violence prevention initiativesParticipants described a number of different violence prevention initiatives both educational and project based with the aim of both raising awareness among and involving young people so that they feel informed, involved and valued as part of their local community. Two thirds of youth groups (n = 13) and over half of the wider community (58%) would like more education around gangs and youth violence, with talks from former gang members, the police and victims of crime on the impact of violence, and the signs of being a gang member for families.And More activities and opportunities for young people including:Youth clubs (11 groups & 32% of wider community)Sports clubs (7 youth groups & 30% of wider community)Life skills or work experience (7 groups & 11% of wider community)Involvement in community-based projects and volunteering (23% of wider community). ‘As a youth worker … I am concerned that young people … may not feel safe in their community. There needs to be a big increase in activities, youth clubs, projects and initiatives that engage young people and make them feel valuable. Too many young people are struggling for identity, to be popular and feel that the only way they can be somebody is to be aggressive or violent. Young people need to feel valued and special and have purpose.’Other initiatives to make people feel saferParticipants in both listening projects praised the use of knife bins but also felt that what would make them feel safer from youth violence were, in order of popularity mentioned:Better street lightingVisible policing and enforcementGreater use of CCTVBetter street lightingIn the 2020 Youth Voices project poor street lighting was one of the main concerns for young people and the reason that they felt unsafe in their community. This was still a main concern this year as 86% of young people and 55% of the wider community said that poor street lighting made them feel unsafe in their community. Participants said that better street lighting would make them feel safe, with streets lights to remain on all night and alley ways and other dark areas better lit.‘The lack of street lighting from midnight has had a marked effect on the whole community, including the youth. Most no longer feel safe going out in the dark.’‘Poor street lighting can create increased areas of risk for young people and adults alike – increases the opportunity of street crime and violence as [there are] areas that perpetrators can hide.’‘Lighting in alleyways in particular…’Visible policing and enforcementNearly half of young people (9 youth groups) and almost one quarter of the wider community (23%) want more visible policing especially where either groups of young people or gangs undertaking criminal activities are hanging out.‘More police presence and a community-based office – to both feel safe and as a deterrent to crime.’‘More of a police presence is needed to disperse groups of young people.’‘More visible presence of police, community wardens, PSCOs etc. in those areas where young people are present and congregate would help, especially in the early evening.’A few participants also suggested that more interaction between the police and the local community especially with youth groups was needed so that they could get to know each other. For example, whilst 76% of the wider community said that they would go to the police for help and support if they were a victim of youth violence only 27% of young people said that they would. ‘I think police working with more smaller charities to break down police stereotypes so young people become more happy to speak to police…’‘Better community engagement between police officers and young people. Police officers need to be involved in youth clubs and school projects so young people can see the human side of the police rather than feeling that they are a threat.’To make people feel safer greater enforcement of criminal activity was wanted for both serious and petty crimes.‘There should be a zero tolerance of all offences with real consequences that are personally “costly”, are relevant to the victim & so force “them” to have to reflect on the damage they have caused. The law-abiding public have got to see this in action to enable them to feel secure & encourage the feeling that it is worth reporting/feeding back on crimes witnessed.’Greater use of CCTVA few participants in both listening exercises said that great use of CCTV (5 youth groups & 3% of wider community) would act as a deterrent to young people committing crimes in public places.Safe places for young people When asked what they liked to do, the top two answers given by young people was that they wanted to be outdoors (32%) and socialising with their friends (28%). However, both young people and the wider community stated repeatedly throughout the listening projects that groups of young people hanging out on the streets were intimidating even if they weren’t causing any trouble. Over half of youth groups (n = 11) and nearly one third of the wider community (32%) spoke of the need for safe indoor or outdoor spaces where young people could socialise with their friends without being judged or upsetting the local community. As one youth group pointed out outdoor spaces would also need shelters to protect them from the elements.‘Indoor spaces where they can hang out in groups and not be judged …’‘Safe spaces for young people to hang out so we’re not outside in the dark …’‘Spaces young people feel able to congregate – safe spaces including parks and indoor centres such as youth centres.’Impact of Covid-19 Almost all youth groups (n= 18) and two thirds of the wider community (68%) felt that Covid-19 had increased the vulnerability of young people to violence and exploitation. They said that Covid-19 had increased young people’s isolation, frustration and boredom due to school and club closures as well as social restrictions causing an increase in mental health issues coupled with greater online activity and a lack of adult supervision and monitoring. This meant that young people were more likely to break the rules and hang out on the streets which was potentially unsafe.‘My main concern is safe spaces for young people to spend time when outside of school. There are so few youth centres or clubs that can be accessed, especially during the Covid crisis. It’s pushing young people to unregulated places where they are more open to violence and exploitation.’Schools are now back open and lockdown is slowly easing which should result in existing youth and sports clubs and activities being available from the summer of 2021 onwards. However, the increase in mental health issues amongst young people needs addressing. Participants in 7 youth groups said that Covid-19 had impacted their mental health and 37% of the wider community said that the pandemic had increased mental health issues amongst children and young people. Two youth groups wanted improvements in mental health support for young people, whilst. Specific mental health issues mentioned by both listening exercises included anxiety and depression.The issue of online ‘hidden’ crime requires further investigation, as a few participants (2 youth groups and 12% of wider community) suggested that gangs have adapted their methods to suit the circumstances.‘Support around exploitation, perpetrators are clever and adapt to obstacles. COVID has pushed this out of sight but it still exists, young people are still vulnerable and at risk, the organisations that do exist need the opportunity to continue that work post-COVID as an established support team.’More activities and opportunities for young people wantedWhen asked to describe what activities young people wanted participants from both listening exercises gave very similar examples, which were:Sports centres and clubs offering a range of team and individual sports and physical activities such as dancing (18 youth groups & 30% of wider community)Youth clubs or indoor/outdoor safe places to socialise with friends (13 youth groups & 32% of wider community)Creative activities including art, drama, singing, photography, videography, music studio / DJing etc. (9 youth groups & 11% of wider community)Community-based activities including volunteering and environmental activities such as gardening (7 youth groups & 23% of wider community)Practical activities teaching them life skills such as financial management, first aid, cooking, self-defence, mechanics etc. and work experience (7 youth groups & 11% of wider community)Internet cafes, gaming and computer clubs (2 youth groups & 2% of wider community)Activities need to be accessible and inclusiveParticipants (6% of wider community) felt it was important was that there should be a range of activities available to suit all interests based on young people’s views. They thought that the activities offered should be inclusive and accessible to all to encourage a greater sense of community (4% of wider community). Participants felt that young people shouldn’t be excluded from activities due to the cost of either the activity or additional equipment (1 youth group), or their disability (3 youth groups), sexuality, gender identity and race. ‘Outdoor organised sports but not competitive so anyone can turn up and play. Inclusive for all regardless of ability and no equipment / clothing required.’‘These activities need to be free to users or they will not attract the children and young people who are at risk of offending.’‘More things that include people with disabilities.’‘More support for young people finding themselves such as LGBTQ community groups.’One participant felt that intergenerational activities should be offered to break down barriers between the generations and their negative perceptions of each other.‘More activities involving the older generation. The youths have no respect for the elderly or the lives they have led. If they got to realise these are valuable people they might not behave the way they do.’A variety of support needed to tackle youth violence in EssexParticipants (18 youth groups & 58% of the wider community) felt that more support is needed to address the issue of youth violence in Essex. They suggested a number of different initiatives:Youth violence and gang education and awareness raising workKnife binsTargeted youth work with the most vulnerable to exploitationSafe places for young people to socialise with othersMore clubs, activities and opportunities for young people including self-defence and first aidSupport for victims of crimeMore visible policingBetter street lightingMore CCTV More provision of young people’s mental health services. Work to be carried out by existing organisationsA few participants in the wider community listening project made the point that work to reduce youth violence should be carried out by existing, local youth organisations with a proven track record in successfully working with young people rather than funding anything new.‘I would suggest that funding is directed to organisations, youth clubs or charities that are already successfully working with young people. There are many good initiatives that with further funding could make a real difference to young people … train more people to understand why young people feel the need to live the way they do. Why they want to carry a knife or be part of a gang. They want identity, to feel valued, to feel special and have purpose. Put funding into helping to make that happened with organisations who have experience of making this happen for young people.’ ‘Local community groups - supporting these - already working in communities and know their local young people.’Funding support requiredParticipants (18%) in the wider community listening exercise pointed out that funding is required to support their suggested measures to reduce youth violence.‘To spend funding so young people can visit clubs for free without worrying about money.’ ‘More charities could use the help of funding to raise awareness, provide a safe space to go or fund workers that can help tackle the deep-rooted issues behind youth gangs and violence.’‘Funding street based youth work, so youth workers can be more visible/ more of a presence in the community.’‘Funding for intervention programmes to raise awareness.’ConclusionThe listening exercises show that causes of youth violence are complex and that concerns are growing. The impact of Covid-19 far from driving young people and gangs off the streets appears to have made young people more likely to break the law in order to see their friends. Whilst the resulting isolation, boredom, frustration and anger has increased mental health issues. All of which has made young people more vulnerable to youth violence and exploitation. Young people’s main concerns about youth violence have not changed since last year’s survey. The addition of this year’s wider community listening project shows that it is in broad agreement with the concerns young people have about youth violence. The issue of hidden exploitation, with gangs having adapted their methods due to Covid-19 restrictions and are possibly now targeting young people online more requires further investigation.To tackle youth violence a range of initiatives are needed - both preventative and remedial aimed at different groups such as the most at risk of violence and exploitation, all young people and the wider community. Suggestions from the listening projects include education and awareness raising of the issues to young people, parents and the wider public, more knife bins, targeted youth work with the most vulnerable to exploitation, safe places for all young people to socialise, more accessible and inclusive clubs, activities and opportunities for all young people based on what they want, support for victims of crime, more visible policing, better street lighting, more CCTV and greater provision of mental health support for young people. Funding is required to provide and support these initiatives. Whilst greater cross organisation working between the police and providers of youth services including schools and with parents is needed to ensure that young people are communicated with and about and so kept safe.RecommendationsFurther research to identify specific areas where youth violence is a serious issueFurther research to identify the incidence and prevalence of ‘hidden’ online criminal exploitation of young peopleIncreased mental health support for young peoplePrioritisation of the Covid-19 secure re-opening of youth clubs and groups to enable them to socialise safelyMore safe indoor and outdoor spaces for young people where they can socialise More accessible (free) and inclusive sporting, creative and other clubs for young people More opportunities for young people to learn life skills, participate in community based or volunteering projects and undertake work experienceIntergenerational work to break down barriers and negative perceptions between young and older peoplePromotion of work of VVU and ECYS to raise public awareness and understanding about youth violenceWork with young people and the their families to raise awareness of youth violenceGreater communication and contact between the police, youth groups and schools to promote trust and respectContinued roll out of knife bins initiativeTargeted youth work aimed at those young people most at risk of exploitationSupport for victims of youth violenceMore visible policing and law enforcementImproved street lighting – increased hours and locationsMore use of CCTV to deter criminalsMore funding for existing organisations including the police, local authorities, mental health services and youth organisations to carry out these recommendations. ................
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