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APUSH War Chart: French & Indian WarYears:1754-1763Ohio River Valley, Great Lakes Area, CanadaCauses:-Competing claims by Virginia/Pennsylvania, France, & Six Iroquois Nations-French began building Forts in the Ohio Valley -VA sent George Washington to persuade French to leave-French troops drove Washington back to VA-British dispatched General Braddock and 1000 regular troops to seize Fort DuquesneSides:British & Colonists v French & IndiansBattles:-Braddock’s defeat at Fort Duquesne (1755) (Braddock’s troops ambushed by Indians-Braddock killed)-British capture Fort Duquesne (1758)-British capture Louisbourg (French Fortress)-Fall of Quebec (1759)-Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-led to Proclamation of 1763Key People:-George Washington-defeat at Fort Duquesne-General Edward Braddock-defeat at Fort Duquesne (British) -William Pitt (British Secretary of State)-General Jeffery Amherst-Fall of Fort Duquesne & Louisbourg (British)-General James Wolfe-fall of Quebec & Louisbourg (British)-King George III (gains throne in 1760)Key Terms:Albany Plan of the UnionSalutary NeglectEffects/Aftermath:Treaty of Paris-France gave up all claims east of the Mississippi except New Orleans-France ceded the Louisiana Territory to Spain (sold back to France in 1800)-British have control of Canada-Colonists begin to rely on each other-Britain has great war debt and begins taxing colonists (end of Salutary neglect; use of Mercantilism)-Pontiac’s Rebellion will lead to the British leaving 10,000 British soldiers in the Ohio River Valley & Great Lakes regions-will lead to causes of American RevolutionAPUSH War Chart: American RevolutionYears:1775-1783New England, Canada, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies, FrontierCauses:British Action Colonial ResponseProclamation of 1763Sugar Act 1764Quartering Act 1765Stamp Act 1765 No taxation without representation Sons & Daughters of Liberty (tar & Feather) Boycotts of British goodsDeclaratory Act-1766 (Britain can tax &make laws in all cases)Townshend Acts-1767 (tax on tea, glass, paper that was used to pay British crown officials in the colonies-colonial assemblies used to pay these)Boston Massacre-1770 Committees of Corespondance-1772 Gaspee Affair-1772Tea Act-1773 Boston Tea Party-1773Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts-1774 (closed Boston Harbor, reduced power of Mass. Legislature while increasing power of royal governor, royal officials accused of crimes could be tried in England instead of the colonies, expanded the quartering act)Quebec Act-1774 (Roman Catholicism official religion of Quebec, extended Quebec’s border to Ohio River)The Enlightenment (Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes) The 3 Great Cries (Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act)-Intolerable Acts were a response to the Tea Party) Colonies & French v BritishAdvantages of the ColonistsKnowledge of LandMore CommittedFrench AssistanceThanks to Ben FranklinAdvantages of the BritishSuperior Navy Well StructuredMore MoneyBetter Equipment Battles:Lexington & Concord (Patriots/Minutemen v L.C. Smith)Fort Ticonderoga (Allen/Arnold v Delaplace)Bunker’s Hill (Putnam v Howe)British take New York City (Washington v Howe & Cornwallis)Trenton (Washington v Hessians)Princeton (Washington v Cornwallis)Saratoga (Gates/Arnold v Burgoyne)Cowpens (Morgan v Tarleton)Yorktown (Washington v Cornwallis)Key People:-Benedict Arnold (Fort Ticonderoga)-Ethan Allen (Fort Ticonderoga) -Nathaniel Greene, Robert Howe, Anthony Knox, General Washington (New York, NJ, Pennsylvania)-Guerilla Fighters-Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pickens, Francis Marion “Swamp Fox” (South Carolina & Georgia)-Daniel Boone (Frontier-against Colonists & British-aided Native Americans)-Marquis de La Fayette-French General who fought with Americans-Jeffrey Amherst-British Commander in Chief -General Jon Burgoyne (Saratoga)-General Charles CornwallisLoyalistsPatriots-Minutemen MinutemenJohn DickinsonPatrick HenryJohn AdamsGeorge WashingtonThomas PaineKey Terms:1st Continental Congress (Sept. 1774)2nd Continental Congress (May 1775)Olive Branch Petition (July 1775)Declaration of Independence (1776) Articles of Confederation (1781-1789)Effects/Aftermath:Treaty of Paris 1783--Diplomats-Ben Franklin, John Adams, John JayU.S. colonies, from S Canada to N Florida, become independent from Great BritainMississippi River is Western boundary Articles of Confederation 1781(1777)-1789APUSH War Chart: War of 1812Years:1812-1814Canada, Naval War, Chesapeake Campaign, Southern CampaignCauses:British ImpressmentBritish arming the Native AmericansSides:US v BritishBattles:Battle of Tippecanoe (WH Harrison) 1811Battle of Lake Erie (Oliver Perry) 1813Burning of Washington, D.C. 1814Battle of Fort McHenry-kept British from attacking Baltimore 1814Battle of Thames River (William Henry Harrison)-Tecumseh killed 1813Battle of Lake Champlain (Thomas Macdonough) 1814Horseshoe Bend (Andrew Jackson)-ended power of British ally the Creek Nation 1814Battle of New Orleans 1815Key People:James Madison-PresidentWar Hawks (Clay & Calhoun)Francis Scott KeyTecumseh The Prophet (Tecumseh’s brother)William Henry HarrisonOliver Hazard PerryAndrew Jackson “Old Hickory”Key Terms:Hartford Convention (evolved from Essex Junto) 1814Non Intercourse ActMacon’s Bill Number 2“Mr. Madison’s War”NationalismEra of Good FeelingsStar Spangled BannerEffects/Aftermath:-restored the status quo ante bellum (state of things before the war)- No territory changed hands-weakens Native American resistance to US Gov.-Americans begin expanding West-Post war Panic (Panic of 1819)-BUS had expired in 1811-Nationalism (Federalists have died)-Era of Good FeelingsAPUSH War Chart: Texan War for IndependenceYears:1835-1836Mexico Causes:-Manifest Destiny-Mexico offered opportunity for American settlers to farm Northern part of Texas-In 1830, Mexico closed further immigrationSides:US. (Texans) v MexicoBattles:Alamo (March 1836)San Jacinto (April 1836)Key People:Andrew Jackson-PresidentStephen AustinSam HoustonAntonio Lopez de Santa AnnaDavey CrockettLt. Colonel William TravisKey Terms:“Remember the Alamo” (Houston’s cry at San Jacinto)Effects/Aftermath:-Houston forced Santa Anna to sign treaty recognizing Texas Independence-Texas becomes independent from Mexico-Texas won’t become a state until 1845 (slavery debate)APUSH War Chart: Mexican American WarYears:1846-1848Mexico, CaliforniaCauses:-Manifest Destiny-Texas becomes a state in 1845-Border dispute (Rio Grande vs. Nueces River) -when the US congress annexed Texas, Polk sent John Slidell to gain Mexican recognition of annexation of Texas and to make the border the Rio Grande/offer $25 Million for California & New Mexico—Mexican government refused-Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to move South to the Rio Grande, hoping to provoke Mexican attackSides:U.S. v MexicoBattles:Capture of Mexico City (Winfield Scott)Key People:James K Polk-PresidentAntonio Lopez de Santa AnnaGeneral Winfield Scott “Old Fuss & Feathers” (Vera Cruz & Mexico City)Zachary Taylor “Old Rough & Ready” (Monterray)Colonel Stephen Kearny (New Mexico & California)John Slidell-diplomat to get Mexico to recognize American annexation of TexasNicholas Trist-negotiated Treaty of Guadelupe HidalgoJohn Fremont “The Pathfinder of the West”-helped establish control over California & establish the “Bear Flag Republic”Key Terms:Bear flag RepublicThoreau’s Civil DisobedienceMexican CessionWilmont ProvisoPopular SovereigntyCompromise 1850Freeport Doctrine, Kansas/Nebraska ActEffects/Aftermath:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/Mexican Cession (California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, parts of Colorado and Wyoming) $15 Million-Rio Grande becomes border-Will slavery expand to the new territories of the Mexican Cession? (Wilmot Proviso, Kansas Nebraska Act, Compromise of 1850, Freeport Doctrine)-creation of the Free-Soil Party (from Conscious Whigs & Liberty Party)APUSH War Chart: Civil WarYears:1861-1865Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Atlantic Causes:History of Sectionalism (economies of North & South, Compromise of 1820, SC Nullification Crisis, Abolition)Texas QuestionMexican CessionWilmont Proviso, 1846Compromise of 1850Ostend Manifesto, 1852Republican Party (Liberty Party merged with Conscious Whigs/Anti Slavery Democrats from Whigs to form Free Soil Party; Nativists; ), 1854Underground RRUncle Tom’s CabinTranscontinental RR DebateKansas Nebraska Act, 1854Bleeding KansasCaning of Charles Sumner, 1856Lecompton Constitution (Pro-slavery in Kansas)Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857John Brown’s Raid, 1859Lincoln’s Election, 1860Sides:Union (U.S.) v Confederacy (S)Advantages of the Union-Advanced industrial system-could produce lots of war materials-Much better transportation system-more RR’s-More people, could raise army easier-Sound banks and large cash reservesAdvantages of the Confederacy-“Home Field Advantage”-fighting on land that they know well-Fighting for a cause-committed to this fight-At first, supported by British & French because those countries depended on Southern cotton—they will never join the war on the side of the Confederacy, though the Confederacy wants them too-Superior leadership & Military Colleges -Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson -Citadel, Virginia Military Institute, US Naval AcademyBattles:Fort SumterBull RunMonitor v MerrimackShilohAntietamGettysburgFort WagonerVicksburgSherman’s March to the Sea Cold Harbor (Grant’s determination to win causes him to keep sending Union troops into battle to defeat the Confederates—earns the nickname “the Butcher”)Appomattox Court HouseKey People:Abraham Lincoln-PresidentJefferson Davis-President of the ConfederacyUnion Generals-George McClellen, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, George Meade, Ulysses Grant-William T Sherman-George Custer-Winfield Scott “Old Fuss & Feathers”-Robert G ShawConfederate Generals-Robert E Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, JEB Stuart, Nathan Bedford Forest, James Longstreet, Braxton Bragg, Joseph Johnston, PGT Beauregard, George Pickett, AP HillCopperheadsScalawagsCarpetbaggersRadical Republicans (Sumner & Stephens)Key Terms:Anaconda PlanConscriptionTrent AffairBorder StatesEx Parte MerrymanGreenbacks (Legal Tender Act)Suspension of Writ of Habeas CorpusCotton Diplomacy (British dependence on Southern cotton)Morill Land Grant ActHomestead ActPacific Railway ActEffects/Aftermath:-Appomattox Court House was the surrender-Reconstruction-Lincoln is assassinated, Andrew Johnson becomes President-Conflict between President Johnson and Radical Republicans-Southern rejection of Reconstruction (Redeemers, KKK/White League, Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, Solid South/Home Rule)-Start of the Jim Crow Era (Jim Crow Laws, Black Codes, lynching, Plessy v Ferguson)-South becomes more industrial (New South)-Start of the 2nd Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age & Age of ImperialismAPUSH War Chart: Spanish American WarYears:1898Cuba, Philippines Causes:ImperialismJose Marti revolution Spaniard Valeriano Weyler’s mistreatment of Cubans (spurred American support of Cubans)U.S.S. MaineDe Lome LetterYellow JournalismSides:US (Cubans) v SpainBattles:Manila BaySan Juan Hill/Kettle HillKey People:William McKinley-PresidentWilliam Randolph Hearst-New York JournalJoseph Pulitzer-New York WorldGeorge Dewey (Manila Bay)Teddy Roosevelt (Rough Rider)Rough RidersBuffalo SoldiersEmilio AguinaldoBoxersJose MartiAlfred T MahanCharles Darwin (Social Darwinism)Key Terms:Teller Amendment (US promised to help Cuba gain independence from Spain)Platt Amendment (made Cuba dependent on US)Anti-Imperialist LeagueHay’s Open Door PolicyPanama CanalBig StickSpheres of InfluenceYellow JournalismJingoismWhite Man’s BurdenEffects/Aftermath:Treaty of Paris -Spain recognized Cuba’s independence -PPG for $20 MillionAmerica’s Empire spreads from Caribbean to PacificAmerica has influence in foreign countriesUS gets involved in the Mexican Revolution chasing Pancho VillaAPUSH War Chart: WWIYears:1914-1918US-1917-1918Western Front-(Belgium & France)Eastern Front-(Boarder of Russian & Germany)Italian Campaign-(boarder of Italy & Austria-Hungary)Gallipoli (Southern Peninsula of Turkey [Ottoman Empire])War at Sea (German subs [u-boats] & British Subs)Causes:Long-Term-Militarism-Alliance-Imperialism-NationalismShort Term-Assassination of Franz FerdinandUS In WWI-Zimmerman-Unrestricted Sub Warfare (Lusitania) & Sussex Pledge (Germany pledged not to attack merchant ships without warning)Sides:Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, US) v Central (Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary)Battles:Key People:President WilsonIrreconcilables-(Hiram Johnson, William Borah, Robert La Follette, Henry Cabot Lodge)American Expeditionary Force-John J Pershing “Black Jack”Jeannete Rankin (first woman in Congress—voted against War)Key Terms:-Selective Service Act 1917-War Industries Board (coordinate military purchasing & ensure production efficiency)-Bernard Baruch-Food Administration-Herbert Hoover-Committee on Public Information-George Creel-Espionage Act-Sedition Act-Schenck v US-Great Migration -Paris Peace Conference, 1917 (Big 4-Wilson, Clemenceau, Orlando, Lloyd George)-Wilson’s 14 Points-League of Nations-Doughboys-Trench Warfare-Washington Naval Conference/Kellogg Briand PactEffects/Aftermath:-Treaty of Versailles-1919 (Germany-War guilt, reparations, no military)-Russia pulls out of WWI because of the Communist Bolshevik Revolution-Wilson embarked on a 9,000 mile train trip across America to defend his League of Nations—suffered a stroke-creates 1st Red Scare in US-A Mitchell Palmer & J Edgar Hoover-Chicago Race Riots-1919 IWW Seattle General Strike-1920’s become a “Return to Normalcy” (time before Progressive Era; Laissez-Faire; Nativism)-US remains isolationist (Nye Committee-found Americas banking and munitions interests, “merchants of death,” had brought US into WWI to protect their loans and weapons sales to Britain and France)-Post-war Economic “Boom”APUSH War Chart: WWIIYears:1939-1945US-1941-1945European Theatre (Allies v Axis powers)Pacific Theatre (US & Australia v Japanese)Africa (Allies defending their colonies against the Axis)—Italy is close to N AfricaAsia (Allies defending their colonies against the Axis)Causes:Long Term-Treaty of Versailles (allows Hitler to rise to power)Short Term-Hitler invades Poland (Appeasement Fails)US in WWII-Pearl Harbor Sides:Allies (Britain, France, Soviet Union, & US) v Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan)Battles:Europe-Stalingrad (turning point in East Europe)-Operation Overlord/DDay (turning point in West Europe)-Battle of the BulgePacific-Midway (turning point in Pacific)-Iwo Jima-OkinawaKey People:President Franklin RooseveltAmerica First Committee-Charles LindberghRobert OppenheimerGeneral Eisenhower (DDay)General MacArthur (Admiral NimitzGeneral Patton (Africa)Braceros-(Mexican temporary workers to fill agricultural shortage)Navaho Code TalkersKey Terms:-Good Neighbor Policy-Appeasement of Hitler-Atlantic Charter-Destroyers for Bases-Lend Lease-Selective Service Act 1940 (first peacetime draft)-Arsenal of Democracy-Export Control Act (ban on trade with Japan)-War Production Board (limited production of civilian goods)-“Dr. New Deal” now “Dr. Win the War”-Manhattan Project-Island Hopping-Kamikaze-Rosie the Riveter-Korematsu v US (Exec. Order 9066/Japanese Internment)-Tehran Conference (Soviets agree to enter war against Japan—Soviet would invade Germany/2nd front in Europe [DDay])-Yalta Conference (discussed partitioning Germany into 4 zones, agreed on a United Nations)-Potsdam Conference (agreed to unconditional surrender of Japan, hold war crimes trials, Stalin realized US tested A Bomb)-San Francisco Conference (United Nations is created here)Effects/Aftermath:-Ends Great Depression-Cold War begins (US containment policy)-Atomic Bombs begin Cold War; Arms Race; Space Race-Germany is divided-2nd Red Scare in US (HUAC, McClarran, McCarthy)-Post-War Economic “Boom”APUSH War Chart: Korean WarYears:1950-1953KoreaCauses:Containment of CommunismSides:United Nations (US)/South Korea v China/North KoreaBattles:Key People:President TrumanGeneral MacArthur (fired because he wants to invade China)George Keenan’s ContainmentChurchill’s “Iron Curtain”Key Terms:National Security Act 1947Marshall PlanTruman DoctrineNATOChina becomes Communist38th ParallelDMZEffects/Aftermath:-Communism Contained at 38th ParallelAPUSH War Chart: Vietnam ConflictYears:(1955)1965-1975Vietnam, Cambodia/LaosCauses:Containment-North invades SouthSides:United Nations (US)/South Vietnam & North VietnamBattles:Operation Rolling ThunderTetCambodia/LoasMy LaiKey People:President Kennedy (supports Diem Regime)President Johnson (Escalates war-Gulf of Tonkin)President Nixon (further escalates the war-Cambodia & Laos)General WestmorelandHo Chi MinhVietcongDoves v HawksSDS & FSM (college protests & Civil Rights activists)Security Advisor Henry Kissinger “Peace is at Hand”Key Terms:Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionsHo Chi Minh Trail“Living Room War” “Hey Hey LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?”“Poor Man’s War”Kent State1968 Democratic National Convention (helps get Nixon elected as Republican candidate)Napalm/Agent Orange“Peace with Honor,” Vietnaminization (Nixon)Brinkmanship, Domino Theory, Massive Retaliation (Eisenhower)Pentagon PapersEffects/Aftermath:-Johnson’s Great Society/War on Poverty Suffers-Communism is NOT contained at the 17th Parallel-entire country communist-26th Amendment-War Powers ActAPUSH War Chart: Persian Gulf WarYears:Causes:Sides:Battles:Key People:Key Terms:Effects/Aftermath: ................
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