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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY TESTAP PSYCHPractice Test1.When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the U.S. invasion of Iraq, some Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms ofA)social traps.B)cognitive dissonance theory.C)social exchange theory.D)the two-factor theory.E)equity theory.2.The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a larger request is known as theA)reciprocity norm.B)fundamental attribution error.C)mere exposure effect.D)bystander effect.E)foot-in-the-door phenomenon.3.In the years immediately following the introduction of school desegregation in the United States and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, White Americans expressed diminishing racial prejudice. According to the text author, this best illustrated the impact ofA)groupthink on deindividuation.B)bystanders on altruism.C)actions on attitudes.D)obedience on conformity.E)group polarization on stereotypes.4.Casandra, who is attractive and likable, has just telephoned Mike and asked him for a date. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, Mike is likely to experience the most intense romantic feelings for Casandra during their telephone conversation if he has justA)awakened from a short nap.B)finished eating a delicious meal.C)started writing a romantic poem.D)completed a series of aerobic exercises.E)been studying his history lecture notes.5.The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is calledA)central route persuasion.B)social facilitation.C)group polarization.D)the mere exposure effect.E)ingroup bias.6.Social loafing is MOST likely to occur amongA)audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced.B)children at a party all trying to break a pi?ata in order to get candy.C)factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity.D)students who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers.E)a group of runners competing for first place in a race.7.Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.A)dispositional attribution; situational attributionB)attitude; behaviorC)ingroup bias; outgroup biasD)normative influence; informational influenceE)role; norm8.Studies indicate thatA)Arabs prefer more personal space than do Scandinavians.B)women prefer more personal space than do men.C)the French prefer more personal space than do the British.D)young people prefer more personal space than do older adults.E)North Americans prefer more personal space than do Latin Americans.9.Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?A)the chameleon effect.B)social facilitation.C)mirror-image perceptions.D)the bystander effect.E)central route persuasion.10.A social trap is a situation in whichA)people lose self-awareness in group situations that foster anonymity.B)a lack of critical thinking results from a strong desire for group harmony.C)the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm.D)there are insufficient resources to satisfy the needs of all group members.E)altruism violates a social-responsibility norm.11.We have a tendency to overestimate the similarities among people we have sorted into a single category. This best illustrates the ________ roots of prejudice.A)emotionalB)socialC)cognitiveD)biologicalE)neurological12.Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.A)anonymity; stressB)stress; social loafingC)self-awareness; deindividuationD)anonymity; groupthinkE)self-awareness; social facilitation13.Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute toA)cognitive dissonance.B)group polarization.C)the fundamental attribution error.D)the bystander effect.E)social loafing.14.Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes inA)genetic predispositions.B)migration patterns.C)communication systems.D)scientific knowledge.E)social norms.15.Conformity is best described asA)following the directions of a powerful authority figure.B)performing simple tasks more quickly in the presence of others.C)losing self-awareness in group situations that foster anonymity.D)adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard.E)neglecting critical thinking in order to preserve group harmony.16.The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is calledA)deindividuation.B)the fundamental attribution error.C)the bystander effect.D)the mere exposure effect.E)ingroup bias.17.Accepting others' opinions about reality is to ________ as the desire to gain approval is to ________.A)informational social influence; normative social influenceB)deindividuation; social facilitationC)ingroup bias; outgroup biasD)social facilitation; deindividuationE)normative social influence; informational social influence18.If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as “strong” when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this would be considered to illustrateA)cognitive dissonance.B)the fundamental attribution error.C)implicit prejudice.D)a social trap.E)deindividuation.19.The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.A)think about, influence, and relate toB)understand, feel about, and behave towardC)understand, predict, and controlD)observe, understand, and communicate withE)perceive, think about, and talk about20.Vince, an extraverted university freshman, has just moved into a dormitory. Vince is most likely to become friends withA)Mohammed, an introverted student who lives on the next floor and enjoys playing chess.B)James, a lonely sophomore who lives down the hall and is undecided about his major.C)Ester, a freshman who sits across the row from him in his first large lecture class.D)Alfonse, a junior who is majoring in psychology and lives across the hall.E)Bill, his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.21.Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifyingA)group polarization.B)superordinate goals.C)the bystander effect.D)social inequalities.E)deindividuation.22.Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustratesA)social facilitation.B)normative social influence.C)peripheral route persuasion.D)cognitive dissonance.E)central route persuasion.23.Attribution theory was designed to account forA)the loss of self-awareness that occurs in group situations.B)the process of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others.C)how people explain others' behavior.D)social facilitation and social loafing.E)the impact of both heredity and environment on social behavior.24.After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of theA)fundamental attribution error.B)frustration-aggression principle.C)foot-in-the-door phenomenon.D)ingroup bias.E)mere exposure effect.25.In Milgram's obedience experiments, “teachers” were MOST likely to deliver high levels of shock whenA)the “learner” was placed in a different room from the “teacher.”B)they saw that other “learners” disobeyed the experimenter.C)they were introduced to the “learner” before the experiment began.D)the experimenter was perceived to be an ordinary college student like themselves.E)they saw how “learners” who disobeyed the experimenter were punished.26.People heavily exposed to violent pornography are likely to engage in sexually aggressive behaviors that reflect a misleadingA)hindsight bias.B)two-factor theory.C)social-responsibility norm.D)social script.E)bystander effect.27.Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustratesA)social facilitation.B)superordinate goals.C)peripheral route persuasion.D)informational social influence.E)central route persuasion.28.During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?A)social exchange theoryB)two-factor theoryC)frustration-aggression theoryD)cognitive dissonance theoryE)attribution theory29.Having observed participants in his simulated prison study, Philip Zimbardo offered an explanation for the destructive behavior of U.S. military guards at Iraq's Abu Ghraib Prison. Zimbardo's explanation best exemplifiedA)the catharsis hypothesis.B)the two-factor theory.C)mirror-image perceptions.D)a dispositional attribution.E)a situational attribution.30.Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior areA)social facilitation and social exchange.B)reciprocity and social responsibility.C)similarity and proximity.D)reciprocity and social facilitation.E)social-responsibility and social exchange.31.Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.A)amygdalaB)sensory cortexC)medullaD)hypothalamusE)frontal lobes32.Hostilities between the Iraqi Sunni and Shia and between Northern Ireland Protestants and Catholics illustrate the irony that sometimes the greatest dislike is expressed between groups thatA)discriminate because of outgroup bias rather than ingroup bias.B)value the reciprocity norm.C)are much more alike than different.D)demonstrate groupthink.E)experience deindividuation.33.Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ________ tasks.A)simpleB)novelC)stressfulD)unenjoyableE)challenging34.The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is calledA)the other-race effect.B)ingroup bias.C)the mere exposure effect.D)deindividuation.E)mirror-image perception. Answer Key – Practice Test1.B2.E3.C4.D5.C6.A7.B8.E9.A10.C11.C12.C13.A14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.A20.E21.D22.E23.C24.B25.A26.D27.C28.D29.E30.B31.E32.C33.A34.A ................
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