Chapter 10 Summary Questions - PC\|MAC



Chapter 10 Summary Questions

Sec. 1: Democratic Reform and Activism

1. What kinds of reforms were demanded by the spread of urbanization and industrialization?

2. What kind of government did Great Britain have? Briefly describe how Britain’s government worked. What legislation was passed in Britain in 1999?

3. What percent of the British population could vote in the early 1800s? Who could and who could not vote?

4. What social group was the first to demand political reform in Britain? What were the protests in 1830 about? What is suffrage? Why did the Revolution of 1830 in France frighten British Parliamentary leaders? What did the Reform Bill of 1832 do in Britain?

5. Despite the Reform Bill of 1832, what percentage of British citizens could vote? What social groups still had no voting power? What was the Chartist movement? Why is it named as such? What demands did the People’s Charter of 1838 make? How did Parliament respond to the People’s Charter movement? What reforms did Parliament make?

6. What was the Victorian Age in Britain, and who was it named after? How long did Queen Victoria rule? How had Victoria’s power changed from her predecessors?

7. By 1890, what countries allowed women suffrage? What countries first experienced suffrage movements by women? What arguments were made against women’s right to vote?

8. Who was Emmeline Pankhurst? How did her protest movement differ from previous protests? How did Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters continue their protests even after being jailed?

9. What kind of government did France’s National Assembly finally agree upon in 1875? What was this government called? How long did it last?

10. What kind of governments did opponents of the Third Republic want for France? What is anti-Semitism? What was the Dreyfus Affair, and how was France’s government affected by the scandal?

11. Who was Emile Zola? What was the title of his open letter? How did Zola help Dreyfus’ case?

12. Where did Jews face the most persecution in Europe? What are pogroms? Where did many Jews flee? Explain the movement of Zionism. Who was Theodor Herzl?

Sec. 2: Self-Rule for British Colonies

1. How differently did Britain manage its colonies in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand from its colonies in Asia and Africa?

2. What people first lived in the region known today as Canada? Who was the first European country to colonize Canada? How did these colonists make a living?

3. When did Great Britain take possession of Canada, and how? What new colonists arrived after Britain’s take over of the country?

4. Identify some of the cultural differences between the French and English in Canada. How did Parliament divide Canada? Did this division solve the problems? Why/why not?

5. Who was Lord Durham? What two reforms did he suggest to Parliament? Why did many Canadians believe they needed a central government? When was the Dominion of Canada created? What is a dominion?

6. Name Canada’s first prime minister. How did he connect and expand Canada?

7. Who claimed New Zealand and Australia for Great Britain? Name the natives of both of these lands, and briefly describe their cultural lifestyles.

8. Who were the first colonists sent to Australia, and why? What is a penal colony?

9. What became the biggest business for British colonists in Australia? How did Britain encourage colonization/immigration to Australia? What caused immigration to boom in 1851?

10. Why did British settlement in New Zealand grow more slowly? Describe two ways in which Britain settled tensions with the Maori.

11. What kind of government did both Australia and New Zealand develop? What kind of political reform was pioneered in Australia? What political reform was New Zealand the first in the world to offer? How was this still limited?

12. Briefly describe the treatment and fate of the Maori and Aborigine people.

13. When and how did England first obtain control over Ireland? How did the Irish respond to English-rule? What types of people benefitted from English laws?

14. When did Ireland formally join into England? Who was Daniel O’Connell? What did the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 do?

15. Explain how Ireland endured one of the worst famines in modern history. How many people died from this famine? How many people fled Ireland, and where did they go? How did the British government make matters worse for the Irish after the famine?

16. Define home rule. Explain why Britain was opposed to home rule in Ireland. What was the northern part of Ireland called? What prevented home rule from being put into place in southern Ireland?

17. How did Irish nationalists protest the delay to home rule? What is the IRA? How did Britain divide Ireland in 1921? What was southern Ireland known as? What changed in 1949?

Sec. 3: War and Expansion in the United States

1. What tension developed between northern and southern states after the American Revolution?

2. What president bought the Louisiana Territory from France? What did the purchase do to size of the U.S.? How and from whom did the U.S. gain Florida? How and from whom did the U.S. gain the Oregon Territory?

3. Define manifest destiny. How did this belief affect Native Americans? Describe the Indian Removal Act of 1830. What is the Trail of Tears? How many people died? What was wrong with the land granted to the Cherokee?

4. When did American settlers start settling into Texas? Why did Texans revolt against the Mexican government? When did Texas become a part of the U.S., and how did Mexico respond? What lands were added to the U.S. by Mexican Cession and the Gadsden Purchase?

5. Describe the socio-economic difference between the North and the South. Explain the differing regional opinions of slavery. Explain the differing opinions on states’ rights.

6. Who’s election to president in 1860 sparked rebellion, and why? Define secede. What did the seceding southern states become known as?

7. When did the U.S. Civil War begin? How long did it last? Briefly list the advantages each side possessed. When did the war end, and who won?

8. What was Lincoln’s explanation of why the war was being fought? What was the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863? Describe the purpose of this proclamation and explain what it accomplished. How did the proclamation affect Europe’s potential involvement in the war? How did this affect the South?

9. What is the period between 1865 and 1877 known as? How did Southern states still try to limit the rights of the newly-freed slaves? What is segregation? How were African Americans treated in the North?

10. What effect did the Civil War have on industrialization? By 1914, what had the U.S. become? How important was immigration to industrialization in the U.S.? Describe the rate of immigration to the U.S. by 1914.

11. What construction did Congress authorize in 1862? When was this construction completed, and what had it accomplished? What was the total result of America’s industrialization and internal construction improvements?

Sec. 4: 19th Century Progress

1. What fuels were used by machines of industry in the early 1800s? Name 2 types of new energy used by the late 1800s?

2. How many patents did Thomas Edison acquire? Name 2 of his most important inventions. Who was Lewis H. Latimer? What was arguably Edison’s most important invention?

3. What did Alexander Graham Bell invent? What did Guglielmo Marconi invent? How was Marconi’s invention drastically better than the telegraph?

4. What country is credited with inventing the automobile? Why were early cars not more popular? What was Henry Ford’s goal in improving the auto industry? How did Ford plan to achieve this? Define assembly line. What was Ford’s 1st model of auto? How much did it sell for in 1908? What price did Ford’s car eventually drop to? By 1916, how many cars were being used in America?

5. Who were Wilbur & Orville Wright? When and where did their accomplishment take place? How long did the event last? What was its significance?

6. What was the most important breakthrough in the history of medicine? Who developed this theory? What did Pasteur call the microscopic organisms he discovered? What did he discover killed these organisms? Explain pasteurization and what is it used for?

7. Who was Joseph Lister? What theory did he develop? How did he change the surgical process? What was Lister’s survival rate? How were Lister’s ideas applied to entire cities/towns?

8. Who was the most controversial scientist of the 19th century? What question did Darwin attempt to answer? What was the widely accepted answer to this question in the 1800s? Explain Darwin’s theory that challenged the idea of special creation. Name the published work that contained Darwin’s theory. What is natural selection? What is the theory of evolution?

9. What discovery did Gregor Mendel make? What science did Mendel’s work begin?

10. Describe John Dalton’s theory. What is the difference between elements and atoms? What did Dmitri Mendelev create in 1869? What is this chart called today? What missing elements were discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie? Define pitchblende. What did Marie Curie call this energy? What award did the Curies win in 1903? What award did Marie Curie win in 1911? How did Marie Curie die? Explain Ernest Rutherford’s theory.

11. What modern social sciences resulted from scientific theories of the 1800s? Define psychology. What did Ivan Pavlov believe? What did Sigmund Freud believe? What kind of therapy was founded by Freud?

12. Define mass culture. What is vaudeville? What types of acts were included in vaudeville? Briefly describe the earliest motion pictures. Describe the growth of feature films in America by 1910.

13. How did spectator sports become entertainment? Name some of the popular spectator sports in America, Europe, and European colonies. When did the International Olympic Games begin? What ancient tradition was revived? Where were the first modern Olympics held, and why here?

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