Chapter 23 Reading Guide: The Emergence of Industrial ...
Chapter Summary. Western society was dominated by two themes: political upheaval, and the spread of Western institutions and values to settler societies. By 1914, monarchies had been overthrown and parliamentary democracy expanded. More individuals voted. European settler societies became important international players in an altered world balance of power. Western society experienced dramatic cultural changes. The transformation can be subdivided: from the late 18th century, a growing crisis caused a host of changes; experimentation with change occurred between 1775 and 1850; and from 1850 to 1914 a more mature stage was reached. FORCES OF CHANGEINTELLECTUAL CHANGE AND POPULATION PRESSURE1. What were the 3 forces of change? Describe them in detail. THE TIDE OF REVOLUTION, 1789-1830THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION2. How was the American Revolution not really a revolution? 3. What were the 3 things the textbook said the colonists were upset about?4. What aided the colonists in winning?5. In 1789, they wrote a new constitutional structure based on what? Explain the key components of this Constitution. CRISIS IN FRANCE IN 17896. What were the movements of change that helped spur on the French Revolution?7. What event was the final straw?8. Explain the Estates System in France before the revolution. 9. How did Louis XVI want to fix the problems going on in France?10. When they formed a new assembly, who made up the majority?11. What major ideological document was written and what freedom did focus on?12. What day is their “independence” day?13. What kind of government did they form?THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: RADICAL & AUTHORITARIAN PHASES14. Why did radicals take over the government in 1792?15. What were some the actions they adopted? And what was this period called?16. Who was the radical leader? What were his goals?17. What was the major “ism” that replaced loyalty to church and region?18. Who marked the final phase of the revolution?19. What were the negative and positive changes did he bring to the revolution?20. What caused him to fail in his expansionist policy?A CONSERVATIVE SETTLEMENT AND THE REVOLUTIONARY LEGACY21. What happened at the Congress of Vienna in 1815?22. What were the ideals pushed by the liberals?23. What were the ideals pushed by the radicals?THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION24. What kind of technology replaced people and animals?25. What were some of the things going on that helped kick off the Industrial Revolution?ORIGINS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1770-184026. What industry was affected first by mechanization? 26. What invention kicked off the Industrial Revolution?27. What do you think the significance of interchangeable parts is?28. What inventions aided in the movement of information and products?29. What changed happened in agricultural production?30. Where did people live and why?31. What was one of the basic changes in human lives?32. What were the environmental effects of industrialization?THE SPREAD OF INDUSTRY33. Which country led the way in industrialization? Why were they quickest to industrialize? THE DISRUPTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE34. How did the industrial revolution affect family life?35. What did factory owners do to try to get their money worth out of their labor?36. What were the new views toward women and children by the middle-class during the I.R.?THE REVOLUTIONS OF 184837. What were the 4 things that governments did to encourage industrialization?38. Who and what movement wanted help from the government, because of industrialization and increased voting rights?39. What was the result of the revolutions?40. What was the new social structure based on?THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL ORDER, 1850-191441. What new “1st” was reached in the West during this time?ADJUSTMENTS TO INDUSTRIAL LIFE42. What was the change in birth rates? And what did this represent?43. How much of the population was above subsistence existence?44. What happened to the morality of women and children and why?45. What did unions help workers do?46. What was the purpose of cooperatives?POLITICAL TRENDS AND THE RISE OF NEW NATIONS47. Identify the importance of these people: Benjamin Disraeli, Count Camillo di Cavour, Otto von Bismarck. 48. How did different political ideologies become less extreme? 49. Why was Europe watching the American Civil War?50. What characteristics do most European countries have?THE SOCIAL QUESTIONS AND NEW GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS51. When basic constitutional fights were settled governments could focus on what?52. What institution did Europeans adopt from China? What was its’ purpose?53. What did the government do for education? And what was school like?54. How did Germany pioneer the way of socialism?55. Explain Marx’s views on the economic and social status of Europe. 56. What did revisionism advocate?57. What were the goals and successes of the feminist movement? CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONSEMPHASIS ON CONSUMPTION AND LEISURE58. What 2 things improved for the working class?59. What was the purpose of the first advertising?60. What was is an example of the first product craze?61. What new types of entertainment were people able to participate?ADVANCES IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE62. How did science help agriculture?63. Identify the importance of the following: Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud. NEW DIRECTIONS IN ARTISTIC EXPRESSION64. Identify the importance of the following: Charles Dickens, Georges Seurat, Romanticism. 65. What is the new trend in art during this time? Describe it. WESTERN SETTLER SOCIETIES66. Why did the Industrial Revolution prompt expansion?67. What from the Industrial Revolution allowed expansion to take place in an intensified pace?68. How did Europe deal with each other in its quest to expand?EMERGING POWER OF THE UNITED STATES69. What was the US focused on instead of being a major part of World History during this time?70. Explain the Monroe Doctrine. 71. Write a quick description of the American Civil War (who fought on each side, why they were fighting, years of the war, outcome of the war). EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND72. Why was it so easy for European to resettle?73. What major conflict existed in Canada?74. How did the British rule Canada, so that it didn’t lose it? 75. Who made up the majority of British emigrants to Australia?76. What major industry did Australia have?77. What discovery really excited the British about Australia?78. How did these new colonies differ from the American colonies?**** DON’T FORGET YOUR VOCAB SHEET**** ................
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