Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines in Aquaculture
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines in Aquaculture
Phillip Klesius and Julia Pridgeon
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama 36832
Abstract
Aquaculture has emerged as an important economical agribusiness, worldwide. Among the top barrier to growth of aquaculture is infectious disease that is causing severe economic losses. Bacterial species of more than 20 genera have been reported as causes of diseases. The risk of disease is often very high, especially in intensive and recirculation culture systems. The best prevention of disease is vaccination. Vaccines are an integral tool in any health management strategy to economically rearing food fish. Live attenuated vaccines have been extensively and very successfully used against a number of animal and human diseases. Live attenuated vaccines naturally mimic the interactions between the host and the pathogen which best led to the optimal protective immune responses. Thus, the most valid preventative strategy in the fight against infectious disease of fish is live attenuated vaccines. In addition, the advantages of such vaccines include relatively low production cost, easy delivery method and the long duration of protection. Aspects of biosafety, efficacy, economic benefits, methods of production and delivery, some of the available and promising live attenuated bacterial vaccines will be discussed.
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