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| |DIRECT OBJECT (D.O) |INDIRECT OBJECT (I.O |
|What is it? |It is the word or phrase which receives | |
| |directly the action of the verb in a sentence. | |
| |It can also refers to a person. | |
| |I bought flowers. |I bought flowers to my girlfriend. |
| |(Yo) compré flores. |(Yo) compré flores a mi novia. |
| |V D.O. |Verb D.O. I.O. |
|Examples |She loves Luis. |* The flowers are going to “my girlfriend” |
| |(Ella) ama a Luis. | |
| |V D.O. | |
|How can we replace them? |They can be replaced by the following pronouns:|They can be replaced by the following pronouns:|
| |la, las, lo, los me, te, os, nos. |me, te, le (se), os, nos, les. |
| |I bought flowers. |I bought flowers to my girlfriend. |
| |I bought THEM. |I bought flowers to HER. |
| |(Yo) compré flores. | |
| |(Yo) LAS compré. |(Yo) compré flores a mi novia. |
| |Use LAS because the word “flowers” / “flores” |(Yo) LE compré flores. |
| |is feminine and plural. |Use LE because we are talking about 3rd person |
| | |- singular. |
|Examples |She loves Luis. |What if the flowers are for me? |
| |She loves HIM. |It would be: |
| |(Ella) ama a Luis. |ME compré flores. |
| |(Ella) LO ama. |TE compré flores. (for you) |
| |Use LO because “Luis” is masculine and |LE compré flores. (for him, for her, for you/ |
| |singular. |used - formal way) |
| | |NOS compré flores. (for us) |
| | |LES compré flores. (to them) |
| |First, we need to identify the direct and indirect object. |
| |Then, we need to replace them with pronouns. |
| |Let’s look at this sentence: |
| |He bought flowers to us/ He bought us flowers. |
| |Él compró flores para nosotros. |
| |DIRECT OBJECT: flowers/ flores: LAS (feminine and plural) |
| |INDIRECT OBJECT: to us/ NOS (1st person plural) |
| | |
| |Remember that the order is INDIRECT OBJECT - DIRECT OBJECT: |
| |Él NOS LAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
| |What if bought flowers to me? |
| |It would be: ME LAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
| |What if they are for you? |
| |TELAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
| |What if they are for her/ for him? |
| |According to the rule, it would be: |
| |LE LAS compró. (x) |
|What if we want to replace both direct and indirect object? |But LE LAS doesn’t exist. LE changes into “SE” |
| |So, the correct form would be: |
| |SELAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
| |What if the flowers are for us? |
| |NOSLAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
| |What if the flowers are for them? |
| |Again, the rule says: LE LAS compró. (x) But LE LAS doesn’t exist. LE |
| |changes into “SE” |
| |SELAS compró. |
| |I.O D.O |
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Finally, where do pronouns are placed? In English direct object pronouns go after the verb.
They bought a house. They bought IT.
They want to buy a house. They want to buy IT.
They are buying a house. They are buying IT.
Buy a house! Buy IT!
Don’t buy the house! Don’t buy IT!
In Spanish, the placement will change if the verb is:
| |CONJUGATED |INFINITIVE AND GERUND |IMPERATIVE |
|Where are the pronouns? |Before and separated from the verb |After the verb and joined to it or |If it’s an affirmative command: |
| | |before the conjugated verb and |after the verb and joined to it. |
| | |separated. |If it’s a negative command: before |
| | | |and separated. |
| |Compraron una casa el año pasado. |Quiero comprar una casa. |Ana: Quiero un carro nuevo. |
| |La compraron el año pasado. |Quiero comprarla. |José: Cómpratelo ahora. |
| | |or |José: No te lo compres este año |
| | |La quiero comprar. | |
| | |Están vendiendo una casa. | |
| | |Están vendiéndola. | |
|Examples: | |or | |
| | |La están vendiendo. | |
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