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| |DIRECT OBJECT (D.O) |INDIRECT OBJECT (I.O |

|What is it? |It is the word or phrase which receives | |

| |directly the action of the verb in a sentence. | |

| |It can also refers to a person. | |

| |I bought flowers. |I bought flowers to my girlfriend. |

| |(Yo) compré flores. |(Yo) compré flores a mi novia. |

| |V D.O. |Verb D.O. I.O. |

|Examples |She loves Luis. |* The flowers are going to “my girlfriend” |

| |(Ella) ama a Luis. | |

| |V D.O. | |

|How can we replace them? |They can be replaced by the following pronouns:|They can be replaced by the following pronouns:|

| |la, las, lo, los me, te, os, nos. |me, te, le (se), os, nos, les. |

| |I bought flowers. |I bought flowers to my girlfriend. |

| |I bought THEM. |I bought flowers to HER. |

| |(Yo) compré flores. | |

| |(Yo) LAS compré. |(Yo) compré flores a mi novia. |

| |Use LAS because the word “flowers” / “flores” |(Yo) LE compré flores. |

| |is feminine and plural. |Use LE because we are talking about 3rd person |

| | |- singular. |

|Examples |She loves Luis. |What if the flowers are for me? |

| |She loves HIM. |It would be: |

| |(Ella) ama a Luis. |ME compré flores. |

| |(Ella) LO ama. |TE compré flores. (for you) |

| |Use LO because “Luis” is masculine and |LE compré flores. (for him, for her, for you/ |

| |singular. |used - formal way) |

| | |NOS compré flores. (for us) |

| | |LES compré flores. (to them) |

| |First, we need to identify the direct and indirect object. |

| |Then, we need to replace them with pronouns. |

| |Let’s look at this sentence: |

| |He bought flowers to us/ He bought us flowers. |

| |Él compró flores para nosotros. |

| |DIRECT OBJECT: flowers/ flores: LAS (feminine and plural) |

| |INDIRECT OBJECT: to us/ NOS (1st person plural) |

| | |

| |Remember that the order is INDIRECT OBJECT - DIRECT OBJECT: |

| |Él NOS LAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

| |What if bought flowers to me? |

| |It would be: ME LAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

| |What if they are for you? |

| |TELAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

| |What if they are for her/ for him? |

| |According to the rule, it would be: |

| |LE LAS compró. (x) |

|What if we want to replace both direct and indirect object? |But LE LAS doesn’t exist. LE changes into “SE” |

| |So, the correct form would be: |

| |SELAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

| |What if the flowers are for us? |

| |NOSLAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

| |What if the flowers are for them? |

| |Again, the rule says: LE LAS compró. (x) But LE LAS doesn’t exist. LE |

| |changes into “SE” |

| |SELAS compró. |

| |I.O D.O |

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Finally, where do pronouns are placed? In English direct object pronouns go after the verb.

They bought a house. They bought IT.

They want to buy a house. They want to buy IT.

They are buying a house. They are buying IT.

Buy a house! Buy IT!

Don’t buy the house! Don’t buy IT!

In Spanish, the placement will change if the verb is:

| |CONJUGATED |INFINITIVE AND GERUND |IMPERATIVE |

|Where are the pronouns? |Before and separated from the verb |After the verb and joined to it or |If it’s an affirmative command: |

| | |before the conjugated verb and |after the verb and joined to it. |

| | |separated. |If it’s a negative command: before |

| | | |and separated. |

| |Compraron una casa el año pasado. |Quiero comprar una casa. |Ana: Quiero un carro nuevo. |

| |La compraron el año pasado. |Quiero comprarla. |José: Cómpratelo ahora. |

| | |or |José: No te lo compres este año |

| | |La quiero comprar. | |

| | |Están vendiendo una casa. | |

| | |Están vendiéndola. | |

|Examples: | |or | |

| | |La están vendiendo. | |

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