Interactive Reader and Study Guide

Interactive Reader and Study Guide

Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston

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ISBN 0-03-092477-4

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Contents

CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Life Science

SECTION 1 Asking About Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SECTION 2 Scientific Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SECTION 3 Tools and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SECTION 4 Scientific Models and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . 19 SECTION 5 Safety in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

CHAPTER 2 It's Alive!! Or Is It?

SECTION 1 Characteristics of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 SECTION 2 The Necessities of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

CHAPTER 3 Light and Living Things

SECTION 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SECTION 2 Interactions of Light with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SECTION 3 Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

CHAPTER 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life

SECTION 1 The Characteristics of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 SECTION 2 Eukaryotic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 SECTION 3 The Organization of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . 69

CHAPTER 5 The Cell in Action

SECTION 1 Cell Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 SECTION 2 The Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

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Interactive Reader and Study Guide

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Contents

CHAPTER 6 Heredity

SECTION 1 Mendel and His Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 SECTION 2 Traits and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 SECTION 3 Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

CHAPTER 7 Genes and DNA

SECTION 1 What Does DNA Look Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 SECTION 2 How DNA Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

CHAPTER 8 Studying Earth's Past

SECTION 1 The Study of Earth's History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 SECTION 2 Relative Dating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 SECTION 3 Absolute Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

CHAPTER 9 The History of Life on Earth

SECTION 1 Looking at Fossils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 SECTION 2 Earth's Changing Continents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 SECTION 3 Time Marches On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

CHAPTER 10 The Evolution of Living Things

SECTION 1 Change Over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 SECTION 2 How Does Evolution Happen? . . . . . . . . . . . 150 SECTION 3 Natural Selection in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

CHAPTER 11 Classification

SECTION 1 Sorting It All Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 SECTION 2 Domains and Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

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Interactive Reader and Study Guide

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Contents

CHAPTER 12 Introduction to Plants

SECTION 1 What Is a Plant? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 SECTION 2 Seedless Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 SECTION 3 Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 SECTION 4 Structures of Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

CHAPTER 13 Plant Processes

SECTION 1 Photosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 SECTION 2 Reproduction of Flowering Plants. . . . . . . . . . 198 SECTION 3 Plant Development and Responses. . . . . . . . 202

CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Animals

SECTION 1 What Is an Animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 SECTION 2 The Animal Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 SECTION 3 Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SECTION 4 Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

CHAPTER 15 Body Organization and Structure

SECTION 1 Body Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 SECTION 2 The Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 SECTION 3 The Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

CHAPTER 16 Circulation and Respiration

SECTION 1 The Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 SECTION 2 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 SECTION 3 The Respiratory System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

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Contents

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