Grade 6 Book Science and Environment

Science and Environment Grade - 6

Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Center

Publisher:

Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

? Publisher

First Edition : 2016

Revised Edition : 2018

Price Rs : 69/-

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any other form or by any means for commercial purpose without the prior permission in writing of the Curriculum Development Centre.

Preface

The curriculum and curricular materials have been developed and revised on a regular basis with the aim of making education purposeful, practical, relevant and job-oriented. It is necessary to instill the feeling of nationalism, national integrity and democratic spirit in students and equip them with morality, discipline and selfreliance so as to develop in them social and personal skills as well as the basic competencies of language, science, occupation, information and communication technology, environment and health, and life skills. It is also necessary to enable them to appreciate, preserve and promote arts and aesthetics, social norms and values and ideals. Moreover, in order to develop an equitable society, it is necessary to inculcate students with respect for ethnicity, gender, disabilities, languages, religions, cultures and regional diversity. Likewise, education should also help them to be well-informed of human rights and social norms and values so as to make them capable of playing the role of responsible citizens. This textbook has been developed in this form based on the Basic Education Curriculum, 2069 (Grade 6 ), incorporating the feedback obtained from various schools, workshops and seminars and interaction programmes attained by the teachers, students and parents. This textbook was translated and edited by Kedar Gobinda Amatya, Ram Prasad Subedi Dambardhoj Angdembe. In bringing out this text book in this form, the contribution of the Executive Director of CDC Mr. Khagaraj Baral, Deputy Director Dinesh Khanal, Prof Dr. Hridayaratna Bajracharya, Prof Dr Chidananda Pandit, Umanath Lamsal"Umesh", Parvati Bhattarai, Uttara Shreshtha, Bijay Kanta Mishra is highly commendable. Language of this book was edited by Nim Prakash Sing Rathor and Lalmani Joshi. The layout design of the book was done by Jayaram Kuikel. The illustration of the book was done by Sunil Ranjit and Gautam Manandhar. CDC extends sincere thanks to all those who have contributed in the development and revision of this text book. Textbook is considered as an important tool of learning. Experienced teachers and curious students can use various learning resources and tools to achieve the competencies targeted by the curriculum. An attempt is made to make this textbook activity oriented and interested as far as possible. The teachers, students and other stakeholders are expected to make constructive comments and suggestions to make this book a more useful learning material.

Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre

Table of Content

Unit

Content

Page number

1.

Measurement

1

2.

Force and Motion

9

3.

Simple Machine

15

4

Heat

20

5

Light

30

6

Sound

36

7

Magnet

43

8

Electricity

50

9.

Matter

56

10.

Mixture

64

11.

Some Useful Chemicals

71

12

Air

75

13.

Metal and Non-Metal

81

14.

Living Beings

89

15.

Cell Structure

107

16.

Life Process

115

17.

Structure of the Earth

127

18.

Weather

135

19.

Solar System

141

20.

Environment and its Balance

149

21

Environmental Degradation

and its Conservation

166

22.

Environment and

Sustainable Development

184

Unit - 1

Measurement

Measurement plays an important role in our everyday life. A good measurement is essential for every action we perform. For example, a tailor measures our body and body parts for the better fitting of clothes. Similarly liquid commodities such as oil, milk, etc are measured with the standard measuring vessels to get their exact volume for their marketing purposes or so. Land is sold or purchased by its area measurement. The body temperature of a patient is measured with the help of a thermometer. In the same way we need to know the proper measurements of different aspects of the objects such as the length, area, volume, or the weight of a solid etc, to run our daily life smoothly.

The physical quantity refers to the measurements of the mass, length, area and volume of an object.

We need different instruments to measure various physical quantities. Diagrams of some measuring devices are given below.

Measuring tape

Physical balance

Watch

Local measurement system

Spring balance

Long time back, before the existence of the bureau of measurement in our country, people used to measure the length with the help of the individual's arm length, which naturally differs from individual to individual. The smaller demunitive length is measured in "Bitta", etc. These measurements simply give the approximate idea of measurement of length. The grains and volume of the liquid is measured in terms of mana, pathi, muri, etc in some areas. Though the bureau of Nepal government's standardized measurements of manna, pathi, or dharnee is reliable, this system is not followed all over the country. In Terai region, another system as maund, ser (tola), chhatak, etc was in common use. It is quite difficult to relate different systems

Science and Environment, Class - 6

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