Documents & Reports - All Documents | The World Bank



CONTENTS

| |List of Tables | |

| |List of Abbreviations | |

| |EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | |

|1.0 |INTRODUCTION |1 |

| |Background |1 |

| |Objectives |1 |

| |Scope |2 |

| |Approach and Methodology |2 |

| |Description of Project and Project Area |3 |

| |Existing tenements and Non tenements in the scheme areas |5 |

|2.0 |ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT |6 |

| |Need for EIA |6 |

| |Regulatory Framework |6 |

| |Review of Policies |7 |

| |National Environmental Regulations |7 |

| |State – Level Legislation - Tamilnadu |10 |

| |Project Profile |13 |

| |Baseline Assessment – Environmental Components |17 |

| |Baseline Parameters sample collection procedures |22 |

| |Methodology |30 |

| |Environmental Impact Assessment |31 |

| |Areas of Focus |32 |

| |Community and Stakeholder Consultations |33 |

| |Conclusion |35 |

|3.0 |SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT |40 |

| |Introduction |40 |

| |Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policy Framework |40 |

| |Project Specific Policy Framework |43 |

| |Baseline Socio Economic survey |43 |

| |Issues raised during baseline survey |44 |

| |Methodology adopted & Categorization |48 |

| |Scoring Matrices |48 |

|4.0 |TRANSIT RELOCATION PLAN |59 |

| |Need for Temporary shelters |59 |

| |Proposal for Temporary shelters during transit period |59 |

| |Transit Relocation Site Selection |61 |

| |Stakeholder’s Views |61 |

| |Consultations and Discussions |62 |

| |Outcome of the Consultation |63 |

| |Stages of Transit Relocation Plan |64 |

| |Institutional Arrangement |64 |

| |Resource requirement for construction |65 |

| |Description of TRP and its amenities proposed |65 |

| |Social Assistance to Transit Shelters |65 |

| |Environmental Analysis of TRP |66 |

| |Impact Analysis & Mitigation Measures |67 |

|5.0 |ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN |75 |

| |Environmental Management Plan |75 |

| |Environmental Management Plan for permanent shelters |76 |

| |Sustainable Site Planning – Avenues for Environmental Enhancement |84 |

| |Institutional framework and capacity building |89 |

|6.0 |RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (RIP) | |

| |Resettlement Implementation Plan |93 |

| |Phasing of Resettlement Implementation Plan |95 |

| |Institutional Framework for Resettlement Implementation Plan |95 |

| |Costs and Budget |103 |

| |Consultations and Participative Process |105 |

| |Allotment Process – Suggested Eligibility Guidelines |106 |

LIST OF TABLES

|1.1 |Land use Pattern |5 |

|1.2 |Existing tenements in the scheme areas as well as Tsunami affected families |5 |

|2.1 |Building Construction projects / Area Development projects and Townships |8 |

|2.2 |Summary of clearances to be obtained |12 |

|2.3 |Area of Settlements & and its Extent |13 |

|2.4 |Demographic Details of Settlements |14 |

|2.5 |Air quality Details |14 |

|2.6 |Noise level Details |15 |

|2.7 |Existing land use Breakup |15 |

|2.8 |Tenements Details Settlement wise |15 |

|3.1 |Overall Assessment of Baseline survey |44 |

|3.2 |BLS survey for shops for all villages |45 |

|3.3 |Common properties |46 |

|4.1 |Details of Transit Sites |59 |

|4.2 |Demography of Project Area (Approximate) | 61 |

|4.3 |Estimated Resource requirements |65 |

|4.4 |Estimated quantities |65 |

|4.5 |Financial Assistance for shifting and rental purpose |66 |

|4.6 |Location for temporary shelters |66 |

|4.7 |Existing and Proposed Sanitation facilities |66 |

|4.8 |Solid Waste Generation and Management |67 |

|4.9 |Public fountains & Streetlight proposed in TRP |67 |

|4.10 |Environmental Management Plan for Construction of Temporary Shelters |70 |

|5.1 |Environmental Management Plan for Construction of Permanent Shelters |77 |

|5.2 |EMP Budget |83 |

|6.1 |Construction of Permanent structure in Phase I |94 |

|6.2 |Budget Estimate |104 |

|6.3 |Community Assets |106 |

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

|APHA |American Public Health Association |

|ASI |Archaeological Survey of India |

|BIS |Bureau of Indian Standards |

|BLS |Baseline Surveys |

|BOD |Biochemical Oxygen Demand |

|BT |Bitumen |

|C |Celsius |

|CFL |Compact Fluorescent Lamps |

|CMWSSB |Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board |

|CO |Carbon Monoxide |

|CoC |Corporation of Chennai |

|COD |Chemical Oxygen Demand |

|CPCB/SPCB |Central Pollution Control Board/State Pollution Control Board |

|CPWD |Central Public Works Department |

|CRZ |Coastal Regulation Zone |

|Cum |Cubic metre |

|dB (A) |Decibel (“A” weighting filter) |

|DTCP |Directorate of Town and Country Planning |

|EA |Environmental Assessment |

|ECoP |Environmental Codes of Practice |

|EIA |Environmental Impact Assessment |

|EMP |Environmental Management Plan |

|EPA |Environment Protection Act |

|ESMF |Environmental and Social Management Framework |

|ETRP |Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project |

|FAR |Floor Area Ratio |

|FSI |Floor Space Index |

|GoI |Government of India |

|GoTN |Government of Tamil Nadu |

|gpcd |Grams per capita per day |

|Ha |hectares |

|HH |Households |

|HTL |High Tide Line |

|IDA |International Development Association |

|IRC |Indian Road Congress |

|KLD |Kilo litres per day |

|Leq |equivalent continuous sound level |

|lpcd |Litres per capita per day |

|LTL |Low Tide Line |

|MD |Managing Director |

|mm |millimeter |

|MoEF |Ministry of Environment and Forests |

|MPN |Most Probable Number |

|MSW |Municipal Solid Waste |

|NBC |National Building Code |

|NGO |Non – Governmental Organization |

|NOx |Oxides of Nitrogen |

|O&M |Operation and Maintenance |

|OC |Other Caste |

|OD |Operational Directives |

|OP |Operational Policy |

|PAF |Project Affected Families |

|PAH |Project Affected Households |

|PAP |Project Affected People |

|Pb |Lead |

|PIU |Project Implementation Unit |

|RAP |Resettlement Action Plan |

|RIP |Resettlement Implementation Plan |

|RPM |Respirable Particulate Matter |

|SA |Social Assessment |

|SHGC |Solar Heat Gain Coefficient |

|SO2 |Sulfur-di-oxide |

|SPL |Sound Pressure Level |

|SPM |Suspended Particulate Matter |

|SPS |Sewage Pumping Station |

|TDS |Total Dissolved Solids |

|TNHB |Tamil Nadu Housing Board |

|TNSCB |Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board |

|TRP |Transit Relocation Plan |

|TRS |Transit Relocation Sites |

|TSS |Total Suspended Solids |

|UDPFI |Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation Guidelines |

|UGSS |Underground Sewerage Scheme |

|VT |Visual Transmittance |

|WWR |Window-to-Wall Ratio |

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board in the wake of the tsunami disaster (that occurred on December 26 2004, TNSCB has envisaged a project to rehabilitate the tsunami affected people at the Marina and to provide standardized housing tenements for the aforementioned populace and those living in the existing dilapidated tenements through requisite demolition and construction works. The project area comprises the villages of Nochikuppam, Nochi Nagar, Dommingkuppam, Selvarajapuram, Foreshore Estate and Srinivasapuram. The projected affected households comprise both fisher folk and non-fisher folk.

The focus is on rehabilitation of Tsunami affected families and hence the in-situ resettlement has been taken up to ensure that the fishermen are resettled in the same area to constitute their livelihood to the extent possible.

The Government of Tamilnadu is responsible for the implementation of the ETRP-Housing policy to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities through the TNSCB. The TNSCB intends to reconstruct tenements after demolition of existing dilapidated tenements. Implementation is envisaged in two phases, namely Phase – I which comprises of three areas namely Area-1 (Nochikuppam and Nochi Nagar), Area-2 (Dommingkuppam and Selvarajapuram), Area-3 (Foreshore Estate) and Phase–II (Srinivasapuram).

It is proposed to construct 5856 permanent shelters in four sites as detailed in the table below:

Details of Permanent Structures - Phase - I & Phase - II

|S.No |Site |Location |Area |No of Permanent|Area of |Survey |Ownership |

| |Details | |(Ha) |Shelters |each |No. | |

| | | | | |shelter | | |

| | | | | |(Sq.m ) | | |

|PHASE - I |

|1 |Site-1 |Nochikuppam |3.3264 |1452 |33.20 |7577 & 7580 |TNSCB |

|2 |Site-2 |Dommingkuppam |1.8300 |828 |33.20 |7585 pt & 7587 pt |TNSCB |

|3 |Site-3 |Foreshore Estate |2.8223 |992 |33.20 |7587 pt & 7588 pt |TNSCB |

|PHASE – II |

| |Site-4 | Srinivasapuram |6.2000 |2584 |33.20 |7590,4593/34 pt & 4593/39 |TNSCB |

|Total |5856 | |

Inorder to provide shelters for the affected communities during the construction phase, the project also envisages to provide 3636 temporary shelters at five locations within the project area as shown in the table below.

Location for temporary shelters

|S. No.|Site Number |Location |Survey No. |Extent |Proposed Number of |Now actually under |

| | | | |(in sq. m.) |Dwellings |construction |

|1. |I |Nochikuppam |7580 part |3,375 |258 |195 |

|2. |II |Nochikuppam |7581 part |17,084 |1126 |1037 |

|3 |III** |Nochikuppam |7582 & 7585 part |13,793 |1477 |1477 |

|4 |IIIa |Doming Kuppam |7585 part |4,509 |490 |- |

|5 |IV |Doming Kuppam |7587 part |4,900 |285 |300 |

| | |Total | | |3636 |3009 |

Site III** – under court purview necessary clearance need to be obtained by the TNSCB before construction

The total number beneficiaries identified under the project is 4158 out of which 3636 nos would be availiing temporary accomodation and remaining 522 nos will be given the rental option.

The Environmental and Social Assessment Report comprises the Environmental Management Plan and Resettlement Action and Implementation Plan (RAP/RIP) as per study ToR requirements. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and the budget for EMP has been prepared for both Phase-I and Phase-II. The RAP and RIP has been prepared in two volumes, for Phase-I and Phase-II. The main objective of this assessment is to ensure that the housing construction project from Nochikuppam to Srinivasapuram is sustainable in terms of environmental social, economical and human capitals. The assessment also provides project and activity specific management plans inorder to manage the impacts during and after the project construction.The methodology adopted for conducting the environmental and social impact assessment is by conducting baseline surveys and analysis of primary and secondary data, discussions with key stakeholders with regard to assessing the potential impacts and implication of the project from a socio-economic and environmental standpoint.

Based on the assessment,the resettlement implementation cost for Phase-I works out to Rs. 170.81 Crores and Phase – II works out to Rs.125.56 Crores. The Budget for Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan for the entire project (both Phases) is Rs. 28.8 Lakhs covering the construction and operation phase.

Environmental Impact Assessment

The project site is situated at a distance of about 200 m from Bay of Bengal on the east separated by the Beach road. Residential, Institutional and Commercial structures are found on the western side of the project site. The Light House and Marina Beach are located towards the northern side. Adyar Creek is situated on the southern side of the project site.

Adyar creek is one of the sensitive environmental components spread over an area of 358 acres and the project site is located at a distance of 100 m from the creek. The discharge of sewage and disposal of debris from the project activities would cause adverse impacts to Adyar creek, if adequate mitigation measures as given in the EMP are not followed.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been carried out by conducting baseline assessment of the initial evaluation environmental components such as micrometeorology, air, water, and soil, noise quality. The existing condition of the project site was monitored for environmental quality following the MoEF norms. The monitoring program comprised of sampling locations stationed at 6 points in and around the project area. The testing was carried out following the BIS methods. The quality of environmental components was assessed based on the levels of parameters monitored and their comparison with the permissible limits as per the applicable norms. The results of environmental quality monitoring revealed that all the parameters were within the prescribed limits and this monitoring provided the basis for studying the impacts and providing suitable mitigation measures. This project envisages improvements to the existing living condition of communities in the project area. This project also envisages providing better sanitation facilities, safety shelters, workshops for carrying out minor repairs, vehicle parking facilities, recreational facilities and study centres etc.

Impact Identification and Analysis

Construction Phase Impacts

The impact on air, water, soil and noise quality that may arise during the construction phase have been identified as:

• Demolition of existing dilapidated structures

• Handling and Disposal of debris generated from demolition activity

• Transportation of construction materials to the site.

• Handling of Construction Materials

• Other Construction related Activities

The impacts on air and noise quality will be negligible with proper adherence of measures suggested in the EMP. Sewage and solid waste generated from the sanitation facilities proposed for the labourers during construction phase will cause adverse impact to the ground water and soil if the same is not handled properly.The project site is devoid of any endemic flora and fauna and does not harbour any species of ecological or economic importance and hence no adverse impacts are expected during the construction phase.

Operational Phase Impacts

The adverse impact on water including on Adyar creek and on soil due to the discharge of sewage and during collection and disposal of garbage is anticipated, if the wastes are not handled and disposed properly. However, there will not be any adverse impacts on ambient air and noise, as the project does not include backup power through D.G.sets. The project implementation does not result to any increase in pollution load due to the expected decrease in population.

Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures for the identified impacts both during construction and operation phase on air, water, soil and noise quality are described below.

Air quality

During the construction phase, the project site should be provided with wind shields of adequate height along the boundary to abate the dust from spreading to neighbouring habitations. The workers should be provided with requisite environmental health and safety equipments such as face mask as per requirement. Trucks should be covered with tarpaulin to ensure the dust abatement during transportation. Building materials such as blue metal, sand, brick etc should be wetted before loading and unloading operations. Ready mixed concrete should be used for all large concreting in accordance with the applicable standards and norms. Internal roads should be wetted continuously to abate dust generation during vehicular movements.D.G.Sets provided during construction phase should be installed in an appropriate rated enclosure and located from the western boundary of the site with adequate height of stack to ensure that the exhaust gas does not drift towards permanent residential and common facilities. Trucks used for transportation should have periodic emission checks and take corrective action prior to use (if permissible limits are exceeded) to reduce the impact due to exhaust gas emissions. During operation phase, potential adverse impacts on ambient air is not expected since the project does not include backup power supply through D.G.sets. Further there is an expected decrease in the residing population upon project implementation, therefore an increase in traffic and additional adverse impact due to vehicular movements is not anticipated.

Noise Quality

Vehicular movements, some construction activities and D.G.Set operations are bound to increase the noise levels in the working area temporarily. In order to reduce the noise, vehicular movements will be staggered. Ready mixed concrete will be used for large volume concreting in accordance with the applicable standards and norms. Green cover should be proposed along the boundaries for noise abatement to the extent feasible. During the operation phase, there will not be any additional adverse impacts to ambient noise, as the project does not

include backup power through D.G.sets. Further there is an expected decrease in the residing population upon project implementation, therefore an increase in traffic and additional adverse impact on noise quality due to vehicular movements is not anticipated.

Water & Soil Quality

Sewage generated during construction phase from labour toilets and transit shelters should be discharged into the underground sewer with due clearance from the Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB). Therefore, considerable adverse impact on water and soil quality is not expected. Water for the construction activity would be supplied through tanker lorries, and hence no impact is expected on ground water. Adequate number of dumper bins should be provided to collect and store the garbage and the garbage should be disposed through Corporation of Chennai on daily basis. Solid waste generated during construction phase such as building debris should be disposed with the consent of Corporation of Chennai for filling and raising of low lying areas. Reusable materials such as steel, wood etc should be disposed as per applicable norms.

Vehicular movement should be spread over a period of time during the construction phase and separate entry and exit should be maintained. Since the part of population will be relocated no addition in traffic volume is foreseen and hence there will not be any additional adverse impact on traffic.

Environmental Management Plan

The environmental management plan has been presented suggesting sustainable measures for the project activities. The EMP has also outlined the instruments for environmental enhancement such as rain water harvesting, green-belt development, energy conservation measures. The institutional and capacity building framework for the effective implementation of the EMP has been suggested. The implementation of the EMP should be carried out by the TNSCB through a project management consultancy as desired.

Social Impact Assessment

Social Impact Assessment for the project has been carried out for the families enumerated by the TNSCB by considering the data obtained from each family during base line survey through the questionnaires. The indicators used for assessment includes such as family particulars, education, employment, income, livelihood activities (primary and secondary occupation), assets, liabilities, expenditure on maintenance aspects, demographic characteristics, loses, etc. The TNSCB in consultation with the GoTN has categorised the families into five categories as mentioned in the following table based on the scores obtained.

|Category I and IA |SE and ME (Tenements & Huts) (with score > 6) |

|Category II and IIA |SO and MOH ((Tenements and Huts with score > 6) (Score of 4&5) |

|Category III and IIIA |SN and MNH (Tenements and Huts) (Score of 0,1,2,&3) |

|Category IV and IVA |MO(Tenement) MO (Huts) (Score of 6,7,8&9)) |

|Category V and V A |MN (Tenement) MN (Huts) ( Score of 0,1,2,3,4,5) |

The Board in BR No.38/429, Dt:16.07.2009, it has been decided that the claimants in categories I, II, III & IA and IIAa (with documentary proof for having lived in the area in 2005) comprising of 4224 families will be provided with free tenements in Marina, as against the Boards’ approval for categories I, II & IA, IIAa (free tenements at Marina for those having documentary proof for having lived in the area in 2005) will be provided free tenements at Marina. The claimants or the families coming under category IIAb (without documentary proof for having lived in the area in 2005) IIIA, (1676 families) will be provided free tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam under Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project against the Board’s approval for hire purchase tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam.

The claimants coming under category IV (134 families) are the legal heirs, sons and daughters of the occupants of the tenements. If these families are left out, the scheme of construction of tenements in Marina may not be possible to implement peacefully. In view of the Boards approval for subsidized H.P tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam, the same is reiterated in respect of category IV. The families coming under categories IVA, V & VA are ineligible. The abstract details as finalized are mentioned below.

a. Eligible For Tenements In Marina (Under ETRP)

|Category |No. of tenements / huts |As Finalized |

|1 |2 |3 |

|I |2473 |Free tenements at Marina |

|IA |1293 |Free tenements at Marina |

|II |81 |Free tenements at Marina |

|IIAa |97 |Free tenements at Marina for those with documentary |

| | |proof for having lived in the area in 2005 (TAF) |

|III |280 |Free tenements at Marina |

|Total |4224 | |

| |

|b. Eligible For Tenements In OTP (Under ETRP) |

|IIAb |214 |Free tenements at OTP for those without documentary |

| | |proof for having lived in this area in 2005 (PAF). |

|IIIA |1462 |Free tenements at OTP (PAF) |

|TOTAL |1676 | |

| |

|c. Eligible For Tenements Under Hire Purchase |

|IV |134 |Subsidized H.P. tenements at OTP |

|TOTAL |134 | |

| |

|d. Ineligible For Tenements |

|IVA |210 |rejected |

|V |2357 |rejected |

|VA |1265 |rejected |

|Total |3832 | |

|Grand Total |9866 | |

Transit Relocation Plan

The objective and proposal of provision of temporary shelters has been planned inorder to sustain the regular activities of the project affected families under

Category-I and Category-II with emphasis on their livelihood. TNSCB has identified 5 sites for providing transit accommodation for the beneficiaries. The type of shelter and facilities in the proposed temporary shelters has been developed based on the consultations with the project beneficiaries. The Transit Relocation Plan consists of two stages comprising allotment process and the institutional arrangement for implementation.

Resettlement Implementation Plan

Resettlement Implementation Plan (RIP) delineates the stages, objectives, implementation of Resettlement Plan, phasing, the implementation mechanism, the authorities responsible for Implementation of Resettlement Plan, Community Participation for Resettlement Plan Implementation, Steps in implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation procedures, the baseline characteristics for Impact Monitoring, Compensation details, the overall cost of R&R, consultation and participation process for the project and also the exit strategy for the implementation agency. The Resettlement Implementation Plan has been prepared keeping in mind the aspects that ensure the project affected people with provisions of housing and assistance for the losses, to enable them to enhance their living standards.

The budgetary support for RIP provides compensation for assets which includes residential, commercial and common properties such as temples etc. An allowance covering shifting allowance, subsistence allowance and rental allowance has also been included. Compensation for residential structures such as tenants and owner, and commercial structures such shops have been worked out following the provisions laid down in the G.O. Ms. No. 697 Revenue dept Dt. 06.12.2008 of the GoTN. Each allottee will be provided with a two time shifting allowance of Rs.1000 and a rental allowance of Rs.1000 per month for a period of 21 months in case of the those allottees opting for rental accommodation. An allowance of Rs.1000 towards shifting and subsistence allowance of Rs.50/day is provided for shop owners for a period of 18 months.

The implementation of the project should be monitored by the TNSCB through the project management consultant (PMC). The responsibilities of the PMC includes the (i) preparation of photo bio metric card used for allocation and overall monitoring of project implementation, handing over of the Permanent Shelters to the community stakeholders for self-management, their federations, women groups, and others.(ii) ensuring that the allotted person is occupying the permanent shelter and also certify the availability of potable water supply, electricity, sewerage connection, solid waste management facilities and other common facilities. Community Development Wing of TNSCB along with the PMC will be involved to a greater extent in handing over the Permanent shelters to the allottees. (iii) User fees like water charges, sewerage and electricity charges shall be arrived and communicated to the allottees. (iv) ensuring that the dumper bins for the collection of solid waste would be placed at appropriate locations and cleared regularly by the Corporation of Chennai. (v) Development of site specific tasks and allocation of responsibilities through community participation to be undertaken by formal and informal institutions for sustainable self-management of Permanent Shelters by the Allottees and their co-operative societies after project completion.

Conclusion

The environmental and social assessment study has been carried out satisfying the ToR requirements also suggesting suitable and sound management plans for sustainable project implementation.

1

INTRODUCTION

Background

1.1 The Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board in the wake of the tsunami disaster (that occurred on December 26’ 2004, which damaged permanent structures and affected coastal habitations with a population of almost one million in the east coast of Tamil Nadu) has initiated a rehabilitation project to provide better infrastructure facilities for the Tsunami Affected Families living in the project area (Nochikuppam, Nochinagar, Dommingkuppam, Selvarajapuram, Foreshore estate and Srinivasapuram). The TNSCB has proposed to construct tenements with infrastructure in Marina after demolition of the existing dilapidated rental tenements located between Nochikuppam and Srinivasapuram in Chennai under the World Bank funded Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP).The other beneficiaries in this project include the project affected families residing in the existing tenements in the project area.

1.2 The sites proposed for rehabilitation include Nochikuppam, Nochi Nagar, Dommingkuppam, Selvarajapuram, Foreshore Estate and Srinivasapuram with more than 11,000 tsunami-affected families residing in the tenements and huts. The affected families are both fisher folk and non-fisher folk.

1.3 Since there are no suitable sites for rehabilitation of fishermen, the in-situ resettlement has been selected to ensure that fishermen are resettled close to the sea to constitute their livelihood and this ETRP projects main focus is to rehabilitate the people living around Marina and further opening an opportunity for those living in the project affected area in dilapidated tenements to resettle in more secured houses. Against this background, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment has been carried out to examine the feasibility of the project and to prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Resettlement Implementation Plan (RIP).

Objectives

1.4 The main objectives of this assessment is to improve decision making and ensure that the housing construction project from Nochikuppam to Srinivasapuram under consideration is environmentally and socially sustainable and prepare suitable and sound management plans to manage the unavoidable impacts. The main objective is to provide for the implementation of environmental and social management measures, which are required during and after the project construction.

1.5 The outputs of this assessment will also be used to obtain environmental clearances from the Government agencies (both at the State, Central and World Bank levels).

Therefore, the environmental assessment shall be performed in accordance with applicable requirements. With regard to the former, the requirements include compliance to the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006, the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification 1991 and other environmental acts and rules such as the Air Act 1981, Water Act 1974, Environment Protection Act 1987 and the Public Liability Insurance Act 1991. With regard to the World Bank, the operational policies include Bank’s ten safeguard policies. Of these, the most relevant is the OP 4.01 Environment Assessment. All these safeguard policies and guidebooks associated with these safeguard policies should be used for reference.

1.6 The main objective of social assessment is to enumerate the project affected people and ascertain the existing living conditions of the tsunami and project affected people and prepare a Resettlement Implementation Plan. Specific to this Tsunami Emergency Reconstruction Project, there is an Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that has been developed in line with the Bank’s safeguard policies. This EA and SA and management plans (EMP/ RIP) shall be performed in line with the requirements of the ESMF.

Scope

1.7 Scope of work for the assignment as outlined the study ToR is listed below for reference:

• To review all the MoEF, State level and Local Level legislative requirements along with World Bank Operational Policies in order to prescribe the existing environmental and social impact to the proposed project.

• To conduct Base Line Survey and collection of secondary data in relation to document information on environmental and social issues regarding climate, topography, characteristics, drainage, soil characteristics, green cover, air quality, noise levels, water quality, and wastage management practices. As far the social issues are concerned, the family particulars, education, employment, income, livelihood activities, assets, debt liability, expenditure on maintenance, demographic characteristics and losses etc., are covered.

• To identify the project’s potential impacts related to various environmental components during pre-construction, construction and operation phases. To understand these impacts on various social issues and framing remedial measures on prevention, mitigation and compensation related to the temporary shelters as well as the permanent shelters in the above periods.

• In order to identify the remedial measures, stakeholders’ consultations, analysis of alternative requirements, mitigation of adverse impacts are all followed.

• In the post resettlement phase discussion on allotment processes and forming building wise cooperative groups in full consultation and participation of potential beneficiaries.

Approach and Methodology

1.8 The methodology adopted for conducting the environmental and social impact assessment is by organizing through conducting baseline survey and collecting information on primary and secondary data, discussions with key stakeholders with regard to assessing the potential impacts and implication of the project from a socio-economic and environmental standpoint.

1.9 Initial social and environmental examination of the potential aspects and related impacts has been performed through baseline surveys, secondary data collection and stakeholder consultations. Environmental issues such as climate, topography, drainage, soil characteristics, green cover, air quality, noise levels, water quality, and sanitation and waste management practices have been monitored through sampling and analysis of critical environmental parameters have also been performed accordingly.

1.10 The socio-economic data on tsunami affected people and tenements including demography details family particulars, education and literacy level, employment, income, livelihood, assets, financial discipline (debt management etc.), expenditure on maintenance, aspects, like petty shops, other livelihood options, assets, health profile, basic facilities and amenities such as water supply and sanitation have been collected through the baseline survey.

1.11 Analysis of the aforementioned surveys and investigations and associated data shall have been performed to identify the potential impacts on the project from a socio-environmental standpoint. Based on the outcome of the analysis, consultations and discussions, project-specific EMP and RAP for remedial and mitigation measures have been prepared in a tangible manner. Detailed methodology explained in the Social impact assessment chapter.

Description of Project and Project Area

Project Master Plan

1.12 As specified earlier, this scheme is an initiative of the TNSCB to rehabilitate the public affected by tsunami living in huts and tenement in marina under the aegis of the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP) funded by The World Bank. The beneficiaries includes the people living in TNSCB tenements who are likely to be affected due to the project implementation as these tenements are need to be demolished to create space for the construction and also due to dilapidated conditions of the structure constructed during 1970 to 1975, The map of the project area is presented in Annexure-IV.

Modalities of Construction

1.13 This reconstruction plan is proposed to be taken up and completed within a period of two years. The new tenements are to be constructed by raising the basement level suitably and incorporating the latest technology with respect to earthquake and tsunami/ cyclone resistance. The proposed reconstruction plan shall include structural stability factors keeping in view the vulnerable location of the project site along the sea front. The site is under jurisdiction of Division No.6 of Corporation of Chennai. All settlements are situated along the coastal belt on Kamarajar Salai and Santhome High Road in the Eastern direction and spread over a distance of 2.05 km. The proposed layout comprising all project sites has been designed with an internal road network gaining access from the existing 18 meter wide road running north to south.

Project Site Location

1.14 The project site is located in Triplicane and Mylapore Taluk and is adjacent to the Santhome Church and Light House. The project site has an extent of 14.96 hectares and the existing tenements and huts are in a dilapidated condition due to tsunami. These structures are proposed to be demolished and reconstructed under this project. The project site is observed to be fairly level site and is suitable for construction.

Preference for Relocation & Resettlement

1.15 An important section of the enumeration performed involved assessment of the requirement/ choice of the respondents in both tenement and non-tenement categories on the following aspects:

▪ Temporary Shelters – Preference for selecting (a) Transit Site; (b) Rental; and (c) Relocation to off-site transit sites at Okkiyam – Thoraipakkam

▪ Permanent Shelters – Preference for (a) Same Location (Project Site) and (b) Off-site/ Other Location

Preference for Temporary and Permanent Shelters

|Preference for Relocation |Tenement |Non-Tenement |Total |

|Temporary Shelters |  |  |  |

|1. Transit Site |1489 |1885 |3374 |

|2. Rental |0 |0 |0 |

|3. Others |0 |0 |0 |

|4. Non respondent |1512 |899 | |

|Total |3001 |2784 |5785 |

|Permanent Relocation |  |  |0 |

|1. Same Location |3001 |2784 |5785 |

|2. Other Places |0 |0 |0 |

|3. Non Respondent |0 | | |

|Total |3001 |2784 |5785 |

It can be seen that almost the entire community surveyed prefers the project site in the case of transit relocation (temporary shelters) and the proposed site for reconstruction in the case of permanent shelters. The permanent shelter to be constructed by TNSCB 3272 units in Phase I areas and temporary shelter constructed will be 3636 Nos. for Phase I & Phase II areas and the beneficiaries identified is 2539 Nos. the remaining temporary shelters are to be provided to phase II area families. Around 1200 families have given the willingness to rental option to TNSCB.

CRZ Consideration

1.16 The Government of India by its notification issued in 1991 has declared that coastal stretches of bays, estuaries, backwaters, seas, and creeks etc which are influenced by tidal actions (on the landward side) up to 500-m from the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the low tide line (LTL) and the High Tide Line (HTL) are coastal regulation zones. The Guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has categorized the coastal zone into 4 categories and the proposed site for construction comes under the purview of CRZ-II, i.e., areas within the municipal limits. As per Para 6(2)-CRZ –II (I); of the regulation, buildings shall be permitted only in the landward side of the existing road in the approved coastal zone management plan of the area or on the landward side of the existing authorized structures. Since the project site falls within the landward side of the existing road, it can be inferred that the CRZ –II regulations are satisfied subject to approval by pertinent authorities.

Distribution of Land Use

Land-use distribution details for the site are presented in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Land Use Pattern

|S. No |Land Use |Area (Ha) |Percentage |

|1. |Residential |9.89 |66.10 |

|2. |Park and Greenery |1.28 |8.56 |

|3. |Public Purpose |0.63 |4.21 |

|4. |Commercial |0.45 |3.01 |

|5. |Roads |2.71 |18.12 |

| |Total |14.96 |100.00 |

Source:TNSCB

Existing Tenements and Non Tenements in the Scheme Areas under Phase I

1.17 The project envisages providing permanent shelters for beneficiaries residing in the existing 1,506 tenements constructed between 1970 and 1975 which are 2 or 3 storey buildings and 1,710 huts thereby totalling to 3,152 structures. The following table provides necessary details.

Table 1.2: Existing tenements in the scheme areas as well as Tsunami affected families

|S. No. |Corp |Name of Existing Tenement |Year of |Extent |Pattern of |No of Existing|No. of |

| |Div. No. |Area and Tsunami affected |Constr. |In Ha. |existing |Tenements |existing |

| | |habitats | | |development | |Huts |

|1. |145 |Nochikuppam & Nochinagar |1971-1972 |3.15 |G+2 |786 |558 |

|2. |146 |Dommingkuppam & |1970-1971 |2.79 |G+2, G+3 |584 |401 |

| | |Selvarajapuram | | | | | |

|4. |150 |Foreshore Estate |1970-1972 |2.36 |G+1 |136 |751 |

| | |Total | |14.51 | |1506 |1,710 |

2

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Need for EIA

2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment of the project site has been performed as per study ToR requirements and as per applicable guidelines referred in the ToR towards identification of environmental impacts during relevant stages of the study and consequential preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Regulatory Framework

Prevailing Regulatory Framework for the Infrastructure Projects

A review of the Prevailing Regulatory Framework has been performed and its salient features are outlined below.

2.2 Regulatory Framework – Environment: In India, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the primary legal handle devised by the Government of India to enforce the environmental laws in the country. This vital act has undergone revisions based on various public participation hearings and the consultation process. The EIA notification 2006 is one of the current governing legal tools in the Country enforcing the environmental safeguard requirements. There are certain mandatory and prescriptive environmental laws/ regulation in vogue in the country, which are highlighted below:

2.3 Mandatory: Mandatory environmental laws applicable to the proposed Fund financed projects would be both pollution and natural resource related. Pollution laws in the last decade impose strict controls over industrial and municipal operations. Despite participation by States and other bodies, the Government of India (GoI) continues to have the final say on all matters concerning natural resources, even with policies such as the National Forest Policy of 1988, which invites local participation. Following are some of the mandatory environmental laws applicable:

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: This law seeks to control pollution of water and enhance the quality of water. Under this law, generally it is mandatory to obtain consent for discharge of effluents from State Pollution Control Board.

• Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981: This law addresses the prevention and control of air pollution. Consent of SPCB has to be obtained to be operated the facility in the air pollution control area.

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977: This Act provides for levy and collection of a Cess by local authorities on water consumed by persons (ULB’s) or industries to augment resources for Pollution Control Boards.

• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: This law essentially links pollution and natural resource issues. It seeks to supplement existing laws on pollution control and also lays down standards for air quality and noise. The Govt in pursuance of its rule-making powers under the Act, has passed notifications regulating sifting of industry and operations.

A. Prescriptive: Constitutional Guarantees

a) Article 48-A of the Constitution: This directive principle states that the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the natural environment

b) Article 51-A of the Constitution: This fundamental duty states that it is the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment.

B. Environmental Rules

• Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1990: This notification under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 supplements the law on site clearance by declaring certain zones as CRZ and regulates activities in these zones.

• Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000: This notification was issued by the MoEF) of GoI, which lays down the methods of handling Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its scientific disposal. It bans incineration of MSW.

• Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989: This law addresses handling of hazardous substances that fall under specified schedules. Projects envisaged by the proposed Fund may not require handling of specified substances.

C. Policies

a) National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992.

b) Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution, 1992.

D. COMPETENT REGULATORY AGENCIES

a) Pollution Control Boards: Based on environmental clearances/sitting guidelines, the SPCBS issues “consent to establish and consent to discharge” under pollution laws.

b) State/Central Ministry of Environment and Forests: State/Central MoEF is responsible for issue of environmental clearances under EIA Notification, 2006. In respect of construction projects, State Govt is the authority for issue of environmental clearances.

c) World Bank / Other Multilateral Agencies: The World Bank and other Multilateral Agencies would ensure compliance with their Operational Directives (OD) in case of projects funded by them and those needs to be complied with.

Review of Policies

Synopsis of Select Environmental Laws and Regulations

2.4 This section is provided as a reminder that all activities under the proposed project must be consistent with all applicable laws, regulations, notifications that are judged to be relevant in the context of the rehabilitation and reconstruction effort. It is the responsibility of the Implementing Agency to ensure that project activities are consistent with the regulatory/legal framework, whether national, state or municipal/local. This section is not a legal opinion on the applicability of the law but serves as guidance in the application of the law to the current project context.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts

2.5 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) whose responsibilities include managing water and Air quality and monitoring the industrial and other activities causing pollution to water bodies, soil and atmosphere, prosecuting offenders and issuing consent for discharge of effluents. The SPCB is also empowered to set guidelines for monitoring. The SPCBS empowers to prosecute offenders under the Water (P&CP) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

Relevance to the project (For housing)

2.6 All construction projects need to obtain the consent-to-establish and consent-to-operate for the facility and as well as for other supporting plants such as concrete batching, stone crushing etc – that they may erect for the purpose of construction activities. If existing plants are to be used, then these should have the required consents.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006

2.7 Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 is the umbrella legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. This Act provides for the Environment (Protection) Rules. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994, as revised during 2006 form a part of the regulations under this legislation.

Relevant to the project (For housing)

Certain type of urban housing projects may need environmental clearance from the State MoEF. These include those projects which exceeds the criteria given in table below.

Table 2.1: Building /Construction projects / Area Development projects and Townships

|8(a) |Building and |≥20000 sq.mtrs and |#(built up area for covered construction; |

| |Construction Projects | ................
................

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