Henderson Middle School



Conquest of Aztec and Inca notes from PowerPointQuestionsAztec Empire – basic beliefs, and influencesHernan Cortes – why is he coming to Latin AmericaHow did the Aztec’s view the SpanishWhat allowed the Spanish to overthrow a much bigger empireWho was Montezuma and how did the Aztec belief system lead to its demiseQuetzalcoatlHuman Sacrifice was common to appease the GodsFALL OF THE AZTECSStrangers on the CoastMontezumaLeader of the AztecLives in Tenochtitlan Fears QuetzalcoatlAztec serpeant God expected to return to take his thronePale skinned arriving from the EastHears of pale skinned people on the coastThinks it QuetzalcoatlInvites them to TenochtitlanCortes the Conqueror1519 Cortes lands at Vera Cruz Greeted as friendly by local people’s including a group from Tenochtitlán Rival Spanish Army sent from Cuba to make sure Cortes finds gold.Cortes battles this army who have a slave with small pox…Cortes soldier contracts the disease…on the way back to Vera Cruz, the Aztec army overthrows Cortes, and contracts Smallpox…bringing it back to Tenochitlan….At first Montezuma’s messengers present Cortes with gifts when he landsCortes is not pleased“Is this all?”Captures messengers and fires cannons to scare themCortes tells them that he has a disease which can only be cured by goldCortes Arrives in MexicoCortes has heard rumors about cities of gold in North AmericaGovernor wants Cortes to claim land and look for gold in MexicoCortes leaves for “gold” land to the West11 ships, 800 menHorses, cannons, muskets and war dogs dressed in armorMalintzin the InterpreterNative American princessShe could speak Mayan, Spanish and NahuatlThe language of the AztecShe became interpreter for CortesCortes Marches InlandBefore marchingFounds Veracruz (city)Claims Mexico for SpainBurns his ships Prevents his men from retreatingMontezuma sends gold to have Cortes turn backCortes is more curious about how much gold the Aztec really haveCortes in TenochtitlanArrives on November 8, 1519Montezuma gives Cortes the empire to command (thought he was Quetzalcoatl)Hands him the keys to the cityCortes fears he may be lead into a trapCortes takes Montezuma hostageSpanish melt all the gold into barsEasier to transport8 million dollars worthA New Spanish Ally: DiseaseAztec revolt against the SpanishMontezuma is killed by a rock thrown by his own people (probably)Drive Spanish out of TenochtitlanDiseases brought by the Spanish killed many AztecSmallpox and measlesAztec had never been exposed to diseases beforeThe Final ConquestCortes returns 10 months laterThousands of Native Americans, Spanish soldiers ready to fightAztec weapons no match for iron weapons and cannonsAztec surrender August 13, 1521Gold and treasures now belong to CortesOrders Mexico City to built where Tenochtitlan once wasFall of the IncasPizzaro and the IncaFrancisco Pizzaro attacks an Incan trading ship filled with silver and goldTrains Incan crew to be interpretersPlans his attack on the Incan EmpireA Broken Promise1531, Pizzaro and 180 soldiers travel through South AmericaHe learns that the Incan leader, Atahualpa, just finished fighting a civil war and is tiredPizzaro takes Atahualpa captive and demands a ransom for his freedomGathers $65 million – in goldPizzaro kills AtahualpaHow did he do itThe Inca could do nothing to stop the southward spread of smallpox. They also failed to scare away Pizarro, who led 160 adventurers up the mountains into the Incan homeland. The Inca tried to ignore him, but Pizarro would not leave. He raided Incan storehouses, villages and even preformed extreme violent acts against the Incan people. Pizarro and the Inca The Incan Emperor, Atahualpa, thought Pizarro was absolutely crazy or a complete fool. Atahualpa was massively confused, could this man stand up to an army of 80,000 Incan warriors. Atahualpa misjudged Pizarro completely. The Spaniard had an advantage…the Inca knew very little about the Europeans and their fighting styles while Pizarro knew a lot about the Incans. Purely based on weapons alone who do you think had the advantage???Pizarro had spent more than 30 years fighting Native Americans and understood their behaviors very well. Also, his good friend Hernan Cortes gave Pizarro an inside look at the conquest of the Aztec…and in late 1532, he decided on a plan so bold that even Cortes might not have risked it. Pizarro Defeats the Inca Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a meeting, that would hopefully create some type of peace agreement. Atahualpa agreed but made a fatal mistake, he left most of his huge army behind. Atahualpa believed that his 5,000 personal bodyguards were enough protection against the small amount of Spanish Conquistadors. Atahualpa also decided that again based on the extremely tiny amount of soldiers the Spanish had his army did not require weapons. When they met, Pizarro wasted no time in asking the emperor to give up his gods. Atahualpa laughed at this request, at which point Pizarro ordered an attack . Cannons roared, trumpets blared and sword swinging soldiers shrieked battle cries. Pizarro then seized Atahualpa and dragged him off the battlefield. Atahualpa tried to buy his freedom…offering to fill his jail cell with gold and a nearby room with silver. Pizarro jumped at the deal. Atahualpa kept his part of the deal, Pizarro on the other hand did not. He charged the emperor with many crimes: plotting a rebellion, worshiping false gods, having to many wives and much more. Pizarro staged a mock trial and found Atahualpa guilty of revolting against the Spanish, practicing worship of false gods, and murdering Huascar, his brother. Atahualpa was sentenced to execution by burning, which horrified him, since the Inca believed that the soul would not be able to go on to the afterlife if the body were burned. Friar Vicente de Valverde, intervened, telling Atahualpa that if he agreed to convert to Catholicism, he would convince Pizarro to alter the sentence. Atahualpa agreed to be baptized into the Catholic faith and was given the name Juan Santos Atahualpa in honor of the feast day of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, which falls on August 29. To reward Pizarro, the Spanish King, Charles V, made him governor of Peru. He then chose a new emperor for the Inca, however, this new emperor had to follow his every order. Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule. Spain controlled a vast territory of South America, covering about 375,000 square miles and about seven million inhabitants. The Fall of an EmpirePizzaro sends soldiers to Cuzco, Incan capital, to capture itPizzaro sets his capital up in Lima, PeruTakes 40 years to capture and defeat all of the IncaGreat loyalty to their peopleHow were Europeans able to beat Native Americans #1 Disease! Spanish brought Smallpox, Measles. Killed off many Aztec/Inca warriors and leaders. How come the Spanish weren’t killed also? #2 Superior firearms and technology (Guns, iron armor, crossbows)#3 Spanish arrived just after wars that weakened the two empires Aztecs had lots of enemies#4 Aztec at first thought Cortez was a God#5 Aztecs fought only to capture; Spanish fought to kill#6 Renaissance- Spanish had access to history of warfare in Africa/Europe/Asia thru books, whereas Aztecs/Inca had to depend on oral tradition ................
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