CIRCULATORY SYSTEM - Weebly
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Function:
• _________________________________________
• _________________________________________
• _________________________________________
• _________________________________________
• _________________________________________
• _________________________________________
BLOOD
• A red sticky substance
• Body contains 5L of blood
• Blood with high O2 is bright red; dark red with low O2
Composition: _______________________________
_________________________________________________________
1) Plasma
2) Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
3) Leukocytes (white blood cells)
4) Thrombocytes (platelets)
Blood Types
• Determined by the presence or absence of antigens
• Antigen – a molecule recognized as foreign by the immune system. Causes the body to release antibodies.
• Antibody – a protein that recognizes an antigen
|Blood Type |Antigen Present |Antibody Present |
|A |A |B |
|B |B |A |
|AB |A and B |None |
|O |None |A and B |
Universal Donor – Type O – has no antigens
Universal Receiver – Type AB – has both antigens, no antibodies
BLOOD VESSELS
|Arteries |Capillaries |Veins |
| |Exchange of materials between blood and tissues | |
| | | |
| |Thin walls 1 cell layer thick | |
| | | |
| |1 cell at a time | |
| | | |
| |No valves | |
| | | |
| |Move blood at low speed. Cells move single file | |
| | | |
| |Low pressure | |
| | | |
| |Links arterioles and venules | |
| | | |
Flow of Blood through the Heart
Pulmonary Circulation – ____________________________________________
Systemic Circulation – _______________________________________________
Coronary Circulation – ______________________________________
Supplies the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients
1. _________________ blood flows into the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava
2. Right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve (atrio-ventricular valve) into the right ventricle
3. Blood is pumped out through the semi-lunar valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs
4. Blood picks up oxygen (gets rid of CO2) at the alveoli
5. ____________blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium
6. Left atrium pumps blood through the bicuspid valve (A-V valve) into the left ventricle
7. Blood is pumped through the semi-lunar valve to the aorta and out to the coronary arteries and the rest of the body.
• The entire cycle takes about 20 seconds
• The heart is a double pump. Deoxygenated blood on the right, oxygenated blood on the left.
• The fetal heart has a hole between the left and right atrium to exchange oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Control of the Heartbeat
➢ Cardiac muscle contracts spontaneously
➢ The heart beat is _________________(_________________) and is under _____________________ control
➢ Originates in the __________________ (SA node) located in the right atrium. ( ____________
➢ Sends a nerve impulse that causes contraction of the atria
➢ This impulse spreads to the _____________________ (AV node), then to the Bundle of HIS down to the apex of the heart and to the perkinji fibres.
➢ This causes contraction of the ventricles.
➢ Nerves and hormones can slow down or speed up the heart beat (eg. Adrenalin)
➢ An increased CO2 level sensed by medulla in the brain (therefore a greater need for oxygen)
The Cardiac Cycle & Blood Pressure
Cardiac Cycle – the sequence of actions of a heart beat.
One cardiac cycle involves:
Diastole – relaxation or resting of heart chambers.
Systole – contraction of heart chambers
Arterial Diastole
➢ Atria fill with blood.
➢ Pressure forces the AV valves open
Arterial Systole
➢ Atria contract
➢ Blood is pushed into the ventricles
Ventricular Systole
➢ Contraction of the ventricles.
➢ A-V valves close (bicuspid & tricuspid), causing a “lub” sound.
➢ Pressure is increased and forces blood out of the ventricles, opening the semilunar valves.
Ventricular Diastole
➢ Relaxation of the ventricles
➢ Semilunar valves close causing a “dub” sound.
➢ Pressure drops, AV valves open, ventricles fill with blood.
Heart beat sounds: “lub-dub-lub-dub”
Blood Pressure – the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries.
Systolic Normal Adult = 120 mmHg
Diastolic 80
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