Environmental Impact Assessment Report - World Bank

[Pages:64]E1708 v3

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

For

(Proposed Karimenu Water Scheme)

WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WaSSIP)

February 2009

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................2 1.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................5 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND ..........................................................................7 1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION .........................................................................8 1.4. STUDY OBJECTIVES..................................................................................9 1.5 ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE ...........................9 1.6 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................10 1.7 METHODOLOGY STAGES .......................................................................11 Pre-Assessment activities: .............................................................................11 EIA activities: ................................................................................................11 Post-Assessment activities:............................................................................11

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................12 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION ..................................................................12 2.2 CURRENT STATUS....................................................................................12 2.3 MAIN FACILITY COMPONENT...............................................................13 2.4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE.............................................................13 2.5 PROJECT COST ..........................................................................................14

CHAPTER 3: BASELINE INFORMATION........................................................15 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY .......................................................15 3.2 DRAINAGE AND HYDROLOGY..............................................................15 3.3 BIODIVERSITY ..........................................................................................15 Vegetation and Animal species......................................................................15 3.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS..........................................................................15 Rainfall...........................................................................................................15 Temperatures..................................................................................................16 Humidity and Evaporation.............................................................................16 3.5 GEOLOGY AND SOILS .............................................................................16 3.6 WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................16 Surface Water.................................................................................................16 Ground Water.................................................................................................16 3.7 WATER QUALITY ASPECTS ...................................................................16 Sewage / and other effluents ..........................................................................16 Solid wastes ...................................................................................................17 3.8 SOCIAL SETTING ......................................................................................17 Population and Settlement Patterns ...............................................................17

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...18 4.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN...................................18 4.2 POLICY PAPER ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. ............................................................................................................................18 4.3 THE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION ACT (EMCA). ............................................................................................................................19 4.4 THE WATER ACT 2002. ............................................................................20 Section 18.......................................................................................................20 4.5 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RULES 2007............................21 4.6 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. .............................................................................21 Under Section 126..........................................................................................22

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

Section 136; ...................................................................................................22 4.8 THE PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT, CAP 286 ...........................................23 4.9 LAND PLANNING ACT (CAP 303). .........................................................23 4.9.1 AGRICULTURE ACT (CAP 318)............................................................24 4.9.2 THE LAND ACQUISITION ACT CAP 295. ...........................................24 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT.........................25 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS ....................25

5.2.1 Positive Effects .....................................................................................25 5.2.2 Negative Impacts ..................................................................................26 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MGT & MONITORING PLAN 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ENVIRONMENTAL MGT PLAN................29 CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN............31 6.2 OPERATION PHASE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....37 EMP DURING OPERATION .......................................................................38 6.2 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................................................42 EMP DURING DECOMMISSIONING OF THE PLANT ...........................43 6.4 MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING...........................45 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .............................47 PHOTOGRAPHS ..................................................................................................48 LIST OF REFERENCES.......................................................................................53

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

ANNEXES

Annex I Annex II Annex III Annex IV Annex V

Water Test Analysis Report Project Map Location Public Participation document Responses to World Bank Environment specialist Responses to NEMA comments

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3

Water Service provider under AWSB Access to water by Districts under AWSB Diagrammatic Representation of the project

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

1.1 GENERAL The Government of Kenya (GOK), through the Water Act (2002) aims at providing harmonized and streamlined management of water resources, water supply and sewerage services through institutional reform. With support of IDA the reforms have been accelerated in Nairobi and the adjacent four districts of Kiambu East, Kiambu West, Thika and Gatundu which resulted to strong governance and an institutional and service delivery framework that has enabled fairly efficient and sustainable delivery of water and sewerage services to the population. The GOK recognize the need to strengthen the gains achieved through the reform initiatives by increasing investments in the water supply and sewerage sector in order to remove the bottlenecks to achieving poverty reduction and economic growth objectives as stipulated in Vision 2030.

Increasing access to sustainable and affordable water services is a priority of the Government within the overall policy framework of the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation. In order to address the problems associated with access and provision of water services, the Government has embarked on reforms in the water sector under the framework of the Water Act 2002.

The Act aims at providing for a harmonized and streamlined management of water resources and water supply. Athi water Services Board (AWSB) and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) are spearheading the implementation process.

These reforms were mainly occasioned by the inability of the existing arrangements for provision of water services to deliver and maintain basic water supply infrastructure for the growing population and the need to have structured coordination of the various actors involved in the water sector.

The institutional framework set out in the Water Act 2002 aims at ensuring that policy formulation, regulation and service delivery roles are clearly delineated, with each role being carried out by a separate entity. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) will no longer be involved directly in management of water services. It will mainly undertake policy formulation, sector strategy development, Research and training, sector

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

coordination, planning and financing. The Water Services Regulatory Board (WSRB) is responsible for the regulation of water and sewerage services including development and maintenance of quality standards and issuance of licenses for service provision. Water Services Boards (WSBs) have the legal responsibility for provision of water and sewerage services within their prescribed areas of jurisdiction under license from WSRB. Their responsibilities include holding or leasing and developing water assets, contracting Water Service Providers (WSPs) who shall be their main agents in provision of water services, and preparing plans for improvement of services including expanding service coverage and reviewing tariffs. WSPs are the entities through which the WSBs will provide water and sewerage services under appropriate agreements entered into between them with approval of the WSRB. The WSPs may be community groups, NGOs, private companies including those set up by local authorities for the specific purpose of operating water services. Water Services Board formed out of these reforms are Athi, Tana, Tana-Athi, Coast, Northern, Lake Victoria North, Lake Victoria South and Rift Valley Water Services Boards.

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

TABLE 1: WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS UNDER AWSB

Water Company Name

Address

(P.O. Box)

1 Kiambu Water & Sewerage Company Ltd

176

2 Gatundu South Water & Sanitation Company 140

Ltd

3 Karimenu Community Water & Sanitation

170

Company Ltd

4 Gatanga Community Water Project

6133

5 Limuru Water & Sewerage Company Ltd

1286

6 Kikuyu Water Company Limited

313

7 Ruiru Juja Water & Sewerage Company Ltd 1165 -00232

8 Nairobi City Water & Sewerage Company Ltd 30656 - 00100

9 Kitisuru Water Company Ltd

30029 - 00100

10 Runda Water & Sewerage Company Ltd

505 00621

Town

Kiambu Gatundu

Gatukuyu

Thika Limuru Kikuyu Ruiru Nairobi Nairobi Nairobi

11 Githunguri Water and Sanitation Company Ltd 823 ? 00216

Githunguri.

* (Source AWSB Rapid Result Study of 2005)*

1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND Karimenu water scheme is only a raw water distribution main constructed in the early seventies. During construction there was no habitation upstream of the intake works and therefore there was no need of the full treatment. However, with time people have continued to cultivate upstream of the said intake causing pollution through chemicals and eroded soils.

Population served by the project was then small as compared to the present. Population increase resulted in demand exceeding supply. People sought alternatives sources elsewhere including Nairobi Water Company mainline, to date, there are eighteen off-takes serving about 3000 people from the Nairobi mainline.

With the proposed change of intake works an extra head of about 20m shall be created within the system. The increased head will in return increase flow by about 3000m3 per

day to a total of 9000 cubic meters per day from the current 6000 cubic meters per day. In

addition to above and will construction of proposed full treatment works people currently

served by the 18 off-takes from Nairobi water mains will be connected to the new scheme.

This will allow Nairobi Water Company to supply additional consumers in Nairobi City. 7

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

Preliminary survey of Karimenu water project revealed that water project falls short of satisfying target consumer population. With a design capacity of 960m3/d the population is optimum but serving only 600 connections opposed to the original 2,300. This is a clear indication of uneven water distribution and unaccountability as the supply is not metered. Billing is done monthly on a flat rate basis and majority of the consumers particularly in Karimenu location do not receive water hence they don't pay. Infrastructure development of the facility will therefore be necessary for the following reasons

Revenue generation and collection Extended water distribution network, accountability, accessibility and streamlined

monitoring capacity. Improve the water treatment component therefore improving water quality Clean up the intake to reduce the water purification Provision of reliable affordable clean water to the consumers

Table 2: Access to water by districts under AWSB area in percentage

District

Access to

Access to

Access to

5 year MDG

water 2004

water

water

target increase

-2006

- 2012

Thika

45 %

58%

71%

13%

Larger Kiambu 25%

34%

55%

20%

Nairobi

93%

91%

95%

3%

Average

54%

61%

74%

* (Source AWSB Rapid Result Study of 2005) ** (Source Economic survey of 2006)

From the table it is clear that the current supply of water in the district is not sufficient, therefore initiating the proposed project will be a mile stone towards handling the problem of water shortages in the district.

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Karimenu Water Scheme

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