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Unit III: Belief Systems

Out of the four River Valley civilizations, came three major world religions, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Hindu beliefs, including the concepts of reincarnation, karma and dharma, profoundly (deeply) influenced Indian civilization. The Buddha, an Indian religious reformer, sought spiritual enlightenment. His teachings gave rise to a new religion, Buddhism. This new faith eventually spread throughout Southeast Asia. The Hebrews of Mesopotamia developed Judaism, a monotheistic religion based on the worship of one God, whose laws are set out in the Torah and the Ten Commandments.

Two other major world religions grew out of this tradition. Christianity was founded during the first century, under Roman rule. 700 years later, Islam was founded by Mohammed in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The religion of Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the 600s. Muslim Civilization eventually created cultural ties among diverse people across three continents.

Within all these religions, diverse people share powerful beliefs and these faiths brought cultural unity to many people. However, they have also created divisions within many people and nations when intolerance and misunderstanding occurs.

Social Studies Themes in this unit:

1. Belief Systems

2. Change and Turning Points

By the end of the unit you will be able to answer the following:

1. Why did Abraham lead his people out of ancient Mesopotamia?

2. How did Christianity spread?

3. What are the central religious and moral teachings of Islam?

4. How did Muslim rulers deal with the wide diversity among the people they ruled?

5. How did the Caste System shape India?

6. How do Buddhist teachings differ from Hindu beliefs?

Directions for each homework assignment in this packet:

1. Use your class notes to answer all questions.

2. Answer the questions in the space provided IN COMPLETE SENTENCES.

3. You do NOT have to restate the question in your answer as long as you use a complete sentence to answer the question.

Name_________________________________________ Due______________

Homework 1 Hinduism and Buddhism

1. How prominent is Hinduism in India?

2. What natural resource is considered sacred in the Hindu faith?

3. What Hindu belief is similar to the belief of god in other religions?

4. List three main gods in Hinduism.

5. Describe the reincarnation cycle and moksha.

6. How do karma and dharma affect a Hindu?

7. What is ahimsa?

8. What are the sacred texts of Hinduism?

9. What is the caste system? Explain what it is

and fill in the diagram.

10. Where did Buddhism develop?

11. Who is Siddhartha Gautama? (Give as many details as possible.)

12. What are the Four Noble Truths?

13. Summarize what the Eightfold Path is.

14. What is nirvana?

15. What is the sacred text of Buddhism?

16. Who is the religious leader of Buddhism?

17. What do Buddhists have to do to achieve nirvana?

18. What are the main differences between Hinduism and Buddhism?

Name ______________________________________ Date ___________

HW2 Judaism and Christianity

1. Where is the birthplace of monotheistic religions, including Judaism and Christianity?

2. What was the first monotheistic religion?

3. What is the importance of Abraham to Hebrews?

4. Define covenant.

5. What is the name of the code of behavior or laws in Judaism?

6. What is the name of the sacred text in Judaism?

7. What are the two names the Jews’ place of worship can be called?

8. Provide TWO names for the Jewish Promised Land.

9. Define prophet AND identify a prophet.

10. What is the importance of David in Judaism?

11. What is the importance of Solomon in Judaism?

12. What is the meaning and importance of Israel?

13. Describe the status of women under Hebrew law.

14. What happened to the Jews during the diaspora?

15. Which religion is older, Christianity or Judaism?

16. Explain the teachings of Jesus (DO NOT just list them, explain them).

17. How did Christianity spread after the death of Jesus?

18. During what empire did Christianity rapidly spread? Why?

19. Describe and explain the role of Jesus Christ.

20. How did Jesus say Christians should behave?

21. Name of the sacred text for Christianity.

22. Explain at least two similarities between Christianity and Judaism.

23. Explain at least 2 differences between Christianity and Judaism.

24. How do we know that Abraham, Moses and other prophets are important to Christianity as well as Judaism?

25. What is the Christian place of worship?

26. Why was Christianity so appealing to people?

Name:___________________________________ Date: _____________

HW3 Islam and Comparison

1. What is the significance/ importance of Muhammed?

2. What is idolatry?

3. What is polytheism?

4. List the 5 pillars of faith.

5. What is the Koran (Qur'an)?

6. What is the sharia?

7. Where do Muslims worship and on what day?

8. What do Muslims call god?

9. What is almsgiving?

10. When do Muslims fast?

11. What is the muezzin?

12. What is the hadj?

13. What are the literal translations of Islam and Muslim?

14. Explain the difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims.

15. Explain why Jerusalem is a holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

16. How are the Five Pillars of Faith and the Ten Commandments similar? List 2 ways.

17. What is the world’s oldest religion?

18. List the world’s monotheistic religions in order from “oldest to newest.”

19. Explain TWO ways in which Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are similar.

20. Explain TWO ways in which Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are different.

21. What are the differences between Hinduism or Buddhism and Judaism, Christianity and Islam?

22. How does a person’s religion affect how they live? Give an example using a specific religion.

23. Cultural diffusion means the spread of ideas between different cultures. Give TWO examples of how religion has been spread as a part of cultural diffusion.

24. Diversity means “differences.” Why has the city of Jerusalem been called a place of diversity?

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