Transportation Decision Making - Purdue University
[Pages:43]Transportation Decision Making
Principles of Project Evaluation and Programming
Chapter 17 Social and Cultural Impacts of
Transportation Systems
Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi
1
Outline
Definitions Impact Mechanisms Performance Measures Equity and Environmental Justice Procedure for Social and Cultural Impact Assessment Assessment Tools Mitigation Measures Legislation
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Social Impacts
According to FHWA (1982), social impacts are:
destruction or disruption of human-made resources, social values, community cohesion, availability of public facilities or services, displacement of people, businesses and farms; and disruption of desirable community and regional growth.
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Social Impacts
IOCGP (2003) defines social impacts as "the consequences to human populations of any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs and generally cope as members of society."
FTA (2005) describes social effects as the changes in physical layouts, demographics, and sense of neighborhood in local communities.
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Cultural Impacts
According to National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, a project is considered to have adverse effects on cultural environment if it causes direct or indirect alteration of "any characteristics of a historic property in a manner that would diminish the integrity of the property's location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association."
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Legislation
1970 Federal Highway Act 1970 National Environmental Policy Act 1990's Executives Orders
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Developing Countries
Social Impact Assessments required by World Bank
sociocultural institutional historical political effects
Emphasis on Poverty Alleviation
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Distributive Effects
Across community groups, population groups, ethnic groups Spatial and temporal Should be considered when
urban ROW requirement is large Large displacement of households, businesses, community
amenities, historic districts and landmarks conflicts with local plans significant change in traffic characteristics adverse effects on vulnerable segments of population
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