Study Guide for Chapter 3 Acceleration and Accelerated Motion

Study Guide for Chapter 3 ? Acceleration and Accelerated Motion

(Rough outline of the chapter, please use the book, notes & homework to study.)

3.1 Acceleration

Vocab ? acceleration ? average acceleration

? instantaneous acceleration ? constant acceleration

Concepts

Acceleration

? Rate at which velocity changes.

? Vector

? Units ? m/s2

? Average Acceleration

o

average

acceleration

=

change in velocity change in time

=

Velocity-Time Graphs

? Creating a Velocity-Time Graph o Time on x-axis o Velocity on y-axis

? Information in Velocity-Time Graph o Slope Equals average acceleration. Straight line ? constant acceleration. Positive slope ? positive acceleration. Negative slope ? negative acceleration Horizontal line ? zero acceleration. Steeper slope ? greater magnitude of acceleration o Y-Intercept Initial velocity

o Tangent Line Instantaneous Acceleration

o Area Under the Curve (Section 3.2) Distance Traveled

Acceleration & Deceleration

? Speed Change with Acceleration o If velocity and acceleration are both in the same direction (same sign), speed increases. o If velocity and acceleration are in different directions (opposite signs), speed decreases.

3.2 Motion with Constant Acceleration

Concepts

Velocity-Time Equation

? = + ? Can be plotted like y = mx + b

o m (slope) = a o b (y-intercept) = vi

Average Velocity with Constant Acceleration

?

=

1 2

(

+

)

Position-Time Equations with Constant Acceleration

? Using Average Velocity

o

=

+

1 2

(

+

)

? Using Acceleration

o

=

+

+

1 2

2

Velocity-Position Equation

? 2 = 2 + 2

3.3 Position-Time Graphs for Constant Acceleration

Concepts

Position Time Graphs for Constant Acceleration

o Accelerated motion produces curved lines on position-time graphs. o Curvature

Upward curvature ? positive acceleration Downward curvature ? negative acceleration No curvature (straight line) ? zero acceleration Greater curvature (sharper curve) ? greater magnitude of acceleration

Information from Position-Time Graphs

? Y-intercept - xi ? Initial slope of the curve - vi

3.4 Free Fall

Vocab

? free fall

Concepts

Free Fall

? Motion determined by gravity alone. ? Neglecting air resistance, there is constant acceleration.

Acceleration Due to Gravity ? g = 9.80 m/s2 o Sign (+/?) is determined by your coordinate system.

Changes in Free Fall

? Velocity o Acceleration is constant, so velocity increases at a constant rate.

? Distance o Velocity is constantly increasing, so distance increases exponentially with time (t2).

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