Fritz and his friends were discussing their ideas about ...



Name______________________________Date___________

1. Fritz and his friends were discussing their ideas about why it is cold in winter and warm in summer. Below is some of their answers.

Choose the answer or answers you most agree with.

A) Winter clouds block heat from the sun

B) The sun gives off more heat in the summer than in the winter.

C) The Earth’s tilt changes the angle of sunlight hitting the Earth.

D) The Earth’s orbit brings it closer to the sun in the summer and farther from the sun in winter.

E) One side of Earth faces toward the sun while the other side faces away.

F) The Northern hemisphere is closer to the sun in summer than in winter.

2. If you go outside at night on December 21, would you see Scorpius?

Explanations for why or why not are below. Choose the best explanation for your answer.

A) Scorpius is not visible because it is too far South of the equator for people in Arizona to see.

B) Scorpius is not viewable in Arizona’s skies in the winter because it is on the opposite side of the sun from our winter solstice.

C) Scorpius is viewable from Arizona in the winter time in the south because it lies on the equator.

D) Scorpius is viewable all year from Arizona because it lies on the equator.

3. If the Earth were tilted on its axis, but did not revolve in its orbit around the sun, how would it effect our seasons?

A) The seasons in the Northern hemisphere will change four times in one year.

B) The seasons in the Southern hemisphere will change four times in one year.

C) The seasons would be opposite in each hemisphere and stay the same all year.

D) The seasons would change only twice in one year.

4. Choose the reason (or reasons) for your answer from the list of reasons below.

A) I know this because there are four seasons.

B) I know this because the if the sun shines on a tilted Earth, then only two seasons can exist; one in the Northern hemisphere and the opposite season in the Southern hemisphere.

C) I know this because if the Earth weren’t tilted, the sun would shine evenly on both hemispheres.

D) I know this because in order for us to have summer and winter the sun will have to shine more directly on a hemisphere in summer and less directly in its winter.

5. We see different phases of the moon throughout the month

A) because Earth’s shadow covers part of the moon we don’t see as Earth rotates.

B) because the sun’s shadow covers parts of the moon as the moon revolves around the sun.

C) because the moon is illuminated on the side facing the sun, and the moon revolves around a rotating Earth.

D) because one part of the moon is illuminated while the other part is not as it rotates.

6. The moon phase that occurs during a lunar eclipse would have to be a

A) waning crescent

B) new moon

C) full moon

D) waxing crescent

7. A solar eclipse has happened when (Draw a picture in the box provided)

A) the moon’s shadow falls on part of the Earth

B) the moon is blocked by the sun

C) the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon

D) the Earth’s shadow falls on the sun.

8. A lunar eclipse has happened when (Draw a picture in the box provided)

A) the moon’s shadow falls on part of the Earth

B) the moon is blocked by the sun

C) the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon

E) the Earth’s shadow falls on the sun.

Fritz and Gerald were out fishing one night. Neither of them had any luck. Fritz noticed that the moon was full. Gerald argued that they must be using the wrong bait. The water was cold and so was the night air. Fritz fished from shore. Gerald was in a boat. Fritz thought that if the moon wasn’t full, they would catch more fish.

9. What was Fritz’s hypothesis?

A) When using different bait, he catches more fish.

B) He would have better luck than Gerald if he were in a boat.

C) If the moon wasn’t full, they would catch more fish.

D) All of the above

10. If Gerald wanted to create a science lab report, what would be the title?

A) Does bait type effect the chances of catching fish?

B) Does the moon light affect the chances of someone catching fish?

C) Why aren’t we catching fish?

D) Why does moonlight shine so bright?

11. The factors that cause the moon phases to change throughout the year are

A) the sun and moon

B) the rotation of the Earth and the revolution of the moon around the Earth

C) the revolution of the Earth around the sun and the revolution of the moon around

the Earth.

D) the rotation of the moon and its revolution around the Earth.

12. Which choice below shows the moon phases in order?

A) Waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent, new moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter,

B) new moon, waxing crescent, 3rd quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 1st quarter, waning crescent.

C) new moon, waxing crescent, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 1st quarter, waning crescent, 3rd quarter,

D) Waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent, new moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter,

13. Shade the circles below properly to show the correct answer for #12.

14. What is a circumpolar constellation?

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15. What time of year are circumpolar constellations visible from Arizona?

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Use the list of constellations below to answer questions 16 – 19.

Orion, Ursa Major, Northern Cross, Scorpios, Cassiopeia, Big Dipper

(there may be more than one correct choice per ansdwer)

16. Which in the above list is not a constellation?________________________________

17. a)Which of the constellations above can be seen from Arizona all year long?

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18. b) Explain why they can be seen all year long._______________________________

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19. a) Which of the constellations listed can only be seen from Arizona in the winter?

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b) Explain why this constellation cannot be seen from Arizona in the summer.

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c) Draw an illustration to support your explanation.

Match the names and inventions listed to the inventions, discoveries, or achievements for #’s 20 – 26

Tycho Brahe, Dr. Frank Low, Hans Lippershey, Johannes Kepler, refracting telescope, Johann Ritter, Edwin Hubble, reflecting telescope, Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Galileo, William Herschel, the telescope, Percival Lowell, Ptolemy.

20. Considered to be the most important scientific tool ever invented in astronomy__________________________________.

21. Discovered Pluto and studied Mars______________________________________.

22. Wrote the Almagest and suggested that the Earth was in the center of the solar system______________________________________________________________.

23. Used a refracting telescope to prove that not all things revolve around the Earth________________________________________________________________.

24. Using the color of stars, he discovered that our universe is expanding____________________________________________________________.

25. This type of telescope uses a system of convex and concave lenses to view the night sky. _____________________________________________________________.

26. Discovered that the orbits of the planets were not circular but elliptical_______________________________________________________.

. Identify the following lab equipment.

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27_________ 28 ___________________ 29 ___________ 30____________

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31___________ 32_____________ 33 _____________ 34 _________

35. Which tools above would you use to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

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36. Which tool above would you use to find the mass of an object?

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37. What tools would you use to find density of an object?

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38. A marble weighs 20 grams when placed into a graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water, it raises the water level 54mL. What would its density be? Use proper units when labeling your answer,_____________________________________________.

39. Mineral A weighs 48 grams and has a volume of 12 cubic centimeters. Describe what will happen and why when mineral A is put into a liquid that has a density of 5g/cc

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40 __________________________ 41_______________________________

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55. Have you ever heard the phrase, “m&m’s melt in your mouth and not in your hands”?

Fritz wondered if the colors of the m&m’s would affect their rate of melting.

You are Fritz’s partner and he has come to you to review his experimental procedures.

Identify the parts of Fritz’s lab report that need improvement. Draw a line through unnecessary information. On the lines below explain what is missing or needs improvement.

Hypothesis: If color of an m&m affects its melting rate then the m&m’s should melt faster.

Background: I like m&ms. They taste great! I know they have different colors but I don’t understand why each color doesn’t have its own flavor.

I know chocolate comes from cocoa beans and is used in a variety of food recipes. My dad uses chocolate in his BBQ ribs recipe. I know that dark colors absorb more heat energy than light colors.

Materials:

4 different colored m&m’s (red, brown, green, yellow).

One clothespin for each m&m.

White construction paper, and black construction paper.

A stop watch.

A sunny day or a lamp maybe even a spot light.

Paper and pencil.

Procedures:

First, I created a data chart to collect my data.

Then you put each m&m into a clothespin.

Next put a clothespin on a piece of black construction paper and some on white construction paper (with the m&m in it).

Then we put them out in the sunlight at the same time and timed how long it took for each to melt.

I defined melting as the point at which the m&m cracked under the pressure of the clothespin.

Then record your results.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 avg melting rate

Red 1:30 60 sec 17 sec 55.6 sec

Yellow 45sec 1:05 1:12 60.66 sec

Green 30 sec 55sec 1:54 66.33 sec

Brown 1:52 1:23 48sec 81 sec

In conclusion we know that color absorbs more heat and so the lighter m&m (yellow) will melt faster than the darker m&m (brown). There weren’t any mistakes in our procedures. All in all I didn’t like this lab. It was too hot outside and it was stupid.

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Materials________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Procedures_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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