Transportation Decision Making - Purdue University

[Pages:43]Transportation Decision Making

Principles of Project Evaluation and Programming

Chapter 17 Social and Cultural Impacts of

Transportation Systems

Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi

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Outline

Definitions Impact Mechanisms Performance Measures Equity and Environmental Justice Procedure for Social and Cultural Impact Assessment Assessment Tools Mitigation Measures Legislation

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Social Impacts

According to FHWA (1982), social impacts are:

destruction or disruption of human-made resources, social values, community cohesion, availability of public facilities or services, displacement of people, businesses and farms; and disruption of desirable community and regional growth.

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Social Impacts

IOCGP (2003) defines social impacts as "the consequences to human populations of any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs and generally cope as members of society."

FTA (2005) describes social effects as the changes in physical layouts, demographics, and sense of neighborhood in local communities.

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Cultural Impacts

According to National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, a project is considered to have adverse effects on cultural environment if it causes direct or indirect alteration of "any characteristics of a historic property in a manner that would diminish the integrity of the property's location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association."

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Legislation

1970 Federal Highway Act 1970 National Environmental Policy Act 1990's Executives Orders

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Developing Countries

Social Impact Assessments required by World Bank

sociocultural institutional historical political effects

Emphasis on Poverty Alleviation

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Distributive Effects

Across community groups, population groups, ethnic groups Spatial and temporal Should be considered when

urban ROW requirement is large Large displacement of households, businesses, community

amenities, historic districts and landmarks conflicts with local plans significant change in traffic characteristics adverse effects on vulnerable segments of population

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