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Biol 212 Worksheet:Exam Review IISupplemental InstructionIowa State UniversityLeader:GregCourse:Biology 212 (2)Instructor:KukdayDate:10/4/15Which of the following statements regarding energy is true?Potential energy represents the energy of motion.Kinetic energy represents the stored energy, such as chemical bonds.The first law of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.The second law of energy states that the transformation of energy must decrease entropy.Which of the following statements regarding ATP is false?Breaking the phosphate bond requires energy.Reforming new bonds after breaking the phosphate bond releases energy.The total ΔG for ATP hydrolysis is +8.2 kcal / mol.It is easy to break the high energy phosphate bond.What does ATP stand for?Adenosine triphosphateAdenine triphosphateAdenosine trans-phosphateAdenine trans-phosphateWhat word refers to a reaction that releases energy?ExergonicEndergonicIntergonicIntragonicThe ΔG for a certain reaction is +5.1 kcal / mol. Which of the following statements is false?This reaction is endergonic.This reaction will not happen spontaneously.If coupled with ATP hydrolysis, this reaction will happen spontaneously.A large amount of energy is released at the end of the reaction.Enzymes are usually which biological molecule?LipidProteinCarbohydrateNucleic AcidAn enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction by:increasing the energy of the reaction.lowering the energy of the products.lowering the activation energy.raising the energy of the products.Which of the following statements regarding enzyme regulation is false?Activators turn “on” an petitive inhibitors permanently turn “off” an enzyme.Enzymes can be inhibited at the active site or at an allosteric site.In feedback inhibition, the products of a series of reactions inhibit an earlier step to prevent over accumulation of a product.What is the overall energy yield of a single glycolysis cycle?0 ATP, 2 NADH2 ATP, 2 NADH4 ATP, 4 NADH4 ATP, 0 NADH______ is the typical carbon starting material of glycolysis, and ______ is the product.Lipids; Acetyl CoAGlucose; PyruvateFructose; AcetaldehydeGlucose; OxaloacetateWhat type of fermentation occurs in animal cells in the absence of oxygen?Lactic acid (lactate) fermentationAlcoholic fermentationGalactic fermentationNone of these; fermentation can only occur in yeast cells.Which of the following statements regarding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is false?PDH is an enzyme complex that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoAPDH deficiency can result in lactate acidosis.A treatment option for PDH deficiency is a high carbohydrate, low fat diet.Dichloroacetate blocks the enzyme that inactivates PDH.Which of the steps of cellular respiration is incorrectly matched with its location for eukaryotes?Glycolysis – CytoplasmPyruvate processing – Mitochondrial matrixCitric acid cycle – Plasma membrane of mitochondriaOxidative phosphorylation – Inner membrane of mitochondriaWhich of the following is false regarding oxidative phosphorylation?Carbon monoxide is the final electron acceptor of the ETC; it is reduced to form carbon dioxide and water.The ETC and ATP synthesis are coupled; that is, one process cannot happen without the other occurring as well.One way to measure ATP synthesis is by using a radioactive ADP precursor and checking for the appearance of labelled ATP.DNP acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.What does DNP stand for?2,5-Dinitrophosphate3,4-Dinucleicphosphate3,6-Deoxynitrophenol2,4-DinitrophenolWhat is the total reaction for photosynthesis?6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 CO3 CO2 + 2 H2O C2H6O3 + 2 O26 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O12 CO2 + 6 O2 + 6H2O 12CH4 + 3OH-Which of the following statements regarding chlorophyll is true?Chlorophyll absorbs green light the best; this is why we see plants as green.Light is captured in the head region of the chlorophyll.Chlorophyll absorbs light at all wavelengths of the visible spectrum.The tail region of chlorophyll has no known function.Which of the following statements regarding photosystems is false?There are two different photosystems in plants.Electrons flow from Photosystem I to Photosystem II via an ETC.Electrons that reach a high reducing potential come from the splitting of water.Photosystems are effectively a group of organized chlorophyll molecules.Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions?NADPHATPFADH2O2 (molecular oxygen)Where does the Calvin cycle take place?Thylakoid membraneCytoplasmStromaGranumWhich of the following is not a phase of the Calvin cycle?FixationReductionOxidationRegenerationWhat is the correct reaction that happens during the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle?3 RuBP + 3 CO2 6 3PGA6 3PGA + 6 ATP + 6 NADPH 6 G3P5 G3P + 3 ATP 3 RuBPNone of the above correctly represents the reduction phase.Which of the following is false regarding Rubisco?It is thought to be the most abundant enzyme on Earth.It is vital in the generation of RuBP.Rubisco’s active sites can interact with CO2 and O2.Rubisco stands for Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.Regarding the Hershey-Chase experiment, which of the following is false?32P was used to create radioactive DNA15N was used to create radioactive proteinsThis experiment showed that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material.Radioactive proteins were only found in the “ghosts” outside cells.Which of the following is true regarding DNA Polymerase?It can synthesize DNA in both the 5’3’ and 3’5’ directions.It can only synthesize DNA in the 3’5’ direction.It can only synthesize DNA in the 5’3’ direction.DNA Polymerase does not require a primer to start synthesis.The replication fork is:the Y-shaped region where the DNA is split into two separate strands for copyinggrowing as DNA replication proceeds because synthesis is bidirectionalthe location at which the replication process beginspresent only in bacterial cells and not in eukaryotesWhich enzyme is correctly matched with its function?Helicase – reforms the double helix following replicationPrimase – removes primers following DNA synthesisTopoisomerase – relieves tension downstream from the replication forkLigase – separates the two DNA strands to prepare for synthesisWhat enzyme removes the RNA primer from the beginning of each Okazaki fragment?DNA Polymerase IDNA Polymerase IIDNA Polymerase IIIDNA LigaseIf the sequence 5’-ATCAAGCATTCA-3’ were replicated, what strand would be formed?5’-ATCAAGCATTCA-3’5’-TAGTTCGTAAGT-3’5’-ACTTACGAACTA-3’5’-TGAATGCTTGAT-3’What correctly represents the central dogma?DNA mRNA ProteinDNA tRNA mRNA ProteinmRNA DNA tRNAmRNA tRNA ProteinWhat is the difference between genotype and phenotype?The genotype is the proteins that are produced; the phenotype is the proteins that are absent that should be produced.The genotype is the sequence of bases present; the phenotype is the proteins that these sequences produce.The genotype is the proteins produced that do not have effect the organism; the phenotype is proteins that affect an organism’s outward appearance.The genotype and phenotype are different words that describe the same thing.Reverse transcriptase is commonly found in what types of organism?VirusesBacteriaPlantsAnimalsA codon is made up of how many bases?235Codons vary in the number of bases they are made of.The following table may be needed for the following questions.What does it mean that the genetic code is redundant?Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.One codon never codes for more than one amino acid.One codon can always code for multiple amino acids.None of the above – the genetic code is not redundant.CUA codes for which amino acid?IsoleucineSerineLeucineCUA can code for two of these amino acids.Given the following DNA strand, predict the amino acid sequence.5’-ATGCCCGATCGGTATTAA-3’3’-TACGGGCTAGCCATAATT-5’Met – Pro – Asp – Arg – Tyr – STOPSTOP – Tyr – Arg – Asp – Pro – MetTyr – Gly – Leu – Ala – Ile – IleIle – Ile – Ala – Leu – Gly – TyrA mRNA undergoes the following mutation:AUG-AAG-ACU-AUC-AUU to AUG-UAG-ACU-AUC-AUUWhat is this type of mutation called?Silent mutationNonsense mutationMissense mutationFrame shift mutationWhat is a holoenzyme?An enzyme that is only present in eukaryotes.An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate to molecules.An enzyme that is required for correcting mutations to DNA.None of the aboveWhat is a difference between DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases?RNA polymerases synthesize in the 3’5’ direction, while DNA polymerases synthesize in the 5’3’ direction.RNA polymerases require a primer, while DNA polymerases do not.RNA polymerases do not require a primer, while DNA polymerases do.RNA polymerases are able to synthesize in either the 3’5’ direction or the 5’3’ direction, while DNA polymerases synthesize only in the 5’3’ direction.What are the three phases of transcription?Denaturation, annealing, extensionIntroduction, growth, declinePriming, polymerization, reductionInitiation, elongation, terminationWhich of the following is a promoter for eukaryotes?-10 box-35 boxTATA boxAll of the above are promoters for eukaryotes.Which of the following statements regarding exons and introns is false?Exons are the coding regions of mRNA.Introns are only present in eukaryotes and are absent in prokaryotes.Introns are the noncoding regions of mRNA.All of the above statements are true.What is a tRNA covalently linked to its corresponding amino acid called?Reduced tRNAsiRNAAminoacyl tRNAAminophenol tRNAWhat is true about tRNA?There are about 100 different tRNA in most cells, so each codon has more than one tRNA that can bind to it, while each tRNA binds to only one codon.The wobble hypothesis states that an anticodon can bind to a codon even if the third position is not the typical Watson-Crick base pairing.There are only about 40 different tRNA in most cells, so not all amino acids are able to be produced in each cell.tRNA molecules can have a variety of structures.How many subunits do ribosomes have?2 equal size subunits2 smaller subunits and 2 larger subunits1 smaller subunit and 1 larger subunitRibosomes can have any number of subunits.Which of the following is the function of the A site of the ribosome?Where peptide bonds are formedWhere the ribosome accepts aminoacyl tRNAWhere tRNA molecules exit the ribosomeAll of the above happen at the A site of the ribosome.What is the purpose of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?Ribosome binding site preceding the start codonCalls for termination ahead of the stop codonSequence that codes for an enzyme to degrade a protein that has an errorAids in the formation of peptide bondsThe following table may be needed for the following questions.Which of the following is a correct difference between alcoholics and nonalcoholics?The ADH3*1/*2 genotype is more common in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics.Alcoholics and nonalcoholics are equally likely to have the ALDH2*2 allele.The ADH2*1/*1 genotype is more common in nonalcoholics than in alcoholics.All of the above are accurate differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics.Which of the following is not a level of gene expression in eukaryotes?Chromatin remodelingRNA processingPost-translationalAll of the above are levels of gene expression in eukaryotes.What is a nucleosome?Fundamental subunit of chromatinDNA wrapped around 8 histone proteinsA enzyme that promotes the unraveling of DNABoth a and b are correct.Which of the following statements regarding enhancers is false?Enhancers can be located more than 100,000 bases away from the promoter.Enhancers may be located in introns.If an enhancer is moved to a new location on the same chromosome, they are unable to continue functioning.Enhancers function using positive control.Which of the following statements about basal transcription factors is incorrect?They interact with the promoter.They are not cell-type specific.They are required for transcription.They regulate gene expression. ................
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