Chemistry Review Unit V (States of Matter)



Chemistry Review Unit V (States of Matter)

Barometer/Thermometer

Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Phase Changes

Vapor Pressure, Atmospheric Pressure and Boiling Point

Boyle's Law (pV = constant)

Charles' Law (V/T = constant)

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures (p = p1 + p2 + ... + pn) and Graham's Law

Mixed Gas Problems (pV/T = constant)

Barometer/Thermometer

__ 1) The material used for barometers is mercury because of its

a) heat capacity

b) density

c) conductivity

d) color

__ 2) The temperature of an object measures the

a) heat content of the object

b) number of calories released by the object

c) average kinetic energy of its particles

d) energy stored in the bonds of the object

__ 3) The boiling point of water at 1 atm is

a) 100 K, 373 oC

b) 373 K, 100 oC

c) 100 K, 100 oC

d) 212 K, 212 oC

__ 4) The freezing point of pure water on the Celsius scale is

a) 273 oC

b) 100 oC

c) 32 oC

d) 0 oC

__ 5) A device used to measure the pressure exerted by a gas is called a

a) manometer

b) thermometer

c) spectrometer

d) calorimeter

Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

__ 6) In order to melt ice,

a) crystals must be formed

b) the temperature must be greater than 5 oC

c) heat must be removed

d) heat must be added

__ 7) Particles in a crystal

a) cannot move from place to place

b) are not arranged in an orderly manner

c) melt over a temperature range

d) are free to move from place to place

__ 8) A material that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container is a

a) gas

b) vapor

c) solid

d) liquid

__ 9) What evidence is there to show that the particles in a liquid are not held together as tightly as those of a solid?

a) a liquid takes the shape of its container

b) the temperature distribution in a liquid is uneven

c) all molecules in a liquid have the same kinetic energy

d) all molecules in a liquid have the same speed

__ 10) What evidence shows that the particles in a liquid have different amounts of energy?

a) the density inside a liquid increases from top to bottom

b) only some particles evaporate below the boiling point

c) the pressure inside a liquid decreases from top to bottom

d) there is no spontaneous formation of crystals

Kinetic Theory of Gases

__ 11) As the temperature of a gas increases, the kinetic energy of its particles

a) decreases

b) increases

c) stays the same

d) varies wildly

__ 12) As the temperature of a gas is decreased, the velocity of its particles

a) decreases

b) increases

c) stays the same

d) varies wildly

__ 13) The kinetic theory states that

a) gas particles orbit one another

b) gas particles attract each other

c) all gas particles are in curved-lined motion

d) all gas particles are in straight-lined motion

__ 14) The distance between molecules of an ideal gas compared to the diameter of the molecules is

a) very big

b) very small

c) about the same

__ 15) The total kinetic energy of a gas is its

a) heat

b) temperature

c) pressure

d) density

Phase Changes — see graph below for #16 - 20

__ 16) The temperatute T2 is the temperature at which the substance

a) vaporizes

b) sublimes

c) boils

d) melts

__ 17) The substance begins to boil at the time labeled

a) m4

b) m3

c) m2

d) m1

__ 18) The portion of the curve labeled C represents the time during which the substance is

a) being warmed as a liquid

b) changing from liquid to gas at its boiling temperature

c) being warmed as a solid

d) changing from solid to liquid at its melting temperature

__ 19) Which portions of the diagram contain molecules in two different phases?

a) A and B

b) B and E

c) A and D

d) B and D

__ 20) The molecules of this substance are all in the liquid phase in portion

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

Vapor Pressure, Atmospheric Pressure and Boiling Point

__ 21) Which liquid has the highest boiling point?

a) ethyl ether

b) ethanol

c) water

__ 22) Which liquid has the lowest vapor pressure?

a) ethyl ether

b) ethanol

c) water

__ 23) The temperature at which a liquid forms vapor bubbles anywhere within the liquid is the

a) melting temperature

b) sublimation temperature

c) boiling temperature

d) freezing temperature

__ 24) The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the prevailing atmospheric pressure is the

a) melting temperature

b) sublimation temperature

c) boiling temperature

d) freezing temperature

__ 25) Water boils

a) only at 100 oC

b) only when the vapor pressure is 1.0 atm

c) above 100 oC at high elevations

d) when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure

Boyle's Law (pV = constant)

__ 26) What pressure is required to convert 200.0 ml of a gas at STP to 400.0 ml without any temperature change?

a) 1 atm

b) 0.5 atm

c) 2 atm

d) 4 atm

__ 27) What pressure will be necessary to compress 2.0 liters of a gas at 1 atmosphere pressure to a volume of 0.50 liters if the temperature remains constant?

a) 1 atm

b) 0.5 atm

c) 2 atm

d) 4 atm

__ 28) What is the pressure in atm required to reduce the volume of a gas from 400 ml at 250 atm to 250 ml with the temperature remaining constant?

a) 150

b) 250

c) 400

d) 650

__ 29) A sample of hydrogen has a volume of 1.0 liter at a pressure of 101.3 kPa. If the temperature is kept constant and the pressure is raised to 120.0 kPa, the new volume (in liters) will be

a) 101.3/120.0

b) 120.0/101.3

c) 120.0 + 101.3

d) 120.0 - 101.3

__ 30) A gas sample occupies 10 ml at 1.0 atm pressure. If the volume changes to 20 ml and the temperature remains constant, the pressure will be

a) 1.0 atm

b) 2.0 atm

c) 0.50 atm

d) 0.25 atm

Charles' Law (V/T = constant)

__ 31) When 500 ml of hydrogen gas is heated from 30 oC to 60 oC at constant pressure, the

volume of the gas at 60 oC is equal to

a) 500 ml x (213/243)

b) 500 ml x (243/213)

c) 500 ml x (333/303)

d) 500 ml x (303/333)

__ 32) At constant pressure, which curve best shows the relationship between the volume of an

ideal gas and its absolute temperature?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

__ 33) The temperature of a 180-ml sample of gas is decreased from

400 K to 200 K, pressure remaining constant. The new volume of the gas is

a) 90 ml

b) 126 ml

c) 273 ml

d) 360 ml

__ 34) The volume of a gas is 400 ml at -20oC. If the pressure is held constant and the

temperature changed to 40 oC, the final volume will be 400 ml multiplied by

a) 293/313

b) 313/293

c) 253/313

d) 313/253

__ 35) The volume of a sample of gas at 0oC is 100 liters. If the volume is increased to 200 liters at constant pressure, what is the new temperature?

a) 0 K

b) 100 K

c) 273 K

d) 546 K

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures (p = p1 + p2 + ... + pn) and Graham's Law

__ 36) A bottle of seltzer water CO2 (aq) is heated to 40 oC. The pressure of the gas phase

above is measured to be 140.3 kPa. What is the pressure of CO2 (g)? (use Ref. Table H)

a) 145.0 kPa

b) 140.0 kPa

c) 135.0 kPa

d) 101.3 kPa

__ 37) A sealed flask contains a mixture of 1.0 mol of N2 (g) and 2.0 mol of O2 (g) at 25 oC. If the total pressure of this gas mixture is 6.0 atmospheres, what is the partial pressure of N2 (g)?

a) 6.0 atm

b) 2.0 atm

c) 3.0 atm

d) 9.0 atm

__ 38) At a given temperature, which of the following gas molecules moves the fastest?

a) H2

b) He

c) CH4

d) NH3

__ 39) Molecules of different gases at the same temperature have the same

a) molecular mass

b) average kinetic energy

c) pressure

d) velocity

__ 40) The speed of gas molecules depends on

a) their mass, only

b) their temperature, only

c) both their mass and temperature

d) neither their temperature nor their mass

Mixed Gas Problems (pV/T = constant)

__ 41) What volume will a gas occupy if 60.0 ml at -245.7 oC and 0.5 atm pressure are adjusted

to STP?

a) 273 ml

b) 300 ml

c) 245.7 ml

d) 380 ml

__ 42) 48 liters of carbon dioxide gas are collected at STP. What will the volume of the gas be at

273 oC and 0.5 atm?

a) 48 liters

b) 192 liters

c) 273 liters

d) 380 liters

__ 43) 150 liter of a gas are collected at 27 oC and 0.66 atm pressure. When the pressure is

decreased to 0.53 atm, the volume becomes 200 liters. What is the new temperature?

a) 38 oC

b) 48 oC

c) 310 oC

d) 320 oC

__ 44) When the pressure exerted on a confined gas at constant temperature is doubled, the volume is

a) halved

b) doubled

c) tripled

d) quartered

__ 45) The table below shows the changes in volume of a gas as the pressure changes at constant temperature.

|Pressure (atm) |Volume (ml) |

|0.5 |1000 |

|1.0 |500 |

|2.0 |250 |

Which equation best expresses the pressure-volume relationship for the gas?

a) p/V = 500 atm ml

b) pV = 500 atm ml

c) V/p = 500 atm ml

d) pV = 1/500 atm ml

Answers

1) B 16) D 31) C

2) C 17) B 32) D

3) B 18) A 33) A

4) D 19) D 34) D

5) A 20) C 35) D

6) D 21) C 36) C

7) A 22) C 37) B

8) D 23) C 38) A

9) A 24) C 39) B

10) B 25) D 40) C

11) B 26) B 41) B

12) A 27) D 42) B

13) D 28) C 43) B

14) A 29) A 44) A

15) A 30) C 45) B

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