Ms. Collins' 10th grade global history class - Home



A gargantuan review packet for the Global History Midterm ExamExam date: Thursday, Jan. 15 | Packet Due: Monday, Jan. 12Medieval Europe, The Italian Renaissance, and The Protestant Reformation1. Martin Luther was primarily dissatisfied with the Roman Catholic Church because he(A) thought the church lacked structure(B) disagreed with the sale of indulgences(C) blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague(D) believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy2. In western Europe, feudalism developed after the(A) Roman Empire collapsed(B) Renaissance began(C) city of Constantinople fell(D) Mongols invaded3. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism wasa belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual rights a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement ? Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe.? England defeated the Spanish Armada.? William Shakespeare wrote his play Richard III.4. These events occurred during the reign of(A) Charlemagne(B) Elizabeth I(C) Peter the Great(D) Suleiman the Magnificent“Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved;”5. Which period in European history is most closely associated with the statement above?(A) Roman Empire(B) Crusades(C) Protestant Reformation(D) Enlightenment6. This statement above reflects a controversy over the proper(A) roles of women (C) types of education(B) forms of prayer (D) means of salvation7. The term feudalism is best defined as a(A) holy war between Christians and Muslims(B) process in which goods are traded for other goods(C) division of political power between three separate branches(D) system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty8. Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?(A) Religious unity declines throughout Europe.(B) The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.(C) The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.(D) Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.9. One similarity between Martin Luther and Henry VIII is that they(A) argued against the establishment of a theocratic state(B) protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment(C) died during the Reign of Terror(D) challenged the teachings of the Catholic ChurchLiteracy rates rise.? Shakespeare’s sonnets circulated.? Secular ideas spread.10. Which innovation led directly to these developments?(A) printing press (B) paper currency(C) astrolabe (D) caravel11. What inference can be drawn from the location of the church in this drawing?(A) The mill was managed by the church.(B) Religion played a significant role in the lives of the residents.(C) The church controlled trade within the manor.(D) The church played a limited role in education.12. The terms masters, apprentices, and journeymen are most closely associated with the(A) encomienda system of Latin America(B) guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages(C) civil service system of China during the Tang dynasty(D) caste system of India13. Based on the information provided by this map, which statement about Constantinople is accurate?(A) Africans traded more goods in Constantinople than in any other area.(B) Constantinople was a city located on the Mediterranean Sea.(C) Gold was the primary commodity that China sent to Constantinople.(D) Constantinople was an important trading center.14. What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades?(A) Europe’s population severely declined.(B) Democracy in the Middle East grew.(C) Cultural diffusion increased.(D) Slavery was eliminated.? Martin Luther stresses the central role of faith.? The belief of predestination spreads throughout Switzerland.? The Council of Trent clarifies the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.15. These statements describe ideas and events that(A) brought religious unity to Europe(B) shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation(C) ended the Glorious Revolution(D) expanded the importance of the Orthodox Church16. During the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the(A) amount of money earned(B) level of education achieved(C) number of slaves owned(D) amount of land possessed17. In western Europe, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy led to(A) an end to Christian unity(B) a strengthening of economic unity(C) better relations between peasants and merchants(D) fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups1143003670300018. Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to(A) guilds (B) banking(C) industry (D) agriculture19. Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?(A) self-sufficiency (B) trade embargo(C) inflation (D) competition20. Which innovation had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation?(A) movable-type printing press(B) Mercator map projection(C) magnetic compass(D) triangular sail? 1340s—Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west of China.? 1346—The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana.? 1347—Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black Sea ports.? 1348—The plague became an epidemic in most of western Europe.21. Which conclusion can be made based on these statements?(A) The plague primarily affected China.(B) The interaction of people spread the plague.(C) Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague.(D) The plague started in western Europe.22. Which practice in medieval Europe was most similar to a Japanese warrior’s code of bushido?(A) indulgences (B) chivalry(C) serfdom (D) tribute23. Which area of Europe was least affected by the Black Death ?(A) southwestern Europe (B) eastern Europe(C) Mediterranean Coast (D) British Isles24. The doctrines of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches are all based on the(A) concept of reincarnation(B) principles of Christianity(C) teachings of Muhammad(D) leadership of the pope25. The art of which culture had the greatest influence on Renaissance art?Ancient EgyptianAncient MesopotamianAncient Greek and RomanAncient Ghanaian26. Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?the social structure became very rigid creativity in the arts was encouraged the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire humanism decreased in importance . The Glorious Revolution in Great Britain and Absolutism1) In English history, the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Right (1628), and the Bill of Rights (1689) all reinforced the concept ofa limited monarchyreligious tolerationa laissez-faire economyuniversal suffrage2) The immediate effect of both the Magna Carta and the Puritan Revolution on the English system of government was thatthe power of the monarch was limitedfreedom of speech and press was guaranteedreligious toleration was promotedthe voting rights of all citizens were expanded3) The Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights are documents thatlimited the power of the monarchestablished England as an independent stateintensified the conflict between church and statedecreased the wealth of the nobles4) The Magna Carta was important to the development of democracy because itlimited the power of the monarchcreated a bicameral legislaturetook land away from the noblesextended the right to vote to peasants5) The Magna Carta, the Reform Bill of 1832, and the Parliament Act of 1911 were all steps by which Great Britainevolved toward democratic principlesextended British imperialismcreated a classless societypromoted socialist policies6) The Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution, and the writings of John Locke all contributed to Great Britain's development ofabsolute monarchyethnic rivalriesparliamentary democracyimperialist policies7)One similarity in the rule of Peter the Great, Suleiman I, and Louis XIV is that each leadershared power with a legislaturepracticed religious tolerationexpanded his territorydecreased the amount of taxes collected8) The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights are similar in that they bothreinforced the theory of divine rightdecreased the rights of citizenslimited the power of the monarchyencouraged colonialism "Estates General Meet for First Time in 175 Years""National Assembly Issues Declarations of the Rights of Man""Reign of Terror Ends; Robespierre Dies"9) Which event in European history is most closely associated with these headlines?Puritan RevolutionHundred Years WarFrench Revolutionsigning of the Magna Carta10) ? Magna Carta signed by King John? Habeas Corpus Act passed during the rule of Charles II? Bill of Rights agreed to by William and Mary```````These events in English history were similar in that they allpromoted religious freedomlimited the power of the monarchprovided universal suffragesupported divine right theory11) The Magna Carta can be described as ajournal about English feudal societylist of feudal rights that limited the power of the English monarchycensus of all tax-paying nobility in feudal Englandstatement of grievances of the middle class in England12) One way in which the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Glorious Revolution are similar is that eachstrengthened the power of the popeled to the exploration of Africalimited the power of the English monarchysettled religious conflicts13) The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights were created tolimit the power of English monarchsestablish laws protecting the rights of Protestantsorganize England’s colonial empireabolish the role of Parliament14) Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages?Magna CartaTwelve TablesJustinian CodeRig Veda15) One way in which the English Magna Carta (1215), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the Japanese Constitution (1947) are similar is that all these documentslimited the power of the monarchprovided for universal suffragecreated a theocracyequalized taxesFour events in world history, labeled A, B, C, and D, are listed below.A. Passage of the English Bill of RightsB. Signing of the Magna CartaC. Latin American revolutionsD. French Revolution16) The correct chronological order for these events isD C B AA D C BB A D CD B C A17) In England, the Magna Carta, the Puritan Revolution, the Glorious Revolution, and the English Bill of Rights led to the development ofa dictatorshipan absolute monarchya theocracya limited monarchy18) The signing of the Magna Carta in 12l5 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in English history because they resulted increating alliances with Francedefeating Protestant nobleslimiting the power of the monarchyannexing territory19) Base your answer on the speakers' statements below.Speaker A: Although I spread serfdom in my country, I tried to modernize our society by incorporating western technology.Speaker B: I promoted culture with my support of the arts. Unfortunately, I drained my country's treasury by building my palace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars.Speaker C: I gained much wealth from my overseas empire in the Americas. I waged war against the Protestants and lost.Speaker D: I inherited the throne and imprisoned my foes without a trial. I dissolved Parliament because I did not want to consult with them when I increased taxes.Which speaker represents the view of King Louis XIV of France?ABCD20) A common goal of Philip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France was tospread Calvinismpromote political revolutionsmaintain absolute powerisolate their nations21) One way in which Sulieman the Magnificent, Akbar the Great, and Louis XIV are similar is that each wasan important religious reformera supporter of laissez-faire practicesa leader of independence movementsan absolute monarch22) Which list of French leaders is in the correct chronological order?Louis XVI →Napoleon →RobespierreRobespierre →Napoleon → Louis XVILouis XVI →Robespierre →NapoleonNapoleon → Louis XVI →Robespierre23) King Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire were all considered absolute rulers because theybroke from the Roman Catholic Churchhelped feudal lords build secure castlesinstituted programs that provided more power to their parliamentsdetermined government policies without the consent of their people"Prime Minister Calls for Vote of Confidence""Labor Party Members Resign from Cabinet""New Coalition Government Seems Fragile"24) These headlines most likely refer to events in a nation that hasa socialist economyone-party rulean absolute monarchya parliamentary democracy25) The Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution, and the writings of John Locke all contributed to Great Britain's development ofabsolute monarchyethnic rivalriesparliamentary democracyimperialist policies26) Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch?“The government that governs best, governs least.”“I am the state.”“The government must be based on a sound constitution.”“It is the parliament that must make the laws.”27) Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because theyneeded to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemispherethought that all people should have the right to a good rulerhad been given their power to govern from Godthought that communism was the superior political system28) One effect of rugged, mountainous geography on the civilization of ancient Greece was the development ofabsolute monarchiesseparate, independent city-statesextensive trade with the Persiansbelief in one God29)Absolute monarchs in Western Europe used the term "divine right" and dynastic rulers in China used the term "Mandate of Heaven" to justify theirpolitical powerrejection of organized religionsupport for religious tolerationstatus as elected representatives... Finally, gather together all that we have said, so great and so august [important], about royal authority. You have seen a great nation united under one man: you have seen his sacred power, paternal and absolute: you have seen that secret reason which directs the body politic, enclosed in one head: you have seen the image of God in kings, and you will have the idea of majesty of kingship.God is holiness itself, goodness itself, power itself, reason itself. In these things consists the divine majesty. In their reflection consists the majesty of the prince...– Jacques-Benigne Bossuet30) Which philosophy of government is expressed by this quotation?oligarchyfascismdemocracydivine rightThe French Revolution1. One way in which the caste system in traditional India and the Estates system of pre-revolutionary France are similar is thatoccupations were attained by meritsocial mobility was very limitedstatus was determined by educationimpact on the daily lives of people was minimal2. One way in which Robespierre and Louis XVI of France are similar is that bothwere removed from power during the French Revolutionadopted ideas of the Congress of Viennaimplemented policies of religious tolerancedecreased government control of the economy3. Belief in the ideas of the Enlightenment and discontent within the Third Estate were causes of theFrench RevolutionCounter ReformationIndustrial RevolutionSpanish Reconquista4. Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are best known forinstituting the Reign of Terrorprotecting freedom of religionsupporting the reign of King Louis XVIsending French troops to fight in the American Revolution5. Which issue was a cause of the French Revolution?ineffective rule of Napoleon Bonapartenationalization of the Churchoutrage over the use of the guillotine by the Committee of Public Safetydemand of the Third Estate for more political power6. Which event is most closely associated with the French Revolution?Council of TrentThirty Years’ WarReign of TerrorParis Peace Conference7. Which of these events related to the French Revolution occurred?first?Napoleon became emperor of France.The Declaration of the Rights of Man was issued.Louis XVI called the Estates General into session.The Committee of Public Safety led the Reign of Terror.8. One way in which Robespierre and Napoleon are similar is that they bothplayed an important role at the Congress of Viennaincreased their power during the French Revolutionwere executed for treason by French monarchsled armies against the Haitians9. Under the Old Regime in France, the burden of taxation fell mostly on themonarchyclergynoblescommoners10. What was one effect of the French Revolution?Differences between ethnic groups were munism became popular.Militarism was discouraged.Nationalistic feelings were stimulated.I. _______________________A. Bankruptcy of the treasuryB. Tax burden on the Third EstateC. InflationD. Abuses of the Old Regime11. Which revolution was caused by the factors shown in this partial outline above?RussianMexicanFrenchCuban12. One major effect of Napoleon's rule of France was that it led toan increase in the power of the Roman Catholic Churchmassive emigration to the Americastrade agreements with Great Britaina restoration of political stability13. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting torestore old regimes to powerspread the idea of democracyencourage nationalist movementspromote the European free-trade zoneBase your answer on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.14. Which revolution resulted from the division of society shown in this diagram?Puritan (1642)French (1789)Mexican (1910)Russian (1917)15. Which statement is best supported by information found in this chart?Clergy were spared from the Reign of Terror.The Reign of Terror affected all classes equally.The Reign of Terror crossed social and economic boundaries.Peasants were the most frequent victims of the Reign of Terror.16. A comparison of the actions of the Jacobins during the French Revolution and the actions of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution indicates that revolutions sometimesoccur in a peaceful mannergain the support of wealthy landownersignore urban workersbring radicals to power17. What was a major cause of the French Revolution?inequalities in the tax structureeconomic success of mercantilismfailure of the Congress of ViennaContinental System of Europe18. Which factors protected Russia from control by Napoleon’s army?religious and cultural similaritiesindustrialization and modernizationgeographic size and locationpolitical and economic instability19. Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three estates based mainly on theireducation levelgeographic regionsocial classreligious beliefs20. Which statement describes a similarity between the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?The leaders in power before the revolutions favored changing the political system in their country.Both revolutions were the result of government denial of basic human rights and stressful economic conditions.Most of the revolutionary support was provided by radicals from other countries.The new democracies created by the revolutions gave people greater representation in their governments.21. Which list of French leaders is in the correct chronological order?Louis XVI →Napoleon →RobespierreRobespierre →Napoleon →Louis XVILouis XVI →Robespierre →NapoleonNapoleon →Louis XVI →RobespierreBase your answer to the next 2 questions on the drawing below and on your knowledge of social studies.22. Which conclusion can be drawn from this drawing?One group paid heavy taxes that supported the other two groups.Hard work, prayer, and a good example allowed for a stable government in France.Peasants and professionals in this society were gaining political and economic power.French society emphasized the importance of natural law and social equality.23. This drawing illustrates conditions that contributed primarily to the beginning of theProtestant ReformationFrench RevolutionNapoleonic WarsEuropean Renaissance24. The American and French Revolutions were turning points in global history because the results of these revolutionsled to the abolition of slaveryinspired other peoples seeking democracy and independencemarked the end of European influence in the Western Hemispheredemonstrated the need for strong international peacekeeping organizations25. One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was topromote the unification of Italypreserve the German territories gained by Otto von Bismarckrestore the power of the Holy Roman Empireestablish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon26. A major goal of the Congress of Vienna was toestablish democratic governments in all European nationsmaintain a balance of power in Europereturn Napoleon Bonaparte to powercreate independent governments for Austria and Hungary"Estates General Meet for First Time in 175 Years""National Assembly Issues Declarations of the Rights of Man""Reign of Terror Ends; Robespierre Dies"27. Which event in European history is most closely associated with these headlines?Puritan RevolutionHundred Years WarFrench Revolutionsigning of the Magna CartaBase your answer to the next 2 questions on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies."During the greater part of the day the guillotine had been kept busy at its ghastly work . . . . Every aristocrat was a traitor. . . . For two hundred years now the people had sweated, and toiled, and starved to keep a lustful court in lavish extravagance; now the descendants of those who had helped to make these courts brilliant had to hide for their lives."28. Which generalization best summarizes the views of the author of this passage?The common people of the nation deserved to be punished for violating the country’s laws.The goals of fraternity, equality, and liberty were achieved in this period.The nobility was being punished for bringing benefits to the nation.Because of past abuses by the nobility, the common people staged a bloody revolt.29. Which event is referred to in this passage?French RevolutionSepoy MutinyProtestant ReformationMexican Revolution30. The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he wouldadopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformationrestore Louis XVI to powerprovide stability for the nationend British control of France31. One way in which the Glorious Revolution in England, the French Revolution, and the Iranian Revolution are similar is that each revolutionrequired foreign military interventionresulted in a republican form of governmentbrought about religious freedomchallenged the role and power of the monarch32. One important result of the French Revolution was thatFrance enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperitythe Church was restored to its former role and power in the French governmentpolitical power shifted to the bourgeoisieFrance lost its spirit of nationalism33. The French Revolution of 1789 and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 were similar in that both were caused primarily by thedesire of the people to be free from foreign rulepressure of religious leaders for government reformfailure of the government to meet the needs of the peopleambition of the upper class to attain wealth and property34. In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution?The King was restored to unlimited power.The clergy dominated government.The middle class gained political influence.The tax burden was carried by the lower classes.35. The French bourgeoisie supported the French Revolution mainly because theybelieved in the theory of divine right of kingswere not allowed to own property under the Old Regimeresented their lack of political power under the Old Regimewanted a communist form of government36. Which statement is a valid generalization about the immediate results of the French Revolution of 1789?The Roman Catholic Church increased its power and wealth.The Revolution achieved its goal of establishing peace, democracy, and justice for all.The Revolution had little impact outside France.The French middle class gained more power.37. The main purpose of the Congress of Vienna (1815) was toreturn Europe to the conditions that existed before the French Revolutionestablish strategies needed to rebuild Turkey's economycreate a European Court of Justicepromote the ideas of the French Revolution38. The French Revolution of 1789, the Chinese Revolution of 1911, and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 were similar in that these revolutionswere led by ruthless dictatorswere motivated by a desire to overthrow a monarchled directly to the establishment of communismestablished a higher standard of living for the middle class39. A primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was theincreasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estaterise to power of Napoleon Bonaparteactions of Prince Metternichexecution of Louis XVIGerman and Italian Unification"Cavour Provokes War Against Austria""Mazzini Establishes Young Italy""Poles Fail in Revolt Against Russian"These headlines best reflect the concept ofnationalismisolationismimperialismtotalitarianism"I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor provisions; I offer hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles, and death. Let him who loves his country in his heart, and not with his lips only, follow me."— Giuseppe Garibaldi Which concept is expressed by Garibaldi in this statement?scarcitynationalismhumanismempathy3. Nationalism is best defined asthe achievement of world peace and global understandingthe desire to take over other societies by forcea method of solving basic economic problems of the societythe loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and a geographic region4. The unification of Italy and the unification of Germany show thatsocialism was an effective way of organizing the economycolonialism could be used to spread European civilizationnationalism could be used to consolidate political interestsinterdependence was a significant obstacle to waging war5. The unification of Italy and the unification of Germany show thatsocialism was an effective way of organizing the economynationalism could be used to consolidate political interestscolonialism could be used to spread European civilizationinterdependence was a significant obstacle to waging warAppointment of Otto von Bismarck as ChancellorAustro-Prussian War, 1866Franco-Prussian War, 1870–18716. These events led directly to.the unification of Germanyforeign rule in Italythe rebellion of the Sepoysan alliance between Serbs and Russians7. The unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck demonstrates theinfluence of Marxist ideologyimpact of nationalismforce of civil disobediencepower of democratic ideal8. One political objective of both Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi was tooverthrow divine right monarchiesunify their nationsestablish communist systemsform an alliance with Great BritainI. _________________________________A. Unification of ItalyB. Formation of the Indian National CongressC. Founding of the Muslim LeagueD. Breakup of Austria-Hungary9. Which heading best completes the partial outline above?Tensions of the Cold WarEffects of NationalismCauses of World War IIResults of Economic Revolutions10. Which individual is associated with the phrase?blood and iron?as related to the unification of Germany?Otto von BismarckGiuseppe GaribaldiKaiser Wilhelm IICount Camillo di Cavour "To him who wishes to follow me, I offer hardships, hunger, thirst and all the perils of war."— Garibaldi's Memoirs11. This quotation from Garibaldi is most closely associated with Italianexplorationnationalismimperialismneutrality12. A common element in the movements for German unification, Italian unification, and Indian independence was thesupport of the Catholic Churchstrength of nationalist leadersmediation of the League of Nationsexistence of democratic institutions13. All the elements identified in the illustration contributed to Germaninterdependenceunificationimperialismapathy14. Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?imperialismnationalismliberalismsocialismNot by democracy or liberal standards will our goal be achieved but by blood and iron. Then we will be successful, no nation is born without the traumatic experience of war.--Otto von Bismarck15. This statement was used to justify a policy ofethnocentrismmilitarismcontainmentappeasement19th century and 20th century Ideologies: Capitalism, Communism, Fascism, Social Darwinism, and Totalitarianism1. Which statement would Social Darwinists most likely support?Stronger groups have the right to rule and control weaker groups.Political equality strengthens the effectiveness of government.Universal suffrage is a basic human right.Public education should be guaranteed to all members of a society.2. Which statement would Social Darwinists most likely support?Universal suffrage is a basic human right.Political equality strengthens the effectiveness of government.Stronger groups have the right to rule and control weaker groups.Public education should be guaranteed to all members of a society."God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge . . . and to be judged [by] none . . . And the like power have kings; . . ."3. Which idea is described by this passage?theory of divine rightenlightened despotismSocial Darwinismconstitutional monarchy4. The theory of Social?Darwinism was sometimes used to justifythe establishment of communist governments in AsiaLatin American revolutions in the early 19th centurythe independence movement in IndiaEuropean imperialism in the late 19th century5. The 19th-century ideas of Social Darwinism and the “White Man’s Burden” were often used to justifyisolationismappeasementimperialismdisarmamentThe White Man's BurdenTake up the White Man's burden–Send forth the best ye breed–Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait, in heavy harnessOn fluttered folk and wild–Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child. — Rudyard Kipling, 18996. The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justifyindustrialismfeudalismimperialismfascism7. Which statement about both the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy is accurate?Economic conditions led to political change.Industrialization hindered national development.Goals were achieved by peaceful munist ideals fueled both movements.8. The 19th-century term White Man's Burden" reflects the idea thatAsians and Africans were equal to EuropeansAsians and Africans would be grateful for European helpimperialism was opposed by most EuropeansEuropeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples"All great nations . . . have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands, and those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come."9. This quotation supports the concept ofsocialismhuman rightsrevolutionimperialismFrench is spoken in Laos and VietnamSpanish is spoken in the PhilippinesDutch is spoken in IndonesiaEnglish is spoken in Malaysia and Singapore10. The diversity of languages spoken in these Southeast Asian nations reflects the lasting legacy ofsocialismAsian nationalismtraditionalismEuropean colonization11. One reason the Fascist governments of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler came to power in Italy and Germany was that these nationswere threatened by the United Statessupported civil liberties for allfailed to join the League of Nationsfaced economic and political difficulties12. Which ideology best completes this graphic organizer?socialismdemocracycapitalismfascism13. Which type of political system did V. I. Lenin, Adolf Hitler, and Benito Mussolini establish in their countries?constitutional monarchytotalitarianismrepresentative democracytheocracy14. Which basic belief characterized the totalitarian governments of Benito?Mussolini and Saddam Hussein?Nations must have written constitutions and free elections.All religions are accepted.The needs of the state are more important than individual rights.Representatives of the people make the laws15. In the 1920s and 1930s, the rise of?totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Spain was largely the result ofthe success of the Communists in establishing a command economy in the Soviet Unionsevere economic and social problems that arose in Europe after World War Ithe active support of the United Statesmovements demanding the return of the old monarchies16. Which traits characterize a laissez-faire capitalist economic system?slash-and-burn agriculture and animal-powered technologycentral planning and government quotasprivate property and profit incentivenational health care and social security17. Which phrase best illustrates the theory of laissez-faire capitalism?businesses operating with little government regulationthe state establishing production quotascentral planning committees setting prices on goodsdecisions related to distribution being based on community traditions18. Which statement represents a central idea of laissez-faire economics?Class struggles are based on inequities.Workers should form unions to better their conditions.Prices are best determined by supply and demand.The government should own all means of production.19. Which idea is correctly paired with a document that supports it?colonialism —?The Princemilitarism — Sadler Reportcapitalism —?Wealth of Nationsmonotheism —?The Communist Manifesto20. Which characteristic is associated with an economy based on the principles of laissez-faire?prices based on supply and demandproduction quotas established by the central governmentdistribution of goods determined by the customs of a traditional societysome goods exchanged for other goods of equal value21. Adam Smith would most likely agree with which statement?Revolution is the only solution to economic problems.Five-year plans are necessary in order to industrialize.All nations would benefit from an agricultural ernment should follow a laissez-faire policy.22. Which idea is most closely associated with laissez-faire economics?communestrade unionismsubsistence agriculturefree trade23. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?I. _____________________________A. Market systemB. Profit incentiveC. EntrepreneursForms of GovernmentCharacteristics of CapitalismStructure of the Guild SystemElements of CultureSpeaker A: Government should not interfere in relations between workers and business owners.Speaker B: The workers will rise up and overthrow the privileged class.Speaker C: Private property will cease to exist. The people will own the means of production.Speaker D: A favorable balance of trade should be maintained by the use of tariffs.24. Which speaker is referring to laissez-faire capitalism?ABCD25. Which two speakers represent Karl Marx’s ideas of communism?A?and?BB?and?CB?and?DC?and?D26. Laissez-faire economists of the 19th century argued thatthe government should regulate the economy and foreign tradeindividuals should be allowed to pursue their self-interest in a free marketgovernments should develop a state-run banking system to prevent instabilityanarchy would result if universal male suffrage was granted27. Which event had the greatest influence on the development of laissez-faire capitalism?fall of the Roman Empireinvention of the printing pressIndustrial RevolutionGreen Revolution28. Laissez-faire capitalism as attributed to Adam Smith called forheavy taxation of manufacturersstrict government control of the economyminimal government involvement in the economygovernment investments in major industries29. The economic theory of laissez-faire capitalism proposes thatcommand economies should provide the greatest opportunity for national growththe nobility should have strict control over business and industrythe practices of mercantilism should be expandedgovernments should not interfere with business30. The theory of laissez-faire capitalism advocatesgovernment control of the economynoninvolvement of the government in the economygovernment regulation of big businessgovernment sponsorship of labor unionsSpeaker?A: "Human labor is nothing more than a commodity, which is offered for sale in the marketplace. It is governed by the laws of supply and demand. If wages are increased for one generation when the supply of workers is low, people will have more children and there will be an oversupply in the next. To prevent this, wages should not be increased in the first place."Speaker?B: "Government must end its ideas of mercantilism. Prices should be determined by the laws of supply and demand, not by government regulation. Free trade and competition are necessary to encourage the production of goods that are of good quality and low in price."Speaker?C: "The capitalist class will never give up the ownership of the means of production peacefully. Workers should band together and overthrow the owners and secure for themselves the right to ownership. Inevitably, the workers will win."Speaker?D: "Economic equality can be achieved by everyone cooperating in communities established to relieve the horrible conditions in the factories. Human nature can be adapted so that people can live in harmony."31. Which speaker best represents laissez-faire economics?ABCDSpeaker A: All power derives frown God to his earthly representative the king.Speaker B: Governments are instituted by people to protect life, liberty and property. People have the right to replace a government that fails to protect their rightsSpeaker C: History is a struggle between the "haves and have-nots." Workers of world will overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a classless society.Speaker D: Self-interest drives people to action. Government should allow each individual to pursue his or her own goals.32. Which speaker is expressing views derived from the laissez-faire theory?ABCD33. Which speaker is expressing views derived from the theory of dialectical materialism?ABCD34. Which economic enterprise would Adam Smith most favor?privately owned factory in Francegovernment-run railroad in Africamedieval manor in Europecommune in Communist China35. The belief that workers of the world would unite to overthrow their oppressors is central toSocial DarwinismMarxismconservatismlaissez-faire capitalism36. A key idea in the?Communist Manifesto?by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should support theoverthrow of the capitalist systemestablishment of labor unionslegislative regulation of wages and working conditionstechnological changes in production methodsSpeaker A:?If the rate of population growth continues to exceed the growth in the food supply, there will not be enough food for all of the people.Speaker B:?There are people who are wealthy and people who are poor. This is just how things are.Speaker C: History is the story of class struggle. Eventually, the working class will rise up and revolt against the wealthy.Speaker?D: The government should do what is best for most of its people.37. To which situation are these speakers most likely reacting?growth of Zionismrise of industrializationdivision of Africaformation of military alliances39. Which speaker expresses the ideas of Karl Marx?ABCD40. Which speaker expresses the ideas of Thomas Malthus?ABCD41. What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?the growth of the middle classan increase in nomadic herdinga decline in urban populationa decrease in international trade42. Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?Private ownership of businesses helps workers.Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.Countries should benefit from the wealth of their colonies.Industrial capitalism allows workers and employers to work together for a common purpose.43. In Europe, which group benefited most from the industrialization of the 19th century?rural farmersmiddle classfactory workersclergy44. A major result of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe was thatthe middle class increased in number and in powerthe population in cities declinedtraditional attitudes and values were strengthenedmercantilism replaced capitalism as the dominant economic system45. The Renaissance, the French Revolution, and the European Industrial Revolution have all contributed to the development ofutopian societiesa powerful Roman Catholic Churchdivine right monarchiesa growing and influential middle class"Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system."46. This quotation reflects the ideas ofAdam SmithKarl MarxNiccolo MachiavelliJohn Locke"I don't know how old I am. . . . I began to work when I was about 9. I first worked for a man who used to hit me with a belt. . . . I used to sleep in the pits that had no more coal in them; I used to eat whatever I could get; I ate for a long time the candles that I found in the pits. . . ."— E. Royston Pike, adapted from?Hard Times,?Human Documents of the Industrial Revolution47. What was one thing that happened in response to the conditions described in this passage?Marx wrote?The Communist ManifestoGaribaldi organized the Red ShirtsCharles Darwin developed?The Origin of the SpeciesAtatürk joined the Young Turks"No observer of Manchester [England] in the 1830's and 1840's dwelt on its happy, well-fed people. 'Wretched, defrauded, oppressed, crushed human nature lying in bleeding fragments all over the face of society,' wrote an American in 1845.... Can we be surprised that the first generation of the labouring poor in . . . Britain looked at the results of capitalism and found them wanting?"—E.J. Hobsbawm48. The conditions in England described in this quotation encouraged the growth ofsocialismChristianityfeudalismZionism49. Some African nations borrow money from European banks for investment in their agriculture. The agricultural products are then sold to European nations. This is an example ofsocialismfeudalisminterdependencediversity"Tokyo Stock Market Drops 130 Points""London Exchange Falls Following Japanese Drop"50. These headlines reflectan attitude of ethnocentrism on the part of the European nationsglobal interdependence in economic mattersthe growth of socialism in Europe and Asiathe problems arising from a position of nonalignment51. Which economic theory, developed in the 17th century, supported European colonialism?socialismmercantilismbarteringfeudalism52. Which concept is illustrated in this cartoon?nonalignmentinterdependencenationalismsocialism53. Between 1300 and 1600, which economic system began to develop as a result of the transformation in global trade?socialismcapitalismcommunismmanorialismThe British industrial Revolution1. Mass starvation in Ireland in the 1840s led directly to theformation of communesgranting of independencemigration of people overseasusage of petrochemical fertilizers2. In the early 18th century, the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain resulted in urbanization becauseenslaved persons replaced free laborers on farmsfactory work strengthened extended familiesdisplaced rural workers migrated to find jobsthe middle class decreased in size3. According to Thomas Malthus, the rate of increase for human populations in relation to the rate of increase for food production was a problem. Malthus believed thatindustrial development would severely limit population growthfamine and war were natural checks on population growthcountries with larger populations would conquer countries with smaller populationsfood production would increase at a faster rate than populations would4. One reason for the mass migration of many Irish to North America in the 19th century wasa series of crop failuresenforcement of a military draftcivil war in Irelandan outbreak of malaria. . . What has poor Ireland done, mother, —What has poor Ireland done,That the world looks on, and sees us starve,Perishing one by one?Do the men of England care not, mother, —The great men and the high, —For the suffering sons of Erin's isle,Whether they live or die? . . .— A.M Edmond,"Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother"5. Which event is most closely associated with the conditions described in these lyrics?civil warfamineGlorious Revolutionindependence from Great Britain6. Which geographic feature most aided England during the Industrial Revolution?desert climatenatural harborsmountainous terrainmonsoon winds7. Transportation in the 1800s was revolutionized by the development of thecaravelastrolabeairplanesteam engine...The factory owners did not have the power to compel anybody to take a factory job. They could only hire people who were ready to work for the wages offered to them. Low as these wage rates were, they were nonetheless much more than these paupers could earn in any other field open to them. It is a distortion of facts to say that the factories carried off the housewives from the nurseries and the kitchens and the children from their play. These women had nothing to cook with and [nothing] to feed their children. These children were destitute [poor] and starving. Their only refuge was the factory. It saved them, in the strict sense of the term, from death by starvation.— Ludwig von Mises, Human Action, A Treatise on Economics, Yale University Press8. Which statement summarizes the theme of this passage?Factory owners created increased hardships.Factory owners preferred to use child laborers.The factory system allowed people to earn money.The factory system created new social classes.9. A major reason the Industrial Revolution began in England was that England possesseda smooth coastlineabundant coal and iron resourcesmany waterfallsnumerous mountain ranges10. In England, which circumstance was a result of the other three?availability of laborabundance of coal and ironwaterpower from many riversstart of the Industrial Revolution11. During the 19th century, industrialization in Great Britain differed from industrialization in Japan mainly because Great Britainhad greater deposits of natural resourcesencountered government resistance to economic growthused isolationism to increase its economic powerduplicated the factory systems used in China12. The influence of geographic factors in England is?most?evident in the development ofthe Anglican Church under Henry VIIIEnglish literature under Elizabeth Ithe English industrial systemthe English constitutional monarchy Which development caused the other three?introduction of the factory systemincreased urbanizationincreased productivity of industrial workersunsafe working conditions14. The invention of spinning and weaving machinery increased the number of workers in the textile industry in Europe becausethe early textile machines could not produce goods as efficiently as hand laborlaws prohibited women and children from working with machinerythe demand for goods increased as goods became cheaper to producethe unions required that more workers be hired to maintain the machines15. The beginnings of both the Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution depended oncultural isolationincreased social mobilitytechnological advancespolitical reforms16. In Western European nations, many of the evils associated with the factory system have been corrected bycommunist revolutionsthe use of child labordecreased automationgovernment regulation17. What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?the growth of the middle classan increase in nomadic herdingdecline in urban populationdecrease in international trade18. Which area was once controlled by Britain, suffered a mass starvation in the 1840s, and became an independent Catholic nation in 1922?ScotlandIndiaGhanaIreland19. In Europe, which group benefited most from the industrialization of the 19th century?rural farmersmiddle classfactory workersclergy20. Which was a result of the Industrial Revolution in England during the 19th century?The number of farmers increased as the demand for wool in the textile industry rose.Democratic principles were weakened as the power of the working class increased.Workers became more secure in their jobs and less dependent on employers.The structure of society changed to include a growing middle class.21. In Europe, which group benefited most from the industrialization of the 19th century?rural farmersmiddle classfactory workersclergy22. Which was a result of the Industrial Revolution in England during the 19th century?The number of farmers increased as the demand for wool in the textile industry rose.Democratic principles were weakened as the power of the working class increased.Workers became more secure in their jobs and less dependent on employers.The structure of society changed to include a growing middle class.23. A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe wasan increase in the number of small farmsa decline in international tradea general rise in the standard of livinga strengthening of the economic power of the nobilityStatement A:?We worked in a place that was noisy and dangerous. We did the same work over and over again. Many workers, often children, lost fingers, limbs, and even their lives.Statement B:?Government should not interfere in business. To do so would disrupt the balance of supply and demand.Statement C:?Government has a duty to interfere in order to best provide its people with a happy and safe life.Statement D:?Advances in agricultural techniques and practices resulted in an increased supply of food and raw materials, causing a movement of the farmers from the countryside to the city.24. All of these statements describe events or viewpoints that relate to theProtestant ReformationCommercial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionBerlin Conference25. Which event caused this population shift in Great Britain?the bubonic plagueemigration to the Americasthe Industrial Revolutionrebellions in IrelandBase your answer to the next 2 questions on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.“It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling dye. . . .”— Charles Dickens,?Hard Times26. Which problem is the subject of this passage?economic inequalityurban pollutionlack of child labor lawspoor transportation systems27. The author of this passage is describing conditions caused by theCommercial RevolutionFrench RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionScientific RevolutionBase your answer to the next 2 questions on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.28. Which statement can be made based on a review of these maps?England had only one major city in 1911.By 1911, few English cities had more than 100,000 inhabitants.Most of England's population was located near the southern coast in 1911.By 1911, England's major urban population was centered northwest of London.29. What is the best title for these maps of Great Britain?Declining Urbanization in EnglandEngland During the Scientific RevolutionImpact of the Industrial Revolution on EnglandGrowth of the City of London30. A major reason the Industrial Revolution developed in Great Britain in the 1700s was because of Great Britain'sgeographic featuresimmigration policiesuse of collectivizationaccess to imported oil31. Which statement about railroad systems in the 19th and early 20th centuries is accurate?Imperialists rejected the use of railroads in their colonies.European governments opposed the development of railroads.Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization.Railroads made transportation of goods less efficient.32. The breakdown of traditions, increased levels of pollution, and the expansion of slums are negative aspects ofmilitarismcollectivizationpogromsurbanization33. Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the map?England's natural resources led to the growth of industrial cities.In 1830, England had an unfavorable balance of trade.Great Britain's prosperity unified the people.People emigrated from Great Britain because of pollution.34. One way in which the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the 18th century and the potato blight in Ireland in the 19th century are similar is that they both led directly tosignificant human migrationsmore equitable distribution of wealthgrowth in the number of subsistence farmersrapid increases in food production35. During the Industrial Revolution, which development resulted from the other three?Factory conditions affected people's health.Labor unions were formed.Unskilled laborers received low wages.Machinery replaced workers.36. Which conclusion about Great Britain's population between 1701 and 1850 is best supported by this map?Political unrest caused rural people to move to the towns.Many people moved from the London area to the area around Liverpool and Birmingham.The size of most urban areas decreased.The population of some cities and towns increased dramatically.? Irregular coastline? Abundant mineral resources? Large labor force? Investment capital37. Which country had these characteristics and used them to industrialize in the 1700s?GermanyItalyGreat BritainJapan... Things are so high, poor people cry,Such times was ne'er before,For everything is raised in priceTo carry on the War....–John Wilson,?A New Song on the Dear Times38. In this song published in the 1850s, the songwriter is complaining aboutunemploymentquotasdepressioninflationLatin America1. Why is Ferdinand Magellan's voyage considered a turning point in world history?A) Portugal's claims to southern Africa were established.B) His ship was the first to land in the Americas.C) One of his ships was the first to circumnavigate Earth.D) Britain's control of the seas ended.2. Why is the year 1492 considered a turning point in history?A) The Spanish established an exchange between Europe and the Americas.B) The Ming dynasty launched expeditions to the east coast of Africa.C) Muslim Arab armies succeeded in conquering Egypt and Syria.D) The British established control over new territories in India.3. One way in which the Ming dynasty in the early 1400s and the Spanish monarchy in the late 1400s are similar is that both governmentsA) promoted religious diversityB) encouraged democratic reformsC) emphasized equal rights for womenD) supported the expansion of overseas trade4. In the 1500s, European attempts to establish colonies in Africa were hindered byA) the abolition of the slave tradeB) the cooperative efforts of Christian and Islamic missionariesC) a variety of geographic obstacles in AfricaD) a widespread unified resistance by African tribal leaders7. A major result of the European Age of Exploration wasA) a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western EuropeB) extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and AsiaC) the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church D) the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a period of European global domination8. The Middle Passage is best defined asA) a route through the Swiss AlpsB) a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of waterC) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the AmericasD) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain5. The letter C indicates an area of Latin America that was colonized mostly by theA) Dutch B) PortugueseC) English D) French6. Which letter identifies the region in the Andes Mountains where many Inca settlements were located?A) A B) B C) C D) D? Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe.? Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage.? Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples.? Spanish language is used in much of Latin America.9. Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements?A) Silk Road tradeB) CrusadesC) Columbian ExchangeD) Scramble for Africa10. Which statement is supported by the graph?A) Little trade in enslaved Africans took place before the 1500s.B) Slavery was most widely practiced in Sweden, Denmark, and Holland.C) Conditions of slavery in Brazil were less harsh than those in the United States.D) Most enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean and Spanish America.11. During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770), European countries obtained both a source of rawmaterials and a reliable market for their finished goodsA) the policy of mercantilismB) laissez-faire principlesC) trade cooperativesD) forts along the Silk Roads by developing12. Which event came first in Latin American history?A) Panama regained control of the Panama Canal.B) Simon Bolivar established Gran Colombia.C) Fidel Castro became the communist leader of Cuba.D) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed by Mexico, Canada, and the United States13. Which generalization is best supported by a study of the history of Latin America?A) Protection of human rights has been a major policy of most governments.B) Foreign powers have had little influence in the area.C) Political power has been concentrated in the hands of the landed elite.D) Church and state have been strictly separated.14. Which factor was most important in the development of regionalism in Latin America?A) geographic conditions that limited contact between peopleB) presence of different religious groupsC) Dutch policies of colonizationD) rapid growth of many different political parties15. “Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent thanever before, who live within the Spanish system,occupy a position in society no better than that of serfsdestined for labor, or at best they have no more statusthan that of mere consumers. . . .”This quotation, written in September 1815, represents the views ofA) Martin Luther B) Catherine the GreatC) Simón Bolívar D) Adam Smith16. In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has been theA) concentration of power in a small group of landownersB) minor political role of the militaryC) equal distribution of wealth among social classesD) economic control held by the Indian population17. Which statement best describes the Roman Catholic Church in most Latin American countries in the 1980's?A) The activities of the Church are controlled by the national governments.B) The Church has confined its activities to religious issues.C) The Church has become active in social and human rights issues.D) Most people see the Church as having little influence in daily life.18. What was a major cause of the civil wars in many Central American nations in the 1970s and 1980s?A) economic differences between social classesB) end of slavery in the encomienda systemC) rapid economic reformD) oil production policies19. Which term best describes the political trends in Argentina, Panama, and Chile during the 1990's?A) isolationism B) mercantilismC) democratization D) imperialism20. Which trend has occurred in Latin America since the 1980s?A) movement toward popularly elected governments in many nationsB) increasing hostility between the members of the Organization of American States (OAS)C) adoption of communism by many nationsD) increasing economic and military domination by Cuba21. One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of Columbus to the west was toA) find a more direct trade route to AsiaB) obtain military technologyC) make contact with the Empire of BeninD) trade in established ports in the Americas22. What was a result of the efforts of Prince Henry of Portugal, Christopher Columbus, and FerdinandMagellan?A) The importance of Mediterranean trade routes was established.B) The modem concept of universal human rights was promoted.C) The European view of the physical world was transformed.D) An understanding of the benefits of cultural diversity was encouraged.". . . (It) brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey,dahlias, sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies andchocolate across the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens ofmillions died in the pandemics of the 16th century,victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseasesbrought by Europeans (and don't forget that the Africanslave trade was begun by the Europeans, to replace thework force they had decimated).". . . — Michael Wood, BBC History (adapted)23. Which historical development is being described in this quotation?A) establishment of the line of DemarcationB) creation of the Hanseatic LeagueC) Columbian exchangeD) Glorious Revolution24. One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that theyA) had self-sufficient economiesB) lacked political unityC) rejected the practice of imperialismD) belonged to opposing alliances25. What was a direct result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on African cultures?A) Many African communities faced economic disaster.B) European industrial factories were established throughout Africa.C) Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.D) Africans across the continent hired Europeans to train their military.. . . And we cannot reckon how great the damage is,since the mentioned merchants are taking every day ournatives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemenand vassals and our relatives, because the thieves andmen of bad conscience grab them wishing to have thethings and wares of this Kingdom which they areambitious of; they grab them and get them to be sold;and so great, Sir, is the corruption and licentiousness[lack of restraint] that our country is being completelydepopulated, and Your Highness should not agree withthis nor accept it as in your service. . . .— Nzinga Mbemba (King Affonso), Letters to the King of Portugal, 152626. Which event in African history is described in this passage?A) exploration of the African interiorB) discovery of gold mines in NigeriaC) Belgium's takeover of the CongoD) Atlantic slave trade27. What is the most appropriate title for the map?A) The Industrial Revolution B) Imperialism in AfricaC) The Age of Discovery D) Atlantic Trade Routes28. What was one result of the European Commercial Revolution?A) a decline in the spice tradeB) the destruction of the papacyC) the development of capitalismD) an increased reliance on bartering29. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal of mercantilism as practiced by European countries was toA) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the militaryB) create laws which guaranteed individual freedomsC) teach the natives Christianity and offer them protection in exchange for laborD) increase their supply of gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade30. Which mountains were an obstacle to Simon Bolivar's efforts to unify Gran Colombia?A) AlpsB) AndesC) Zagros D) Urals31. In many newly independent 19th-century Latin American nations, power was often concentrated in the hands of theA) wealthy landownersB) corporate executivesC) Maya and Aztec officialsD) peasant farmers32. In Latin America, the emphasis on the role of the military and the strength of the Roman Catholic religion have their origins inA) ancient Indian village organizationsB) cultural exchanges with the United StatesC) English practices in the New WorldD) Spanish colonial rule33. In Latin America which situation has usually resulted when military leaders seize power?A) Democratic rule by civilian government is quickly restored.B) Alliances are formed with Communist nations.C) Dictatorships are established.D) Divisions between the social classes are eliminated.34. The main idea of the cartoon is that in the early part of the 20th centuryA) South Americans asked the United States to protect themB) international cooperation maintained peace in South AmericaC) the Monroe Doctrine was no longer enforceableD) the United States forcefully extended its influence into South America35. Some developing countries rely on a single cash crop such as cotton or sugar cane. The origin of this practice can often be traced to theA) introduction of communismB) establishment of democratic governmentsC) colonization of the regionD) movements to gain independence36. What is the main idea of this 1994 cartoon?A) Haiti's lack of industrialization has led to economic stagnation.B) Haiti's limited experience with democracy has made it difficult to establish this form of government.C) The desire for democracy has led Haiti to neglect its development of modern technology.D) The presence of American industry has failed to improve Haiti's economy..37. During the last 10 years, what has occurred in many of the nations of Latin America?A) successful Communist revolutionsB) an increase in the number of popularly elected leadersC) a growing dependence on Cuba for economic supportD) a return to their former colonial status38. Which conclusion about Latin American political history could be reached after a study of the rise topower of Juan Perón in Argentina and Augusto Pinochet in Chile?A) The strongest leaders are those who are elected democratically.B) Spain generally supported independence movements in Latin America.C) Latin America has a strong tradition of monarchy.D) People will often support dictators who promise to restore stability.39. Fidel Castro was successful at leading a revolution in Cuba because he gained the support ofA) wealthy landownersB) government officialsC) peasant farmersD) foreign investors40. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is that theyA) achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistanceB) worked to protect citizens' rights to freedom of expressionC) considered capitalism to be the best economic systemD) led revolutionary movements that established communist governments...In the 1930s, Slyvanus G. Morley of Harvard, probably the most celebrated Mayanist of his day, espoused [argued for] what is still the best-known theory: The Maya collapsed because they overshot the carrying capacity of their environment. They exhausted their resource base, began to die of starvation and thirst, and fled their cities en masse, leaving them as silent warnings of the perils of ecological hubris [overconfidence]...-Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus41. According to this passage, what was a major question Morley was trying to answer about the Mayas in the1930s?A) Why did the Mayas abandon their cities?B) What was the structure of the Maya governments?C) How did religious beliefs affect the Maya economy?D) Which neighboring city-state conquered the Mayas?42. A major agricultural advancement of the Incas was theA) domestication of cattleB) use of a steel plowC) terracing of mountains for farmingD) development of floating gardens43. The Encounter occurred as a result of European explorers crossing theA) Atlantic Ocean B) Sahara DesertC) Andes Mountains D) Mediterranean Sea44. Why is the year 1492 considered a turning point in history?A) The Spanish established an exchange between Europe and the Americas.B) The Ming dynasty launched expeditions to the east coast of Africa.C) Muslim Arab armies succeeded in conquering Egypt and Syria.D) The British established control over new territories in India.45. What was a result of the efforts of Prince Henry of Portugal, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand Magellan?A) The importance of Mediterranean trade routes was established.B) The modem concept of universal human rights was promoted.C) The European view of the physical world was transformed.D) An understanding of the benefits of cultural diversity was encouraged.46. Which idea is most closely associated with the economic concept of mercantilism?A) Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for a colonial power.B) Wealth and power are based on land exchanged between nobles.C) Goods and services are traded without government interference.D) Property is owned collectively and administered by the state.47. Which social class controlled most of the political, economic, and social power in colonial Latin America?A) creoles B) peninsularesC) indigenous people D) mestizos48. Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closelyassociated with theA) Scientific RevolutionB) Agricultural RevolutionC) Age of ExplorationD) Age of Reason49. The Middle Passage is best defined asA) a route through the Swiss AlpsB) a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of waterC) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the AmericasD) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain50. Which conclusion about the Inca city of Machu Picchu can be drawn from the map?A) Religious activities were prohibited in this city.B) The city was a ceremonial site, not a place of permanent settlement.C) Community planning and an organized way of life are not evident in this city.D) The city had a government with laws, leadership, and a military force.51. Which statement best describes a result of the encounter between Europeans and native populations of LatinAmerica?A) Native societies experienced rapid population growth.B) European nations lost power and prestige in the New World.C) Large numbers of natives migrated to Europe for a better life.D) Plantations in the New World used enslaved Africans to replace native populations.52. What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange?A) The Aztec conquered a vast empire.B) Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some Europeans.C) Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for sailors.D) China closed its borders to foreigners.53. This chart of the Columbian exchange shows theA) benefits of the exploration of Asia by EuropeansB) effects of the Middle Passage on the AmericasC) introduction of South American products into North AmericaD) interaction of cultures between the Western and Eastern hemisphere54. The arrows on this map, "The African Diaspora," represent theA) development of trade routes in North AfricaB) expansion of African kingdoms involved in the slave tradeC) forced migration of African peoples from their homelandD) dependence by Africans on imports for economic development ................
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