Kingdom Fungi The Rotten World We Live In
Kingdom Fungi The Rotten World We Live In
Fungi Characteristics
General Information
*
* Some are _____________________ (yeast). Most are ______________________.
*
* Secretes ____________________ enzymes onto food source to ____________________ it.
* Absorbs _______________________________
* Does not contain ______________________________
Asexual and Sexual reproduction
* Most produce __________________________ that are reproductive cells which form new individuals.
Habitat
* Varied; most prefer _______________, _________________ and ______________________ places.
Examples:
* Mushrooms, mold yeast, mildew, puffballs
Filamentous bodies
* Many different _____________ and _______________________ types
* Woven together to form ________________________ of fungi
Cell walls contain _________________________
* Tough _______________________________ found in the body of insects
Exhibit nuclear ________________________ that is slightly different than most eukaryotes
* Nuclear _____________________________ remains intact
Mushroom Life Cycle
Structures
* Spores land on _______________________ (A)
* Develop into a threadlike filament called ___________________________ (B)
* Hyphae composed of cells which have cell ____________________ made of __________________.
* _____________________ and __________________ can move from cell to cell.
* As fungus grows, the hyphae forms a tangled mass called a ______________________ (C).
* The mycelium may produce a _____________________________ structure (mushroom, puffball, bracket fungi) that will grow _____________________ the ground surface. (D)
* The reproductive structures will then release _____________________ from its ____________ and the process starts over. (E)
* See diagram included
Classification
Fungi are classified by:
* The ________________________of the body that produces the ________________.
* The appearance of the __________________________________ body.
* All fungi that have cell ______________ are called ________________ fungi.
There are _____________ Phyla in this Kingdom (_________ are true fungi)
1. Phylum _____________________________
* Common ___________________________ in the soil.
* Example: Rhizopus (________________________ mold)
* Common mold on _________________, ______________ bread
* ______________________ form a _____________, cottony ____________________.
* Some ______________________ penetrate bread and form ______________________________ which ____________________ the fungus and make ___________________________ that digest the bread.
* Others form ________________________________ which are upright stalks that produce ___________________________cases at their tips.
* Spore cases are known as _____________________________and these are where ________________________ are produced.
2. Phylum __________________________________
* They are the _________________________ group of fungi.
* Grow in ________________, on rotted __________________, marine and fresh ______________________, and _______________________.
* Examples:
* Many Ascomycetes produce _________________________spores called ________________________
* Some reproduce ___________________- by forming specialized structures that contain _________________ and ____________________ nuclei.
* ____________________ are the only ____________________Ascomycete. They do NOT have ___________________ or __________________ bodies. They reproduce asexually by ____________________________.
3. Phylum _________________________________
* Examples:
* Basidiomycetes produce _____________________________.
* When basidiospores germinate, they produce ________________________
_______________________________..
* This mycelium has _______________ that have __________ nucleus in each cell.
* When 2 different strains come together, their hyphae _______________ and produce _____________________ ____________________________, which may produce a ________________________ body.
* Each cell now has _____________ nuclei.
* A ______________________ is the ___________________ body of a basidiomycete.
* _____________________ fungi are basidiomycetes that are usually ____________.
* They grow on ____________________that are _________ or ___________________.
* They have a ____________________ _____________________ fruiting body.
* __________________ and __________________are basidiomycetes that cause many plant diseases.
4. Phylum ________________________________
* Are classified by the shape of their ______________________ (asexual spores) and how they are _____________________________.
* Called ____________________________________ fungi
* They do NOT have a _____________________ phase.
* Examples:
5. Phylum _______________________________(Protist like Fungi)
* Examples:
* Commonly form a ________________ fuzz on aquarium fish or on organic matter sitting in ____________________.
* Sometimes found on _______________________ under very humid conditions.
* On land, they have caused some serious diseases among ______________ plants.
* Examples:
* Absorb food through very thin cell walls made of ______________________.
* Only phylum of fungi that produces ____________________ spores.
Importance of Fungi
1. ____________________________
* They decompose _________________ organic matter and return ______________________ to the ______________________.
* Secretes _________________________ enzymes onto the food, and then ______________________ the digested nutrients.
* Examples:
2. ______________________ source
* Some _____________________________ forms
* _________________________ = pigs dig for them; very expensive delicacy.
* ____________________________ = in PA (sponge mushrooms)
* ______________________________ = Japanese, expensive delicacy.
* _________________________________ (common in stores
* Most are __________________________-—very poisonous.
* ______________________________—grows in lawns and woods-a small bite can lead to death.
* Some are ________________________, used in religious ceremonies.
3. Food and Beverage Production
* ________________________-—Saccharomycetes cerevisiae (baker’s yeast)
* Anaerobic respiration produces _______________________ alcohol, which is needed for ______________________ ______________________ production.
* Carbon _____________________ produced during anaerobic respiration causes dough to ________________________.
* Molds
* Used to flavor ____________________ (from a species of Penicillium).
* Examples:
4. Used to Produce ____________________________
* __________________________ = antibiotic that kills many bacteria.
* _______________________ = used for organ transplants to prevent rejection.
* _______________________________ , ________________ = antibiotic ointments
5. Allergies
* People react to the presence of ____________________________ in the air
6. Many ___________________________________ Forms
* Grow and feed on_________________ and __________________________.
* Plant fungi that cause _______________________
*
*
*
* ___________________________ on wheat, oats, barley and corn
* Fruit mildew (apple)
* Animal fungus
* ___________________________ (means skin plants) = fungus infections of the _______________.
* Examples:
* Affect the _____________________________ tissues of the body.
* Can be transmitted by _____________________________(contagious) through clothing, floor, animals, etc.
* Thrush
* _________________ infection of the _________________ (babies)
* causes ______________________ patches on tongue and mouth lining
7. Symbiotic Relationships
* Symbiosis =
* Examples: ___________________
* _________________ and ____________________ growing together
* grow almost _____________________ (soil, rock, tree, warm, cold, wet, dry)
* sensitive to _____________________ ________________________ = indicator of air pollution
* Fungus absorbs ______________________ and _____________________ that the algae needs to __________________________________.
* The algae produce ______________________that the fungus uses. (mutualistic relationship)
* Mycorrhizae
* ____________________________ relationship between a __________________i and tree ________________________.
* Hyphae of fungi provide tree with ________________________ and _________________________ while the tree supplies _______________________________(food) for the fungi
* Hyphae will appear as a ______________________ _________________ around the tree roots.
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