South, The Place To Be



Chapter 1: Exploring DataFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeConstruct and interpret bar graphs, dotplots, stemplots, and histograms.Use SOCS—shape (symmetric, skewed left or right, etc.), outliers, center (as measured by mean or median), spread (or CUSS—center, unusual, shape, spread)—to describe distributions.Explain the differences between mean and median and describe the strengths and weaknesses of each.Apply 1.5?IQR rule to determine whether a value in a distribution is an outlier.Calculate the five-number summary of a distribution and explain the properties of the numbers in the five number summary.Construct and interpret boxplots.Explain what variance and standard deviation measure and describe their properties.Explain what resistance is and explain why mean, median, IQR, s, etc. are or are not pare distributions and construct side-by-side (parallel) boxplots, side-by-side bar graphs, and back-to-back stemplots.Calculate marginal and conditional distributions and use the results to answer questions.Calculate the quartiles and IQR of a distribution and describe their properties.Can describe the effect of a linear transformation on measures of center and spread.Interpret (e.g., describe and answer questions about) pie charts.Identify whether a variable is categorical or quantitative variables.Explain what is meant by “distribution of a variable”Chapter 2: Modeling Distributions of DataFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeExplain the 68-95-99.7 Rule (a.k.a. the Empirical Rule) and use it to solve problems.Calculate standardized values (z-scores) and interpret them in context.Describe the shape, center, and spread of the “standard normal distribution.”Find proportions using Table A.Find the value x in a normal distribution that has a given proportion above or below it.Describe the effect of adding, subtracting, multiplying by, or dividing by a constant on the shape, center, and spread of a data set.Explain what “percentile” is and calculate the percentile for a value in a distribution.Construct and interpret relative cumulative frequency graphs (a.k.a. ogives) and calculate relative frequencies and relative cumulative frequencies.Determine the position of the mean and median relative to each other for symmetric and skewed density curves.Explain why a curve is or is not a “density curve.”Locate the median and mean of a density curve.Chapter 3: Describing RelationshipsFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeIdentify which variable is the explanatory and which is the response.Construct and interpret a scatterplot (strength, direction, type of relationship, context).Interpret the correlation r and describe its properties.Interpret the slope and y-intercept of the LSRL in the context of a problem.Make predictions based on the LSRL.Interpret the coefficient of determination r2 and describe its properties.Find r2 and the LSRL y-intercept (a) and slope (b) in computer (Minitab) output.Calculate residuals and explain what a residual is.Construct and interpret residual plots.Find the equation for the LSRL using a calculator and using the formulas for a and b (b = and a = ).Explain the difference between an outlier and “influential observation” in the context of a paired data set.Chapter 4: Designing StudiesFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeIdentify voluntary response samples and convenience samples and give examples of risks associated with them.Utilize different sampling methods, including simple random sample (SRS), stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling and give advantages and disadvantages of each.Explain how under-coverage, nonresponse, and question wording can lead to bias in a sample survey.Explain the difference between an observational study and an experiment.Give an example of a confounding variable in an observational study.Describe the challenges of establishing causation.Describe how to implement a completely randomized design for an experiment.Describe how to avoid the placebo effect in an experiment.Explain the meaning and the purpose of (double-)blinding in an experiment.Explain why researchers use control groups.Explain why random assignment is an important experimental design principle.Distinguish between a completely randomized design and a randomized block design.Know when a matched pairs experimental design is appropriate and how to implement such a design.Describe how to use a table of random digits to select a simple random sample (SRS).Define a census.Apply the three principles of experimental design.Identify the experimental units, subjects, treatments, factors, and levels in an experiment.Define the scope of inference.Chapter 5: ProbabilityFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeApply basic rules of probability, including the complement rule, the addition rule for mutually exclusive events, and the general additional rule.Determine probabilities from two-way tables.Construct Venn diagrams and use them to find probabilities.Calculate conditional probabilities from two-way tables.Determine whether two events are independent from two-way tables.Create and determine probabilities from tree diagrams.Use the general multiplication rule and the multiplication rule for independent events to find probabilities.Explain the difference between sampling with replacement vs. without replacement and how it affects probabilities.Find conditional probabilities using the conditional probability formula.Interpret probability as a long-run relative frequency.Describe how to design a simulation using a random digit table or other device.Define disjoint/mutually exclusive.Explain the difference between the union of events and the intersection of events.Describe myths about randomness.Display data from a two-way table in an appropriate graph.Chapter 6: Random VariablesFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeUse a probability distribution to answer questions.Calculate mean/expected value, variance, and standard deviation of a discrete random variable and explain what those quantities measure.Describe the effects of transforming a random variable by adding or subtracting a constant and multiply or dividing by a constant.Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a sum or difference of independent, random variables, including Normal random variables.Determine whether a random variable meets the conditions for a binomial setting.Calculate binomial probabilities efficiently using pdf and cdf commands on a graphing calculator and show my work appropriately on paper.Explain the difference between a discrete and a continuous random variable.Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a binomial random variable.Explain the difference between a binomial random variable and a geometric random variable.Calculate geometric probabilities (including showing my work appropriately on paper).Define a random variable.Define a probability distribution.Know the probability of an individual outcome in a continuous probability distribution and can explain why it has that value.Find probabilities in a continuous probability distribution.Chapter 7: Sampling DistributionsFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeExplain the difference between a parameter and a statistic and determine whether a number in a problem is a parameter or a statistic.Recognize and use the symbols for population mean and sample mean; population proportion and sample proportion; and population standard deviation and sample standard deviation. When given one of these numbers in a problem, determine the correct symbol for it.Distinguish between population distribution, sampling distribution, and the distribution of sample data.Explain what the effect of the sample size is on the variability (spread) of a statistic.Find the mean and standard deviation of and describe what these numbers measure.Explain when the sampling distribution of will be approximately normal and use the normal approximation to calculate probabilities involving .Find the mean and standard deviation of and describe what these numbers measure.Explain when the sampling distribution of will be exactly normal and when it will be approximately normal and calculate normal probabilities involving .Describe the Central Limit Theorem and use it to solve problems.Give my own definition for a sampling distribution.Describe what an unbiased statistic is.Chapter 8: Estimating with ConfidenceFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeExplain what “95% confidence” (or any other confidence level) means and why it is incorrect to say that there is a 95% chance the interval captures the population parameter.Determine when to use a t procedure vs. a z procedure.Do the 4-step write-up for a one-sample z interval for a population proportion p (including conditions, how to find the interval using calculator, how to show work, etc.).Calculate the sample size required to produce a desired margin of error for a one-sample z interval for p.Calculate the sample size required to produce a desired margin of error for a one-sample z interval for .Do the 4-step write-up for a one-sample t interval for a population mean (including conditions, how to find the interval using calculator, how to show work, etc.).Calculate a point estimate and explain the difference between a point estimate and an interval estimate.Identify the estimate and margin of error in the formula for a confidence interval.Describe how confidence intervals are affected by changes to the confidence level and sample size.Explain which kinds of error the margin of error includes and which kinds it doesn’t include.State and use the formula for the standard error of .State and use the formula for the standard error of . Explain what statistical inference is.Chapter 9: Testing a ClaimFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeExplain what the P-value is the probability of.Explain how the Ha affects the P-value.Calculate a P-value (for both one and two sides alternative hypotheses) and use it to decide which hypothesis is correct.Explain what Type I and Type II errors are in context.Explain how the significance level and sample size affect P(Type I error), P(Type II error), and the power of a test.Do the 4-step write-up for a one-sample z test for a population proportion p (including hypotheses, conditions, how to do the test using calculator, how to show work, etc.).Do the 4-step write-up for a one-sample t test for a population mean (including hypotheses, conditions, how to do the test using calculator, how to show work, etc.).Use a confidence interval to draw a conclusion for a significance test.State correct hypotheses for a significance test about a population proportion or mean.Explain what “statistically significant” is and determine whether a result is “statistically significant”.Find the probability of a Type I error.Describe what power is.Explain the relationship between power and the probability of a Type II error.Chapter 10: Comparing Two PopulationsFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeDo the write-up for a two-proportion z interval (conditions, how to find the interval using calculator, how to show work, etc.)Do the write-up for a two-proportion z test (hypotheses, conditions, , pooled sample proportion, how to find the test statistic and P-value using calculator, how to show work, etc.)Do the write-up for a two-sample t interval for a difference of population means (conditions, how to find the interval using calculator, how to show work, etc.)Do the write-up for a two-sample t test (hypotheses, conditions, how to find the test statistic and P-value using calculator, how to show work, etc.)Use paired differences from a matched-pairs experiment to perform a matched pairs t interval and matched pairs t test. Explain why a problem calls for a one-sample, matched pair, and two-sample procedure.Describe the sampling distribution of .Describe the sampling distribution of .Interpret standard computer output for two-sample t procedures.Chapter 11: Inference for Categorical DataFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeDo the write-up for the2 Goodness of Fit Test (hypotheses, conditions, finding expected counts, calculating 2 using calculator lists, finding degrees of freedom, showing work, etc.)Do the write-up for the 2 Test for Homogeneity (hypotheses, conditions, finding expected counts by hand, using the calculator to find expected counts and 2, finding degrees of freedom, showing work, etc.) Do the write-up for the2 Test for Association/Independence (hypotheses, conditions, finding expected counts by hand, using the calculator to find expected counts and 2, finding degrees of freedom, showing work, etc.) Identify and explain which 2 test is the appropriate one to use for a given problem.Use and interpret computer output for a chi-square test based on a two-way table.Describe the family of 2 distributions, including the shape, possible values of 2, when 2 equals 0, etc. Use the 2 probability table and/or 2 cdf command on the calculator to find P-values.Examine individual components of a chi-square statistic to determine where the observed and expected counts differ the most.Chapter 12: RegressionFo Sho!I don’t wanna, but I’m gonna…#APStatisLifeExplain the difference between and a, and b.Find a, b, SEb, in computer output and can explain what all of them measure in the context of a problem.Construct a linear regression t interval to estimate the true slope (including finding the numbers I need in computer output and substituting them into the formula for the interval, finding degrees of freedom, etc.).Perform a linear regression t test for the true slope (hypotheses, finding the test statistic and P-value in computer output or calculating the test statistic using the formula, finding degrees of freedom, etc.).For exponential and power models specifically and other models in general, explain the purpose of transforming data, know how to transform the data, determine whether a transformation was successful, determine whether a model is a good fit, perform the inverse transformation, and make predictions.Explain what and s measure in a linear regression setting.Check conditions for a linear regression t interval for and a linear regression t test for . ................
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