GLOSSARY OF NEPBE’S TERMS BY REFERENCE SOURCES



DIRECCIÓN DE PLANEACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN

COORDINACIÓN GENERAL DEL PROGRAMA DE INGLÉS “PROGRESS”

COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA

NEPBE’s Study Programs

Glossary

Cycle 1

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• to believe that something was said, written or created by a particular person. | |

|ascribes…to… |After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe. |5 |

|(phrasal verb) | | |

| |• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. | |

|attain (verb) |He has attained the highest grade in his music exams. |5 |

| |We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals. | |

| |India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle. | |

| |• to design or organize something so that it is suitable for a particular purpose, situation or group of | |

| |people. | |

| |Most public places are simply not geared to the needs of people with disabilities. | |

|geared (verb) |The workshops are geared towards helping people to become more employable. |6 |

| |These advertisements are geared towards a younger audience. | |

| |• imbue sth/sb with sth | |

|imbue (phrasal verb) |to fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea |7 |

| |His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling. | |

| |• a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour. | |

|traits (noun) |His sense of humour is one of his better traits. |8 |

| |Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait. | |

| |• to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something. | |

|hinder (verb) |High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze. |8 |

| |Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience. | |

| |• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty | |

|poses (verb) |Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. |8 |

| |The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. | |

| |• very interested, eager or wanting (to do) something very much. | |

| |They were very keen to start work as soon as possible. | |

| |Joan wanted to go to a movie but I wasn't keen (= I didn't want to go). | |

|keen (adjective) |She's a keen tennis player. |9 |

| |She's keen on (playing) tennis. | |

| |UK My son's mad keen on cycling. | |

| |He's rather keen on a girl in his school (= he is very attracted to her). | |

| |• to cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting. | |

| |This proposal will almost certainly spark another countrywide debate about how to organize the school system.| |

|sparked (verb) |The recent interest rises have sparked new problems for the Government. |9 |

| |The visit of the all-white rugby team sparked off (= caused the start of) mass demonstrations. | |

| |• to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard. | |

|benchmarks (verb) |His reports pointed out that we do not have reliability in the sense of all schools being benchmarked against|9 |

| |the best. | |

|typographical (adjective) |• the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing. |9 |

| |a typographical error | |

| |• means of transmitting: a person or thing that carries or transmits something, especially news. | |

|conveyors (noun) |a conveyor of good tidings. |9 |

| |• to make something necessary, or to involve something. | |

|entails (verb) |Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. |10 |

| |[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. | |

| |• to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing. | |

|stem (verb) |These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime. |10 |

| |We must take action to stem the tide of resignations. | |

Cycle 1

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• not easy to find or get. | |

|scarce (adjective) |Food and clean water were becoming scarce. |11 |

| |scarce resources. | |

| |• be acquainted with something | |

| |to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. | |

|get…acquainted (verb) |Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. |11 |

|rationale (noun) |• the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions. |12 |

| |I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy. | |

| |• [T] to have or continue to have something. | |

| |Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather. | |

| |[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them). | |

|bear (verb) |Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it). |12 |

|attained (adjective) |• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. |13 |

|bullet (noun) |• a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. |14 |

|scarcity (noun) |• when something is not easy to find or get. |15 |

| |the scarcity of skilled workers. | |

|farewell (adjective) |• when someone says goodbye. |16 |

| |a farewell party. | |

|aesthetic (adjective) |• relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty. |16 |

| |The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal. | |

|Third Grade /Preschool |

| |• to have as a plan or purpose with a group of people together in one place. | |

|intended audience |[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark. |22 |

|(adjective/noun) |The course is intended for an audience of intermediate-level students. | |

| |It was intended as a compliment, honestly! | |

|edible (adjective) |• suitable or safe for eating. |22 |

| |Only the leaves of the plant are edible. | |

|nodding (noun) |• to lower and raise the head quickly, as in agreement or acknowledgment. |25 |

| |a nod of affirmation. | |

| |• a device, machine or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a |29 |

|appliances (noun) |cooker or washing machine. | |

| |electric/domestic/household appliances | |

|First Grade /Elementary |

| |• relating to parts which combine with other parts to form something bigger in written or printed materials. | |

|textual components |television/aircraft/computer components | |

|(adjective/noun) |• related to the way in which something has been written. |33 |

| |textual analysis | |

| |• a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. which clearly expresses the typical characteristics of | |

|vignettes (noun) |something or someone. |33 |

| |She wrote several vignettes of small-town life. | |

| |• [C] a way (method) of writing which can be recognized. | |

|writing system (adjective/noun) |We'll have to work out a proper filing system. | |

| |Under our education system, you're supposed to be able to choose the type of schooling that your child |33 |

| |receives. | |

| |Do you recognise the writing on the envelope? | |

|mechanics of writing (noun) |• [plural] informal: the way something works or happens (e.g. the writing). |33 |

| |He knows a lot about the mechanics of running a school. | |

| |• [C] the way something (the word) is naturally made or the way it has been arranged. | |

|word formation |a rock formation |33 |

|(adjective/noun) |cloud formations | |

| |• all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know. | |

|repertoire (noun) |The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire. |33 |

| |There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute. | |

|mother tongue (adjective/noun) |• the first language that you learn when you are a baby, rather than a language learned at school or as an |33 |

| |adult. | |

Cycle 1

|First Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a/the product of something: a/the result of something. | |

|product (noun) |A figure like that is usually the product of many hours spent in the gym. |33 |

| |She had a very happy childhood, and I guess her confidence is a product of that. | |

| |• [C usually singular] the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens. | |

|setting (noun) |The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp. |34 |

| |a place setting | |

|mobile (noun) |• a decoration or work of art which has many parts that move freely in the air, for example hanging from |38 |

| |threads. | |

|Second Grade /Elementary |

| |• In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with | |

|stanzas (noun) |strophe. Stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter |43 |

| |and rhyme, a section of a poem containing a number of verses. | |

| |• a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or | |

|graphs (noun) |curves. |44 |

| |This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years. | |

| |• [I or T] to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for public performance. | |

| |The musicians rehearsed (the symphony) for the concert. | |

|rehearse (verb) |[Figurative] On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say. |45 |

| |• to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the| |

|instill (verb) |way they think or behave |45 |

| |It is part of a teacher's job to instill confidence in/into his or her students. | |

|ad (noun) |• informal for an advertisement |45 |

| |I often prefer the ads on TV to the actual programmes. | |

|roulette (noun) |• a game of chance in which a small ball is dropped onto a wheel that is spinning and the players guess in |46 |

| |which hole it will finally stop. | |

| |• [I] to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at | |

| |several things without intending to buy any of them. | |

|browse (verb) |I was browsing through fashion magazines to find a new hairstyle. |47 |

| |"Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?" "No, I'm just browsing." | |

| |• land not in towns, cities or industrial areas, which is either used for farming or left in its natural | |

| |condition. | |

|countryside (noun) |The countryside around there is lovely. |47 |

| |The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside. | |

| |Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside. | |

|acquaintances (noun) |• [U] formal knowledge of a subject. |50 |

| |Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited. | |

| |• additional piece | |

| |[C] a piece of cloth or other material fixed along one edge, especially used for covering or closing | |

|flaps (noun) |something. |50 |

| |a pocket flap | |

| |a tent flap (= a piece of cloth which acts like a door) | |

| |A small flap of skin can be seen above the wound. | |

|currency (noun) |• C or U] the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time |52 |

| |foreign currency | |

| |• to be wrong about or to fail to recognize something or someone | |

|mistaken (verb) |You can't mistake their house - it's got a bright yellow front door. |56 |

| |FORMAL I mistook your signature and thought the letter was from someone else. | |

| |• UK a large container with a wide round base, straight sides and a narrow opening at the top, used in the | |

| |past for holding water or another liquid. | |

|pitcher (noun) |an earthenware pitcher. |57 |

| |• US for jug (CONTAINER) | |

| |a pitcher of beer/water/lemonade | |

Cycle 2

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• having no limit. | |

|boundless (adjective) |boundless optimism |6 |

| |She has boundless energy and enthusiasm. | |

|target (adjective) |• a language that you are changing spoken or written words into. |6 |

| |• (past simple and past participle of seek) | |

| |[T] to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object. | |

|sought (verb) |"Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked. |7 |

| |Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy. | |

| |• [C usually singular] the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something | |

|threshold (noun) |starts to happen. |7 |

| |I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily). | |

| |His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax. | |

| |• any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, especially in knowledge, | |

| |technique or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress. | |

|breakthrough (noun) |a medical breakthrough |7 |

| |The jet engine was a major breakthrough in air transport. | |

| |• the way that something is arranged. | |

|layout (noun) |I like the layout of the house. |7 |

| |Application forms vary greatly in layout and length. | |

|ludic (adjective) |• playful in an aimless way. |8 |

| |the ludic behavior of kittens. | |

| |• to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible. | |

|enable (verb) |[+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. |8 |

| |• an area of interest or an area over which a person has control. | |

|domain (noun) |She treated the business as her private domain. |8 |

| |These documents are in the public domain (= available to everybody). | |

| |• to stop something. | |

|cease (verb) |Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen. |8 |

| |The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year. | |

| |[+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax. | |

| |• [I or T] to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way. | |

|decoding (gerund) |Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. |8 |

| |• to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone. | |

|depriving (gerund) |He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights. |9 |

| |You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep. | |

| |• to make something necessary, or to involve something. | |

|entails (verb) |Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. |9 |

| |[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. | |

|stem (verb) |• to arise or originate. |10 |

| |This project stems from last week's lecture. | |

| |• skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics. | |

|acumen (noun) |She has considerable business/financial acumen. |10 |

| |• the ability to read and write | |

|literacy (noun) |Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy. |10 |

| |• knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge | |

| |Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car. | |

| |• not easy to find or get. | |

|scarce (adjective) |Food and clean water were becoming scarce. |10 |

| |scarce resources | |

| |• be acquainted with something. | |

| |to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. | |

|acquainted (verb) |Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. |11 |

| |• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. | |

|pose (verb) |Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. |11 |

| |The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. | |

Cycle 2

|Terms |Definition |Page |

|rationale (noun) |• the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions. |11 |

| |I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy. | |

| |• to give not enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility. | |

| |to neglect your appearance/the garden | |

|neglected (verb) |He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. |11 |

| |I'm afraid I've rather neglected my studies this week. | |

| |• [T] to have or continue to have something. | |

| |Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather. | |

| |The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces. | |

| |On display were boxing gloves which bore Rocky Marciano's signature. | |

|bear (verb) |[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them). |11 |

| |Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it). | |

| |• approving describes someone who does their work energetically and enthusiastically. | |

|willing (adjective) |a willing helper |12 |

|bullet (noun) |• a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. |13 |

| |• If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law. | |

|compulsory (adjective) |Swimming was compulsory at my school. | |

| |Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law. |14 |

| |Patients can now be compulsorily detained in hospital only under tightly drawn criteria. | |

|scarcity (noun) |• when something is not easy to find or get. |14 |

| |the scarcity of skilled workers | |

|acquaintances (noun) |• [U] formal knowledge of a subject. |15 |

| |Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited. | |

|Third Grade /Elementary |

|glances (noun) |• a quick short look. |18 |

| |She took/cast a glance at her watch. | |

|phonic (adjective) |• relating to sounds in a particular language or in languages generally. |18 |

|syntactic (adjective) |• the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. |18 |

|semantic (adjective) |• connected with the meanings of words. |18 |

| |• to act according to an order, set of rules or request. | |

|complies (verb) |He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. |18 |

| |There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. | |

| |• [C] a common way of showing how to form words with the correct letters in the correct order, or the ability| |

|spelling conventions |to do this. | |

|(adjective/noun) |He's hopeless at spelling. |18 |

| |My computer has a program which corrects my spelling. | |

| |Your essay is full of spelling mistakes/errors. | |

| |• In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with | |

|stanzas (noun) |strophe. Stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter |19 |

| |and rhyme, a section of a poem containing a number of verses. | |

| |• [C or U] the level or degree of something. | |

|pitch (noun) |The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note). |19 |

| |If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or| |

| |interest) right. | |

|consonant cluster |• a group of similar speech sounds or letters of the alphabet, which are not vowels, that are close together.|19 |

|(adjective/noun) | | |

| |• [C] a toy which makes a noise like a series of knocks (a sudden short noise made when someone or something | |

|rattle (noun) |hits a surface, e.g. knock at the door.) |21 |

| |The baby was waving around a plastic rattle. | |

Cycle 2

|Third Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a musical instrument, especially one made from a skin stretched over the end of a hollow tube or bowl, | |

|drum (noun) |played by hitting with the hand or a stick. |21 |

| |a bass/snare/kettle drum | |

| |They danced to the beat of the drums (= sound of the drums being hit). | |

|visual aid (adjective/noun) |• something that you are shown, such as a picture, film or map, in order to help you understand or remember |21 |

| |information. | |

| |• to have as a plan or purpose with a group of people together in one place. | |

|intended audience |[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark. |21 |

|(adjective/noun) |The course is intended for an audience of intermediate-level students. | |

| |It was intended as a compliment, honestly! | |

| |• [C or U] when a word or syllable is pronounced with greater force than other words in the same sentence or | |

| |other syllables in the same word. | |

|stress (noun) |The meaning of a sentence often depends on stress and intonation. |21 |

| |When 'insert' is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the | |

| |first syllable. | |

| |• all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know. | |

|repertoire (noun) |The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire. |21 |

| |There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute. | |

| |• acceptable or right for someone or something. | |

|suitable (adjective) |The film is suitable for children. |21 |

| |My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable. | |

| |• [C] the area of activity or interest related to the study of meanings in a language. | |

|semantic fields (adjective/noun) |The information is organized in different semantic fields (= what the words mean). |21 |

| |• a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something. | |

|clusters (noun) |Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph. |21 |

| |There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs. | |

|means (noun) |• something that you do because it will help you to achieve something else. |21 |

| |I didn't particularly like the job - it was just a means to an end. | |

| |• [C] a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main | |

|draft (noun) |ideas and intentions but not the developed form. |21 |

| |This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well. | |

| |She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal. | |

|acquaintance (noun) |• [U] formal knowledge of a subject. |22 |

| |Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited. | |

|chronological (adjective) |• the order in which a series of events happened, or a list or explanation of these events in the order in | |

| |which they happened. |22 |

| |Give me the dates in chronological order. | |

|dashes (noun) |• [C] the - punctuation mark that can be used to separate parts of a sentence. |22 |

| |• the practice of avoiding something (to stay away from something, or prevent something from happening or not| |

|avoidance (noun) |allow yourself to do something). |22 |

| |The avoidance of injury is critical to a professional athlete. | |

| |• to change something from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape. | |

|distort (verb) |My original statement has been completely distorted by the media. |22 |

| |• [T] to be suitable for something. | |

|fit (verb) |With her qualifications, she should fit the job perfectly. |24 |

| |Let the punishment fit the crime. | |

|coordinated (adjective) |• (Grammar) of the same rank in grammatical construction. | |

| |the phrase Jack and Jill |27 |

| |the sentence He got up and shook hands. | |

| |• (Grammar) relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or | |

|subordinated (adjective) |to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else. | |

| |acting as a modifier, as when I finished, which is subordinate to They were glad  in They were glad when I |27 |

| |finished. | |

Cycle 2

|Third Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a suggestion, sometimes a written one. | |

|proposals (noun) |Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the president. |30 |

| |Have you read Steve's proposals for the new project? | |

| |• (informal ad, UK also informal advert) a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to | |

|advertisements (noun) |buy a product or service. |31 |

| |a television/newspaper advertisement for a new car | |

| |She scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper. | |

|font (noun) |• a set of letters and symbols in a particular design and size. |31 |

| |• to be mixed in a confused or disordered manner. | |

|jumbled up (adjective) |She jumbles the words when she is supposed to write a sentence. |31 |

| |The contest editor has jumbled the letters of some common words. | |

| |• a short easily remembered phrase, especially one used to advertise an idea or a product. | |

|slogan (noun) |an advertising slogan |31 |

| |a campaign slogan | |

| |• In grammar, the kind of sentence that makes a statement or “declares” something (information, facts, | |

| |details, incidents or opinions) in contrast to a command, a question, or an exclamation. A declarative | |

| |sentence ends with a period. | |

|declarative (adjective) |My teacher is nice. |31 |

| |The man died. | |

| |He eats yogurt. | |

| |• [U] mainly UK (US usually mail) letters and parcels that are delivered to homes or places of work. | |

| |I'd been away for a few days so I had a lot of post waiting for me. | |

|post (noun) |Unless it's marked 'private', my secretary usually opens my post. |31 |

| |Has the post come/arrived yet? | |

| |• [C] a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main | |

|draft (noun) |ideas and intentions but not the developed form. |31 |

| |This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well. | |

| |She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal. | |

|Fourth Grade /Elementary |

| |• (of words and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. | |

|colloquial (adjective) |colloquial speech |34 |

| |• [C or U] something that is important to you, or when something is important | |

| |[+ to infinitive] His concern to appear sophisticated amused everyone. | |

| |The company's sole concern is to ensure the safety of its employees. | |

|concerns (noun) |There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you. |34 |

| |• [C or U] something that involves or affects you or is important to you. | |

| |What were the major concerns of the writers from this period? | |

| |I don't want to hear about it - it's no concern of mine! | |

| |"What's happening?" "That's none of/not any of your concern." | |

|brochure (noun) |• a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company. |35 |

| |• to keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer. | |

| |She records everything that happens to her in her diary. | |

|record (verb) |[+ that] In his journal, Captain Scott recorded that he and his companions were weakened by lack of food. |37 |

| |• [S or U] a particular period of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc. for which | |

| |something has been happening, or which is needed for something, or which is available for something. | |

|time units (adjective/noun) |During her time in office, the Prime Minister introduced a large number of changes. |37 |

| |I only worked there for a short period of time. | |

| |• [formal or specialized] related to the context of something (the text or speech that comes immediately | |

| |before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning). | |

|contextual (adjective) |It's impossible to understand the nuances of an isolated word without some contextual clues. |37 |

Cycle 2

|Fourth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a usual or accepted way, something traditional and ordinary. | |

|conventionality (noun) |conventional behaviour/attitudes/clothes |37 |

| |conventional medicine/farming | |

| |• to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have. | |

|infer (verb) |What do you infer from her refusal? |38 |

| |[+ that] I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave. | |

|interlocutors (noun) |• [C] formal |38 |

| |someone who is involved in a conversation. | |

|phonological (adjective) |• the study of sounds in a particular language or in languages generally |38 |

| |• related to people saying goodbye. |38 |

|farewell (adjective) |We said our sad farewells and got on the bus. | |

| |He bid us both a fond (= affectionate) farewell. | |

|upper and lower-case letters |• capital (uppercase) and small or “common” (lowercase) letters of the alphabet. | |

|(adjective/noun) |an uppercase “A” |38 |

| |the lowercase “a” | |

|decks (noun) |• (also pack) mainly US: a set of cards used for playing card games. |39 |

| |a new deck of cards | |

| |• a competition to do better than other people, usually in which prizes are given. | |

|contest (noun) |a dance/sports contest |40 |

| |She's won a lot of beauty contests. | |

| |• In linguistics, also called a "passive verb" or "linking verb", is a word used to link the subject of a | |

|copulative (adjective) |sentence with a predicate (a subject complement or an adverbial). Syntactically connecting two elements of a |41 |

| |sentence. | |

| |a copulative verb. | |

| |• very important or most important. | |

|leading (adjective) |a leading expert on the country's ecology |44 |

| |the world's leading manufacturer of audio equipment | |

|supporting (adjective) |• not the most important actor, part, or role in a film or play. |44 |

| |She had a small supporting part in the play. | |

|definite article (adjective/noun)|• the grammatical name for the word 'the' in English, or the words in other languages which have a similar |44 |

| |use. | |

|indefinite article |• the grammatical name for the words 'a' and 'an' in English or words in other languages which have a similar|44 |

|(adjective/noun) |use. | |

| |• the pieces of art, such as drawings and photographs, that are used in books, newspapers and magazines. | |

|artwork (noun) |All the artwork in the book has been done by the author. |44 |

| |• [C] a typical quality or an important part of something. | |

|features (noun) |The town's main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace. |45 |

| |Our latest model of phone has several new features. | |

| |A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry. | |

| |• [C] a complete change. | |

|metamorphosis (noun) |Under the new editor, the magazine has undergone a metamorphosis. |46 |

| |• [U] specialized the process by which the young form of insects and some animals, such as frogs, develops | |

| |into the adult form. | |

| |• [C usually singular] a person or a particular group of people who something is directed at, or who | |

|target (noun) |something is intended for. |47 |

| |The target audience for the TV series are young people aged 13 to 18. | |

| |• to attract attention to or emphasize something important. | |

|highlight (noun) |The report highlights the need for improved safety. |47 |

| |The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green. | |

| |• a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes | |

| |leave and arrive. | |

| |Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I could borrow? | |

|timetables (noun) |The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. |49 |

| |Here is the timetable of events for the day. | |

| |I've got a very busy timetable next week (= I have a lot of activities planned). | |

Cycle 2

|Fourth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a political division of the UK or Ireland, forming the largest unit of local government, or the largest | |

| |political division of a state in the US. | |

| |A county usually consists of several towns and the rural areas which surround them. | |

|county (noun) |Rutland used to be the smallest county in England, but in 1974 it became part of Leicestershire. |49 |

| |Texas is divided into 254 counties. | |

|carving knife (adjective/noun) |• a large knife used for cutting cooked meat. |50 |

|gingerbread man (adjective/noun) |• a hard ginger biscuit (containing a ginger flavour) shaped like a person. |50 |

| |• [C] (also woods [plural]) an area of land covered with a thick growth of trees. | |

|wood (noun) |We went for a walk in the woods after lunch. |50 |

| |• [C or U] (a type of) cloth or woven material. | |

|fabric (noun) |dress fabric |51 |

| |seats upholstered in hard-wearing fabric | |

| |cotton fabrics | |

| |• [C or U] (a length of) a very thin fibre. | |

|thread (noun) |needle and thread |51 |

| |loose threads | |

|pins (noun) |• a device used for holding clothes onto a clothes line while they dry. |51 |

| |• a line where two things join, especially a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth or leather. | |

| |The bags we sell have very strong seams, so they will last for years. | |

|seams (noun) |My old coat is coming/falling apart at the seams (= the stitches are coming out). |51 |

|seal (verb) |• to join the seams (two pieces of cloth) together. |51 |

|forename (noun) |• the name which is chosen for you at birth and goes before your family name. |51 |

Cycle 3

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed officially by a group | |

| |of people, a business organization, a government or a political party. | |

|policies (noun) |They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security policy. |5 |

| |What is your party's policy on immigration? | |

|framework (noun) |• a system of rules, ideas or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something. |5 |

| |a legal framework for resolving disputes | |

|ascribes…to |• ascribe something to something | |

|(phrasal verb) |to believe or say that something is caused by something else. |5 |

| |To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? | |

| |• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. | |

|attain (verb) |He has attained the highest grade in his music exams. |5 |

| |We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals. | |

| |India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle. | |

|utter (verb) |• to say something or to make a sound with your voice |5 |

| |She sat through the whole meeting without uttering a word. | |

| |• having no limit. | |

|boundless (adjective) |boundless optimism |6 |

| |She has boundless energy and enthusiasm. | |

| |• (past simple and past participle of seek) | |

| |[T] to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object. | |

|sought (verb) |"Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked. |7 |

| |Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy. | |

| |• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. | |

|poses (verb) |Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. |7 |

| |The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. | |

| |• [C usually singular] the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something | |

|threshold (noun) |starts to happen. |7 |

| |I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily). | |

| |His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax. | |

| |• the elementary level where learners understand high frequency words in familiar topics, communicate in | |

|waystage (noun) |simple and routine tasks and describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background and areas of immediate |7 |

| |need. | |

| |• any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, especially in knowledge, | |

| |technique or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress. | |

|breakthrough (noun) |a medical breakthrough |7 |

| |The jet engine was a major breakthrough in air transport. | |

|ludic (adjective) |• playful in an aimless way. |8 |

| |the ludic behavior of kittens. | |

| |• to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible. | |

|enable (verb) |[+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. |8 |

| |• an area of interest or an area over which a person has control. | |

|domain (noun) |She treated the business as her private domain. |8 |

| |These documents are in the public domain (= available to everybody). | |

| |• to stop something. | |

|cease (verb) |Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen. |8 |

| |The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year. | |

| |[+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax. | |

| |• [I or T] to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way. | |

|decoding (gerund) |Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. |9 |

| |• to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone. | |

|depriving (gerund) |He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights. |9 |

| |You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep. | |

| |• to make something necessary, or to involve something. | |

|entails (verb) |Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. |10 |

| |[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. | |

|stem (verb) |• to arise or originate. |10 |

| |This project stems from last week's lecture. | |

Cycle 3

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics. | |

|acumen (noun) |She has considerable business/financial acumen. |10 |

| |• the ability to read and write | |

|literacy (noun) |Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy. |10 |

| |• knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge | |

| |Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car. | |

| |• not easy to find or get. | |

|scarce (adjective) |Food and clean water were becoming scarce. |10 |

| |scarce resources | |

| |• be acquainted with something. | |

| |to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. | |

|acquainted (verb) |Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. |11 |

| |• [T] to have or continue to have something. | |

| |Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather. | |

| |The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces. | |

| |On display were boxing gloves which bore Rocky Marciano's signature. | |

|bear (verb) |[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them). |11 |

| |Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it). | |

| |• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. | |

|pose (verb) |Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. |11 |

| |The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. | |

|rationale (noun) |• the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions. |11 |

| |I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy. | |

| |• to give not enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility. | |

| |to neglect your appearance/the garden | |

|neglected (verb) |He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. |11 |

| |I'm afraid I've rather neglected my studies this week. | |

|bring about |• produce: to cause to happen, occur or exist. | |

|(phrasal verb) |The new President must bring about a change in the health care system. |11 |

| |I promise: making one mistake will not bring about the apocalypse. | |

| |• [U] the feeling of being disappointed (to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, wishes, etc.; to cause | |

| |someone to feel unhappy). | |

| |Book early to avoid disappointment. | |

|disappointment (noun) |To my (great) disappointment (= sadness), he decided to leave. |11 |

| |• [C usually singular] something or someone that is not what you were hoping it would be. | |

| |The party turned out to be a huge disappointment. | |

| |I'm afraid I've been rather a disappointment to my parents. | |

| |• [C or U] when you have lost your confidence or enthusiasm for something. | |

|discouragement (noun) |a feeling of discouragement |11 |

| |She expressed discouragement over the difficulty of finding a good job. | |

| |Despite the discouragements of the past week, we need to continue moving forward. | |

|multimedia (adjective) |• using a combination of moving and still pictures, sound, music and words, especially in computers or | |

| |entertainment. |12 |

| |multimedia software | |

| |• [I or T] to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for a performance. | |

| |(figurative) On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say. | |

|rehearse (verb) |These are arguments that I've heard rehearsed at meetings many times before. |12 |

|attained (adjective) |• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. |13 |

| |• to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult. | |

|undertake (verb) |Students are required to undertake simple experiments. |13 |

Cycle 3

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• [C] a way of considering or doing something. | |

| |Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach| |

|approach (noun) |to it. |14 |

| |I've just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare. | |

| |Michael is always very logical in his approach. | |

|derive from … |• derive from something | |

|(phrasal verb) |to come from something. |14 |

| |The English word 'olive' is derived from the Latin word 'oliva'. | |

|bullet (noun) |• a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. |14 |

| |• If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law. | |

|compulsory (adjective) |Swimming was compulsory at my school. | |

| |Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law. |14 |

| |Patients can now be compulsorily detained in hospital only under tightly drawn criteria. | |

|scarcity (noun) |• when something is not easy to find or get. |15 |

| |the scarcity of skilled workers | |

| |• [S + singular or plural verb] newspapers, magazines, radio and television considered as a group. | |

| |the local/national media | |

|media (noun) |media attention/coverage/hype/reports |15 |

| |The issue has been much discussed in the media. | |

| |• when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged. | |

|transactions (noun) |a business transaction |15 |

| |Each transaction at the foreign exchange counter seems to take forever. | |

| |We need to monitor the transaction of smaller deals. | |

| |• (informal ad, UK also informal advert) a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to | |

|ads (noun) |buy a product or service. |16 |

| |a television/newspaper advertisement for a new car | |

| |She scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper. | |

| |• the act of buying; to obtain by paying money or its equivalent, as, to purchase land, or a house. | |

|purchasing (noun) |Smart purchasing requires considerable knowledge. |16 |

| |• [C or U] when a word or syllable is pronounced with greater force than other words in the same sentence or | |

| |other syllables in the same word. | |

|stress (noun) |The meaning of a sentence often depends on stress and intonation. |17 |

| |When 'insert' is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the | |

| |first syllable. | |

| |• to organize or arrange something for a particular purpose, task or event. | |

|set up (phrasal verb) |set up an experiment |17 |

| |It takes time to learn the setup around here. | |

| |Set up tables in the living room for the party. | |

|Fifth Grade /Elementary |

| |• to have as a plan or purpose with a group of people together in one place. | |

|intended audience |[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark. |19 |

|(adjective/noun) |The course is intended for an audience of intermediate-level students. | |

| |It was intended as a compliment, honestly! | |

| |• in the US, a series of numbers that forms part of an address, and which is used to help organize post so | |

|zip code (adjective/noun) |that it can be delivered more quickly;(postcode) in Britain, a short series of letters and numbers that is |19 |

| |part of a postal address. | |

| |• Something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the | |

|reliability (noun) |way you expect. |19 |

| |Rolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability. | |

| |• the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing. | |

|typography (noun) |Typography tended to alter language from a means of perception and exploration to a portable commodity. |19 |

| |• (symbol £) the standard unit of money in the UK and some other countries. | |

| |a one-pound/two-pound coin | |

|pound (noun) |There are one hundred pence in a pound. |19 |

| |They stole jewellery valued at £50 000 (= 50 000 pounds). | |

| |"Have you got any change?" "Sorry, I've only got a five-pound note.” | |

|phonic (adjective) |• relating to sounds in a particular language or in languages generally. |19 |

Cycle 3

|Fifth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

|syntactic (adjective) |• the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. |19 |

|semantic (adjective) |• connected with the meanings of words. |19 |

| |• the story of a book, film, play, etc | |

|plot (noun) |The film has a very simple plot. |20 |

| |The plots of his books are basically all the same. | |

| |• [C usually singular] the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens. | |

|setting (noun) |The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp. |20 |

| |• (the art of making) a picture in which various materials or objects, for example paper, cloth or | |

|collage (noun) |photographs, are stuck onto a larger surface. |20 |

| |The children made a collage of postcards. | |

| |• to tell somebody about or draw somebody's attention to something; make or write a comment on. | |

|point out |She did point out some of the difficulties we might expect to face. |20 |

|(phrasal verb) |He pointed out the paper of his colleague. | |

| |• to act according to an order, set of rules or request | |

|complies (verb) |He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. |20 |

| |There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. | |

| |• when objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest such as paintings are shown to the public in a | |

|museum exhibition |museum. |22 |

|(adjective/noun) |The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of the month. | |

| |There's a new exhibition of sculpture at the city gallery. | |

|exhibition cards (adjective/noun)|• information printed about the objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest shown to the public. |22 |

| |• something that supplies information in the form of books, newspapers and magazines. | |

|printed sources (adjective/noun) |Children who watch TV all the time have no real interest in the printed word. | |

| |Always acknowledge your sources (= say which books you have used) at the end of an essay. |22 |

| |• a sign or some information which helps you to find the answer to a problem, question or mystery related to | |

| |the context of something (the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or | |

|contextual clues (adjective/noun)|piece of text and helps to explain its meaning). |22 |

| |It's impossible to understand the nuances of an isolated word without some contextual clues. | |

|main idea (adjective/noun) |• the most important understanding, thought or picture in your mind. | |

| |I don't like the idea of living so far away from my family. |22 |

| |My main concern about moving to London is the cost of housing. | |

| |• [U] the written words in a book, magazine, etc., that provide a lot of useful information. | |

|informative text (adjective/noun)|The book has 100 pages of closely printed text. |22 |

| |This is an interesting and highly informative book. | |

|supporting ideas (adjective/noun)|• not the most important understanding, thought or picture in your mind. |22 |

| |She had a small supporting part in the play. | |

|table of contents (noun) |• a list of the information that is contained in a book. |22 |

| |• a group of words which expresses a thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction or exclamation| |

|declarative sentence |announcing something clearly, firmly, publicly or officially. |22 |

|(adjective/noun) |Your conclusion is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated. | |

| |• [C usually plural] either of two symbols put around a word, phrase or sentence in a piece of writing to | |

| |show that what is between them should be considered as separate from the main part. | |

|brackets (noun) |Biographical information is included in brackets. |22 |

| |Grammar patterns in this dictionary are shown in UK square brackets/US brackets. For example, a countable | |

| |noun is marked [C]. | |

|colon (noun) |• the sign: used in writing, especially to introduce a list of things or a sentence or phrase taken from |22 |

| |somewhere else. | |

Cycle 3

|Fifth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

|disseminating knowledge |• to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., about a subject to a lot of | |

|(verb/noun) |people. |22 |

| |One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease. | |

| |• when two or more groups or people make a decision/arrangement /conclusion, etc. about something by sharing | |

|reaching agreement (verb/noun) |the same opinion or approving or accepting something. | |

| |If the three parties cannot reach agreement now, there will be a civil war. |22 |

| |Finally the two sides have reached an agreement. | |

| |• to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report or list. | |

|compile (verb) |We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject. |22 |

|broadcaster (noun) |• [C] someone whose job is to speak on radio or television programmes. |23 |

| |He was a famous broadcaster in the 1930s. | |

|speech register (adjective/noun) |• [C or U] the style of language, grammar and words used when talking. | |

| |People chatting at a party will usually be talking in (an) informal register. |23 |

| |Some expressions are used more in speech than in writing. | |

| |• [C] a short text or drawings used to fill extra space in a magazine or newspaper, or talk, music, etc. used| |

|fillers (noun) |to fill extra time in a radio or television broadcast. |23 |

| |• acceptable or right for someone or something. | |

|suitable (adjective) |The film is suitable for children. |23 |

| |My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable. | |

| |• the order of things (questions/answers) is changed representing a pyramid turned upside down. | |

|inverted pyramid (adjective/noun)|In some languages, the word order in questions is inverted (= the verb comes before the subject of the |23 |

| |sentence). | |

|vocalization (noun) |• feelings or ideas expressed by the voice when speaking. |23 |

| |Most patients find it very difficult to vocalize feelings of shame. | |

| |• Something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the | |

|reliability (noun) |way you expect. |23 |

| |reliable information | |

| |Rolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability. | |

| |• based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings. | |

|objectivity (noun) |an objective and impartial report |23 |

| |I can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work. | |

| |Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible? | |

|assemble (verb) |• [T] to make something by joining separate parts. |26 |

| |furniture that is easy to assemble | |

|scrambled (adjective) |•thrown together in a disorderly fashion; mixed in a confused way; jumbled. |26 |

| |a scrambled plan of action | |

| |• someone who transmits a message; transmitter; communicator. | |

|sender (noun) |return to sender |28 |

| |The sender was still transmitting when the ship went down. | |

| |• something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person. | |

|allusions (noun) |The film is full of allusions to Hitchcock. |28 |

| |Her novels are packed with literary allusions. | |

| |• to discover the meaning of information given in a secret or complicated way; to decode. | |

|unscramble (verb) |You need a decoding device to unscramble some of the signals sent out by satellite and cable TV. |28 |

| |• to be mixed in a confused or disordered manner. | |

|jumbled (adjective) |She jumbles the words when she is supposed to write a sentence. |28 |

| |The contest editor has jumbled the letters of some common words. | |

|adequacy (noun) |• enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose. |28 |

| |The adequacy of public health care has been brought into question. | |

|ellipsis (noun) |• [C] three dots in a printed text, [...], which show where one or more words have been intentionally left |28 |

| |out. | |

|travelogues (noun) |• a film or book about travelling to or in a particular place |29 |

| |Peter Jackson's latest book 'Africa' is part travelogue, part memoir. | |

Cycle 3

|Fifth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• [C] a set of rules/principles that are accepted and used by society or a particular group of people. | |

|codes (noun) |a moral code |29 |

| |a code of behaviour/ethics | |

|dashes (noun) |• [C] the - punctuation mark that can be used to separate parts of a sentence. |29 |

| |There should be a dash in this sentence. | |

| |• [C] the ; punctuation mark that is used in formal writing between two parts of a sentence, usually when | |

|semi-colon (noun) |each of the two parts could form grammatical sentences on their own. A semicolon can also separate the things|29 |

| |in a list. | |

|tag question (adjective/noun) |• a short phrase such as 'isn't it' or 'don't you' that is added to the end of a sentence to check | |

| |information or to ask if someone agrees with you. |33 |

| |In the sentence, 'It's hot, isn't it?', 'isn't it' is a question tag. | |

| |• [C or U] when a person or vehicle, etc. leaves somewhere | |

| |There are several departures (= buses, trains, ships or aircraft leaving) for Paris every day. | |

|departure (adjective) |Our departure was delayed because of bad weather. |33 |

| |departure time | |

| |• [C or U] when someone or something arrives somewhere | |

|arrival (adjective) |Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the airport. |33 |

| |On arrival at the police station, they were taken to an interview room. | |

| |We regret the late arrival of Flight 237. | |

| |• to make a sketch (a simple, quickly-made drawing which does not have many details) of something. | |

| |The art students were told to sketch the landscape. | |

|sketch (verb) |When I have some spare time, I like to sketch. |33 |

| |The artist has sketched out a design for the new school. | |

| |• [C or U] the level or degree of something. | |

|pitch (noun) |The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note). |33 |

| |If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or| |

| |interest) right. | |

| |• describes someone who behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe. | |

|assertiveness (noun) |If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive. |33 |

|Sixth Grade /Elementary |

| |• done or said in a strong way and without any doubt. | |

|emphatic (adjective) |Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5-0 victory over Italy. |36 |

| |The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation. | |

| |• A word or phrase (abbreviated) used to address a reader or listener directly, usually in the form of a | |

|vocatives (noun) |personal name, title, or term of endearment. |36 |

| |Domine, O Lord | |

| |mother in “mother, come here” | |

| |• a story, especially one which might be invented or difficult to believe. | |

|tale (noun) |He told some fascinating tales about his life in India. |37 |

| |She told me/invented/concocted a tale about missing the bus to explain her lateness. | |

| |• [C usually plural] (UK fittings/US furnishing) a piece of furniture, such as a cooker, washing machine or | |

| |curtain pole, which is not permanently fixed in or part of the structure of a house and which a person might | |

|furnishing (noun) |be expected to take with them when they move to a new home. |37 |

| |The house price, including fixtures and fittings, is £200 000. | |

|ghoul (noun) |• (informal) someone who is very interested in death and unpleasant things. |37 |

| |• to voice, express; to give out as sound, utter. | |

|emits (verb) |emit an opinion |38 |

| |She emitted her small strange laugh. | |

| |• a description of an event or situation. | |

|report (noun) |a news/weather report |39 |

| |I gave/made/submitted a report of the theft to the insurance company. | |

| |She sent in weekly reports on the situation. | |

|amplifies (verb) |• (formal) to increase the size or effect of something. |39 |

| |A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives. | |

Cycle 3

|Sixth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• to be or give a typical example of something. | |

|exemplifies (verb) |This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. |39 |

| |• words or expressions used to show the relationship between ideas. | |

|connectors (noun) |We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition. |39 |

| |He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much. | |

| |Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed. | |

| |• to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and | |

|paraphrasing (gerund) |shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer. |39 |

| |She gave us a quick paraphrase of what had been said. | |

| |• (US billboard) a large board on which advertisements are shown. | |

|billboard (noun) |Billboard advertisements are designed to catch a person's attention and create a memorable impression very |39 |

| |quickly. | |

| |• varied or different means of communication, information, or entertainment considered as a group that reach | |

|diverse media (adjective/noun) |large numbers of people, such as newspapers, television, magazines, and radio. | |

| |The issue has been much discussed in the media. |40 |

| |The news media focuses on presenting current news to the public. | |

| |• a line of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the | |

|headline (noun) |news that are broadcast on television or radio. |40 |

| |The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers. | |

| |the eight o'clock headlines | |

|discourse (noun) |• [C] a speech or piece of writing about a particular, usually serious, subject. |40 |

| |a discourse on the nature of life after death | |

|typographic (adjective) |• the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing. |40 |

| |a typographical error | |

|bullet points (adjective/noun) |• (also bullets) a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. |40 |

| |• all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know. | |

|repertoire (noun) |The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire. |40 |

| |There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute. | |

| |• (UK also inverted commas , informal quotes) | |

|quotation (noun) |the " " punctuation marks that are put around a word or phrase to show that someone else has said or written |40 |

| |it in a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. | |

| |At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln. | |

|mass media (adjective/noun) |• newspapers, television and radio. |40 |

| |The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change. | |

| |• [I + adverb or preposition] formal to be able to see the difference between two things or people. | |

|discriminate (verb) |Police dogs can discriminate between the different smells. |42 |

| |• [I or T not continuous] to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or| |

| |thing seem different from another. | |

|distinguish (verb) |I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese. |42 |

| |It's important to distinguish between business and pleasure. | |

| |It's not the beauty so much as the range of his voice that distinguishes him from other tenors. | |

| |• [C] a particular way in which something is done, organized or happens. | |

|patterns (noun) |The pattern of family life has been changing over recent years. |42 |

| |A pattern is beginning to emerge from our analysis of the accident data. | |

| |Many behaviour(al) patterns have been identified in the chimp colony. | |

| |• to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do something | |

|bullying (noun) |they do not want to do. |43 |

| |Bullying is a problem in many schools. | |

| |• A place, section or subdivision of relatively small and definite limits on the face side of a card where | |

| |written marks are printed to allow easy recognition. | |

|spots (noun) |He always turns first to the business spots. |43 |

| |The history of this work is discussed in the next spot. | |

| |Spot the areas that one should clearly identify. | |

| |• [C or U] the style of language, grammar and words used for particular situations. | |

|register (noun) |People chatting at a party will usually be talking in (an) informal register. |45 |

Cycle 3

|Sixth Grade /Elementary |

|Terms |Definition |Page |

| |• an answer. | |

|reply (noun) |I asked why, but he made/gave no reply. |45 |

| |There were very few replies to our advertisement. | |

| |In reply to their questions, she just shrugged. | |

| |• a written record of historical events. | |

|chronicles (noun) |the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle |46 |

| |a chronicle of the French Revolution | |

|comic strip (adjective/noun) |• a short series of funny drawings with a small amount of writing which is usually published in a newspaper. |46 |

|seamstress (noun) |• a woman whose job is sewing and making clothes. |48 |

|pamphlets (noun) |• a thin book with only a few pages which gives information or an opinion about something. |50 |

| |• a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes | |

| |leave and arrive | |

|timetable (adjective) |Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I could borrow? |50 |

| |The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. | |

| |Here is the timetable of events for the day. | |

| |• [C] the money that you pay for a journey on a vehicle such as a bus or train. | |

|fare (noun) |Train fares are going up again. |50 |

| |• of the present time. | |

|current (adjective) |Have you seen the current issue of (= the most recently published) Vogue magazine? |50 |

| |The word 'thou' (= you) is no longer in current use. | |

| |• a written or printed mark which has a standard meaning. | |

|signs (noun) |+ and - are mathematical signs. |50 |

| |£ is the sign for the British pound. | |

|brochure (noun) |• a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company. |51 |

|commuting (gerund) |• to make the same journey regularly between work and home. |51 |

| |It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day. | |

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download