Study Guide: The 1920s, The Great Depression, and The New ...

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Study Guide: The 1920s, The Great Depression, and The New Deal

Part A: Important Terms: Instructions: On a separate sheet of paper, explain the historical significance of each term below. Write at least one complete sentence per term.

1. Warren G. Harding

2. Albert Fall 3. The Teapot

Dome Scandal 4. Trickledown

Economics 5. Charles Darwin 6. John Scopes 7. William Jennings

Bryan 8. Calvin Coolidge 9. Fundamentalists 10. Modernists 11. Secularists 12. Route 66 13. Urbanization 14. Art Deco 15. Charles

Lindbergh

16. Amelia Earhart 17. Prohibition 18. The 18th

Amendment 19. Bootleggers 20. Speakeasies 21. Al Capone 22. Women's

Christian Temperance Union 23. Frances Willard 24. Flappers 25. Jazz 26. Babe Ruth 27. The Great Gatsby 28. The Great Migration 29. The Harlem Renaissance 30. Credit

31. The Stock Market Crash of 1929

32. The Dow Jones Industry Average

33. Bear Market 34. Bull Market 35. Buying on Margin 36. Herbert Hoover 37. The Hawley-

Smoot Tariff 38. The Dustbowl 39. Wright Patman

Bill 40. Bonus Army 41. Franklin Delano

Roosevelt 42. Tennessee

Valley Authority 43. Civilian

Conservation Corps 44. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 45. The 21st Amendment

46. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration

47. Hugo Black 48. The Social

Security Act 49. Mary Bethune 50. Eleanor

Roosevelt 51. The Grapes of

Wrath 52. The Wagner Act 53. Clarence Darrow 54. "The Ohio Gang" 55. The Holland

Tunnel

Part B: Open Response: Instructions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below. Write at least one paragraph per question.

1. What was entertainment like in the culture of the USA in the 1920s and the 1930s? Explain what types of entertainment people pursued during this era.

2. What was Prohibition? How did it impact American society? Was it successful? Explain.

3. What was the "Scopes Monkey Trial" about? Who were some important groups and individuals involved in the incident? What was the result of the trial?

4. How was President Hoover's approach with the Great Depression different from Franklin Delano Roosevelt's approach? What criticisms did Hoover face for his tactics? What criticisms did FDR face for his tactics?

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ANSWERS:

Study Guide: The 1920s, The Great Depression, and The New Deal

Part A: Important Terms: Instructions: On a separate sheet of paper, explain the historical significance of each term below. Use at least one complete sentence per term.

1. Warren G. Harding: He was a Republican President who saw his reputation tarnished by the Teapot Dome Scandal.

2. Albert Fall: He was the Secretary of Interior and involved in the Teapot Dome Scandal:

3. The Teapot Dome Scandal: In this scandal, oil rich lands set aside for government use were bought by private companies.

4. Trickledown Economics: This is an economic theory that, if you do not put burdensome taxes on the wealthy, their money will "trickle down" through job creation.

5. Charles Darwin: He developed the theory of evolution.

6. John Scopes: He taught evolution in a public school in Tennessee and had to go to court for doing so.

7. William Jennings Bryan: He was the prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey Trial.

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16. Amelia Earhart: She was a famous female pilot that tragically went missing.

17. Prohibition: This is the banning of alcohol.

18. The 18th Amendment: This made prohibition law.

19. Bootleggers: These were individuals who illegally sold alcohol.

20. Speakeasies: These were clubs that illegally sold alcohol.

21. Al Capone: He was a gangster who made millions selling alcohol.

22. Women's Christian Temperance Union: This was a group that supported Prohibition.

23. Frances Willard: This woman fought to make Prohibition law.

24. Flappers: These were women who challenged the cultural norms for women in the 1920s.

25. Jazz: This is a form of genre of

31. The Stock Market Crash of 1929: Known as Black Tuesday, many stocks dropped on this day and many lost millions.

32. The Dow Jones Industry Average: This is a stock market index of powerful companies in the USA.

33. Bear Market: This is when stocks are dropping in value.

34. Bull Market: This when stocks are climbing in value.

35. Buying on Margin: This is when a person borrows money to buy stocks.

36. Herbert Hoover: He was President when the Great Depression began.

37. The HawleySmoot Tariff: This was a tariff to protect American businesses that actually just made the economy worse.

38. The Dustbowl: This was a weather catastrophe partially caused by over farming.

46. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration: This entity provided direct relief to the poor, elderly, and disabled.

47. Hugo Black: He was a Supreme Court justice appointed by FDR.

48. The Social Security Act: This is a government managed retirement system.

49. Mary Bethune: She was an African American who served with FDR.

50. Eleanor Roosevelt: She was the wife of FDR.

51. The Grapes of Wrath: This was a novel by John Steinbeck depicting a family living in the Great Depression.

52. The Wagner Act: This act made unions legal.

53. Clarence Darrow: He was the defense attorney in the Scopes Trial.

54. "The Ohio Gang": This was a group of men who influenced All Rights Reserved.

8. Calvin Coolidge: He became President when Warren G. Harding died.

9. Fundamentalists: This is a branch in Christianity that believes in a rigid interpretation of the Bible.

10. Modernists: This group believed evolution was compatible with evolution.

11. Secularists: This group rejected religion and believed evolution was not compatible with the Bible.

12. Route 66: This is a famous highway stretching from Los Angeles to Chicago.

13. Urbanization: This is the mass migration of people to cities.

14. Art Deco: This was an architectural style used in the 1920s on buildings like the Chrysler Building.

15. Charles Lindbergh: He was the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic.

music that became popular in the 1920s and 1930s. 26. Babe Ruth: He was a famous baseball player in the 1920s. 27. The Great Gatsby: This was a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald about a wealthy bootlegger. 28. The Great Migration: This was the massive movement of African Americans out of the South and into urban areas of the North. 29. The Harlem Renaissance: This was a cultural movement of poetry, music, art, and other features in the African American community in the 1920s. 30. Credit: This is the practice of borrowing money to purchase items and pay back the creditor later.

39. Wright Patman Bill: This bill tried to pay WW I veterans a bonus immediately.

40. Bonus Army: This was a group of WW I veterans who marched on Washington D.C. demanding more compensation.

41. Franklin Delano Roosevelt: He was elected in 1932 as President and started the New Deal.

42. Tennessee Valley Authority: This New Deal entity built infrastructure to bring electricity to Tennessee.

43. Civilian Conservation Corps: This entity planted trees to prevent a future Dustbowl.

44. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: This group helped guarantee a certain amount of money in the bank for those who had accounts.

45. The 21st Amendment: This ended Prohibition.

President Harding and many claimed they were corrupt. 55. The Holland Tunnel: This underwater tunnel connected New York to New Jersey.

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Part B: Open Response: Instructions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below. Write at least one paragraph per question.

1. What was entertainment like in the culture of the USA in the 1920s and the 1930s? Explain what types of entertainment people pursued during this era. By the 1920s, the number of Americans attending high school greatly increased. Also in this decade, the more educated population heavily consumed newspapers and magazines. Radio was the most dominant form of media in the 1920s and 1930s. Jazz music and dance marathons were common. Also in this era, sports became very popular. Baseball in particular drew large crowds with famous athletes like New York Yankees player Babe Ruth. In the late 1920s, motion pictures began to be released with sound. Even animated movies, like those released by Walt Disney, added sound. By the 1930s, movies remained very popular, despite the economic hardship of the Great Depression. Many used the movies as an escape from the problems of life.

2. What was Prohibition? How did it impact American society? Was it successful? Explain.

Prohibition was the attempt of the government to outlaw the selling of alcohol. Many women, such as Frances Willard, supported the cause and believed it would help stop spouse abuse and other negative effects of alcohol abuse. The 18th Amendment made Prohibition law. However, it did not have the effect many had hoped it would have. Mob gangsters, such as Al Capone, rose up and sold alcohol illegally. Also, bootleggers arose, these were individuals who sold alcohol illegally as well. Therefore, the movement ironically increased crime and did not stop people from consuming alcohol. Eventually, the 21st Amendment ended Prohibition and it was allowed to be sold again in the USA.

3. What was the "Scopes Monkey Trial" about? Who were some important groups and individuals involved in the incident? What was the result of the trial? In Tennessee, the Fundamentalists culture developed a policy in which it was illegal to teach evolution in public schools. John Scopes broke this law and taught evolution anyway. He had to go to trial for doing so. Clarence Darrow defended him against the prosecutor, William Jennings Bryan. Scopes actually lost the trial and was fined $100.00. However, the trial raised the issue of teaching evolution in public schools to national attention. Today, evolution is taught in schools.

4. How was President Hoover's approach with the Great Depression different from Franklin Delano Roosevelt's approach? What criticisms did Hoover face for his tactics? What criticisms did FDR face for his tactics? President Herbert Hoover, a Republican, was elected in 1928. The Great Depression began under his watch. As the stock market crashed, banks closed, and other economic problems arose, Hoover was very cautious to get the government involved. He wanted the depression to end, but he felt the best course of action was to get the government out the way and let the private market work itself out of the depression. Hoover feared that, if the government provided direct relief, people would become dependent on the government. He also feared taxes would go too high, if the government made many programs to intervene. Hoover was criticized for not doing more and many asserted his hands off approach had failed. In the election of 1932, FDR, a Democrat, defeated Hoover for the Presidency. FDR took an approach that was the complete opposite of Hoover's approach. He wanted the government to be directly involved in trying to fix the economy. For instance, he wanted to use taxpayer money to pay for programs, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority. The TVA paid unemployed men to help build dams and other structures to bring electricity to Tennessee. This meant the government was trying to create jobs for those who needed them. FDR also wanted to use tax payer money to provide direct relief to the poor and needy. Many argued FDR's approach gave the government too much power and raised taxes too high.

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