El subjuntivo Guía de estudio - sra. ramage
El subjuntivo Gu?a de estudio
In general, the indicative mood is used to relate or describe something that is definite, certain, or factual; it is also used to ask questions. The indicative verb will typically follow clauses like creer que..., es verdad que..., no hay duda que..., es obvio que..., es evidente que..., pensar que..., parecer que..., etc. which state a fact, or something that has already taken place or is certain to take place.
The subjunctive mood is used after certain verbs or expressions that indicate desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, or uncertainty. Typically, the outcome of an action is unknown. Compare the differences in the following sentences:
T? siempre tienes buena suerte. You always have good luck.
Espero que t? tengas buena suerte. I hope (that) you have good luck.
Compare the use of the verb `tienes' with `tengas'. Tienes (indicative) is used to make a statement of fact. The subjunctive verb tengas, on the other hand, shows that the outcome of having good luck is unknown because the person may not have good luck.
The subjunctive is used to express: Uncertainty, doubt Wishes, hopes, desires, volition Impersonal expressions Emotion Requests Denial Ojal?
[hay duda que, dudo que, niego que, no estoy seguro de que, etc.] [espero que, quiero que, ojal? (que), proh?bo que, etc.] [es posible que, no es posible que, es importante que, etc.] [me alegro de que, es bueno que, me enoja que, etc.] [pido que, digo que] [niego que. no quiero que, no pienso que]
After verbs of volition (where someone wants that someone else do something), the subjunctive is required. Mi mam? quiere que yo limpie mi cuarto. My mom wants that I clean my room.
The subjunctive is always used after the expressions: para que (so that), a fin de que (so that), sin que (without), a menos que (unless), en caso de que (in case).
To form the subjunctive, the conjugation is based on the "yo" form of the verb in the present tense.
-ar verbs drop the "0" of the `yo' form of the present conjugation and add "e" -er, -ir verbs drop the "o" of the "yo" form of the verb and add "a"
The main clause is indicative while the dependent clause after "que" is subjunctive, when subjunctive is required.
Mi mama me pide que yo haga mi tarea. `pide' is indicative and `haga' is subjunctive, because I might not do it. The outcome is unknown.
Below are the basic forms for the subjunctive. Not all irregularities are included.
hablar hablo
hable hables hable
hables habl?is hablen
pensar pienso
piense pienses piense
pensemos pens?is piensen
acostarse me acuesto
me acueste te acuestes se acueste
nos acostemos os acost?is se acuesten
comer como
coma comas coma
comamos com?is coman
escribir escribo
escriba escribas escriba
escribamos escrib?is escriban
haga hagas haga
hacer hago
hagamos hag?is hagan
traer traigo
traiga traigas traiga
traigamos traig?is traigan
-car buscar busco
busque busques busque
busquemos busqu?is busquen
divertirse me divierto
me divierta te diviertas se divierta
nos divertamos os divert?is se diviertan
-gar jugar juego
juegue juegues juegue
jugemos jug?is jueguen
caerse me caigo
me caiga te caigas se caiga
nos caigamos os caig?is se caigan
-zar comenzar comienzo
comience comiences comience
comencemos comenc?is comiencen
-ger recoger recojo
recoja recojas recoja
recojamos recoj?is recojan
-gir corregir corrijo
corrija corrijas corrija
corrijamos corrij?is corrijan
-guar - -g? averiguar averiguo
averig?e averig?es averig?e
averig?emos averig??is averig?en
-cer conocer conozco
conozca conozcas conozca
conozcamos conocz?is conozcan
-cir conducir conduzco
conduzca conduzcas conduzca
conduzcamos conduzc?is conduzcan
Six verbs have irregular forms.
ir
vaya
vayamos
vayas
vay?is
vaya
vayan
haya hayas haya
haber
hayamos hay?is hayan
dar
d?
demos
des
deis
d?
den
estar
est?
estemos
est?s
est?is
est?
est?n
ser sea seas sea
seamos se?is sean
sepa sepas sepa
saber
sepamos sep?is sepan
Stem-changing verbs: -ar (o-ue) and ?er (e-ie) verbs that change in the present tense indicative make the same changes in the present subjunctive, but like the indicative, the nosotros form doesn't take the stem change.
encontrar
encuentre
encontremos
encuentres
encontr?is
encuentre
encuentren
entender
entienda
entendemos
entiendas
entend?is
entienda
entiendan
Stem-changing ?ir verbs that change e-ie or o-ue make the same change in the present subjunctive, but unlike the above ? ar and ?er stem changers, they also change in the `nosotros' form.
sienta sientas sienta
sentir
sintamos sint?is sientan
dormir
duerma
durmamos
duermas
durm?is
duerma
duerman
Stem-changing ?ir verbs that change e-i make the same change in the subjunctive, and carry the change all the way through the conjugation.
sirva sirvas sirva
servir
sirvamos sirv?is sirvan
repita repitas repita
repetir repitamos repit?is repitan
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