Meiosis and Mendel Study Guide A

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Meiosis and Mendel

Study Guide A

Answer Key

SECTION 1. CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS

1. somatic/body cells; germ cells/gametes 2. reproductive 3. 46 4. mother 5. father 6. autosomes 7. X 8. Y 9. female 10. Y 11. fuse 12. Germ 13. haploid 14. sex chromosome 15. Mitosis 16. Meiosis 17. a; b; e

SECTION 2. PROCESS OF MEIOSIS 1. sister chromatid 2. homologous 3. Refer to Figure 2.3 for visual answers. prophase I 4. metaphase I 5. anaphase I 6. telophase I 7. prophase II 8. metaphase II 9. anaphase II 10. telophase II 11. anaphase I should be circled; anaphase II should be boxed. 12. Sperm cell :DNA; Egg: DNA, organelles, molecular building blocks 13. female 14. Refer to Figure 2.4 for visual answers. 15. birth or formation 16. meiosis; broken down

SECTION 3. MENDEL AND HEREDITY 1. inheritance 2. Mendel 3. traits 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. quickly; mate 8. dominant; both dominant and recessive phenotypes. 9. genes 10. i, two copies; ii, one copy 11. genes 12. genetics

SECTION 4. TRAITS, GENES, AND ALLELES

1. gene; protein 2. gene; locus 3. homozygous; heterozygous 4. genes; alleles 5. Images should be similar to the Visual

Vocab on the first page of Section 4. Students will label Gene A, Gene A, Gene B, and Gene b. 6. Genotype: b and c; Phenotype: a and d 7. dominant; recessive 8. environment 9. TT 10. recessive 11. dominant 12. Tt 13. dominant 14. allele 15. heterozygous; recessive

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Study Guide A

Meiosis and Mendel

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Study Guide A continued

SECTION 5. TRAITS AND PROBABILITY

1. The "A a" pairs located above the grid and to the left of the grid should be circled.

2. AA, Aa, and aa 3. meiosis; homologous 4. genotype; phenotype 5. 1:2:1 6. 3:1 7. c 8. AB; Ab 9. 9:3:3:1 10. average; exact 11. multiply 12. recessive; unknown 13. allele pairs

SECTION 6. MEIOSIS AND GENETIC VARIATION

1. meiosis; random 2. new combinations of alleles 3. advantage; increases 4. duplicated 5. Refer to Figure 6.2 for visual answers. 6. Box 1: Each cell should contain one large

duplicated chromosome and one small duplicated chromosome. One sister chromatid on each chromosome should appear to have undergone crossing over. Box 2: Each cell should contain one large chromosome and one small chromosome. The exact combination of chromosomes will depend on how the students divided the chromosomes. 7. Yes; a 8. Yes; c 9. No; b 10. crossing over 11. genetic linkage

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Study Guide A

Meiosis and Mendel

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis

Study Guide A

KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

VOCABULARY

somatic cell

autosome

gamete

sex chromosome

homologous chromosome sexual reproduction

fertilization diploid haploid meiosis

MAIN IDEA: You have body cells and gametes.

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. The two major groups of cell types in the human body are called ______________ and ______________.

2. The gametes are located in the _____________ organs. 3. The number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell is _______.

MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes.

Fill in the Concept Map below to summarize what you know about chromosomes.

46 chromosomes in half

4.

human body cells

come

include

from

include

5.

sex chromosomes

6.

include

include

7.

8.

consist of 22 homologous pairs

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Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A

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Meiosis and Mendel

Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Study Guide A continued

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.

9. A person with two X chromosomes is female / male. 10. The X / Y chromosome carries the fewest number of genes.

MAIN IDEA: Body cells are diploid; gametes are haploid.

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

11. During fertilization, the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse / separate. 12. Germ / Somatic cells are haploid. 13. The haploid / diploid chromosome number in humans is 23. 14. Each human gamete has one autosome / sex chromosome.

Read the descriptions in the table below and then decide which column should be labeled Mitosis and which column should be labeled Meiosis.

15.

16.

Makes diploid cells.

Makes haploid cells.

Makes genetically identical cells.

Makes genetically unique cells.

Happens throughout an organism's life. Happens at specific times in an organism's life.

Involved in asexual reproduction.

Involved in sexual reproduction.

Vocabulary Check

17. Circle all of the following statements that are true for homologous chromosomes. a. One is from the mother and one is from the father. b. They are a pair of chromosomes. c. They are fertilized gametes. d. They have the same genes, but they differ in length and appearance. e. They have the same genes, length, and overall appearance.

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Meiosis and Mendel

Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 2: Process of Meiosis

Study Guide A

KEY CONCEPT During meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions that result in haploid cells.

VOCABULARY gametogenesis sperm

egg polar body

MAIN IDEA: Cells go through two rounds of division in meiosis.

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.

1. After a chromosome is replicated, each half is called a sister chromatid / polar body.

2. Two chromosomes that are very similar and carry the same genes are called somatic / homologous chromosomes.

In the space below, sketch the phases of meiosis I and II and write the name of each phase below it. Use Figure 2.3 to help you.

Meiosis I

3.

4.

5.

6.

Meiosis II

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Study Guide A

Meiosis and Mendel Section 2: Process of Meiosis

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