ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND USAGE

[Pages:280]ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND USAGE

III SEMESTER

(2019 Admission)

B A ENGLISH

Core Course

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

School of Distance Education, Calicut University (P.O), Malappuram,

Kerala, India 673635

19009

School of Distance Education

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Study Material

III SEMESTER

B A ENGLISH

Core Course ENG3 B04

2019 Admission

ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND USAGE

Prepared by: Module 1 & 2: Smt. Smitha N, Assistant Professor of English (On Contract), School of Distance Education, Calicut University.

Module 3, 4 &5: Smt. Nabeela Musthafa Assistant Professor of English (On Contract). School of Distance Education, Calicut University.

Scrutinized by:

Dr. Muhammed Noufal K., Assistant Professor Department of English CKGM Govt. College, Perambra.

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Contents

Introduction

Module 1

Basic Grammatical Units: 1. Form class and Function words 2. Identifying the Grammatical labels and Functional labels of words. 3. Verb in Function ? Gerunds Infinitives, Participles ? their uses

4. Mood and Modality 5. English Morphology

6. Synonyms, Antonyms, Precise Use 7. Phrasal Verbs

Module 2

The Sentence 1. Word Order and Sentence Pattern 2. Coordination and Subordination

Module 3

Sentence Transformations: A Relook at Traditional

Categories

1. Transformation of Sentences

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2. Tag Questions 3. Active and Passive Voice 4. Direct and Indirect Speech 5. Simple, Complex, Compound 6. Collocation 7. Movement

Module 4

Important Grammatical Concepts 1. Time, Tense and Aspects 2. Anomalous Finites 3. Subject ? Verb agreement in Sentences. 4. Degree of Comparison

Module 5: Practical Exercises:

1. Reorder jumbled sentences 2. Correct the given sentences according to accepted Modern usage and justify the changes made 3. Paragraph Editing (with more focus on grammatical corrections) 4. Translate a passage from Mother Tongue to English Sources and References

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Introduction

This course aims at preparing undergraduate students to learn how to use language with a proper knowledge of the nuances of structure and usage of English language. It aims at a recapitulation of English grammar and usage that learners would have acquired at the lower levels. Part one of this SLM contains a study of grammatical units. This section also deals with concepts related to morphology, synonyms/antonyms and phrasal verbs. Part two modules 2 and 3 deal with sentences that too based on fundamental patterns. Further the discussion moves ahead with sentence transformations such as active/passive/ direct/indirect/ simple, complex and compound forms. Part four Module 4 is a revisit into the specific features of language use involving tenses, concord, degrees of comparison and others.

Part five Module 5 is a section on composition

related to re- ordering of sentences, sentence correction,

editing of paragraphs and translation. A few exercises

are also added for practice.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: a. To familiarize the students with the key concepts of English grammar and to use them more sensitively in their day-to-day communication needs. b. To help students to equip with better language use through the understanding of the sentence patterns in English. c. To help the students develop a sense of English grammar, idioms, syntax, semantics and their usage.

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MODULE I

Basic Grammatical Units

In this Chapter you will be introduced The basic concepts of `Grammar' The terms labels, levels and function Basic concept of grammar Grammar includes the rules that govern the way

sentences are formed and words are used to make meaning. Improving your grammar will make it easier for your reader to understand your writing. Learning about grammar will enable you to better understand the feedback that you are given on your assignments.

Grammar is the study of words, how they are used in sentences, and how they change in different situations. There are two different ways that language has been talked about in disciplines that focus on the use of language. We can talk about these different

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approaches to language as descriptive grammar vs. prescriptive grammar.

Prescriptive grammar describes when people focus on talking about how a language should or ought to be used. This approach assumes that the experts know how the language works. They set out arbitrary rules and for how it should be used and for what should not be used (proscriptions), based on norms derived from a particular model of grammar. One way to remember this association is to think of going to a doctor's office. When a doctor gives you a prescription for medication, it often includes directions about how you should take your medication as well as what you should not do when taking your medication. In a similar way, a prescriptive grammar tells you how you should speak, and what type of language to avoid. This is commonly found in English classes as well as other language classes, where the aim is to teach people how to use language in a very particular (typically described as `proper' or `correct') way.

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