Genetics: Study Guide - BIOLOGY 2018-2019

Genetics: Study Guide

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Genetics: Study Guide

Define the following terms in your own words

Name: _____________________

1. Heredity- ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Nucleus- ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. DNA-___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Genes- __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Alleles- _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Meiosis- ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Mitosis- _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Dominant- _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Recessive- _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 10. Genotype- _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. Phenotype- ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Heterozygous/Hybrid- _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 13. Homozygous/Purebred- ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Genetic Engineering- ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 15. Selective Breeding- ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 16. Gene Therapy- ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 17. Hybridization- ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 18. Cloning- ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 19. Inbreeding- ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Pedigree- ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 21. Codominance- ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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22. Incomplete Dominance- ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 23. Multiple Alleles- __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 24. Polygenic Inheritance- ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 25. Gene Splicing- _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 26. Human Genome Project- ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

27. For each genotype indicate whether it is heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho) a. Aa _____ b. BB_____ c. cc_____ d. DD_____ e. ee_____ f. Ff _____ g. GG _____ h. hh _____ i. Ii _____ j. Jj _____

28. For each genotype below determine the phenotypes If tongue rolling is dominant to not rolling your tongue TT ______________ Tt______________ tt ______________

29. For each phenotype, list the genotypes If straight horns is dominant to curled horns __________ Straight __________ Straight __________ Curly

30. The Jolly Green Giant is heterozygous for his Green Bean Feet. His wife is recessive for her Yellow Bean Feet. Complete a punnett square showing the cross and possibilities of their offspring.

a. What are the offspring genotypes? ________________________________________________ b. What are the offspring phenotypes? ________________________________________________ c. % offspring green feet _______ d. % offspring yellow feet ________ e. Ratio of green : yellow ________ f. % offspring hybrids _______ g. % offspring purebred _______

31. How is it possible for the offspring to show a trait that neither of the parents show physically?____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

32. What is the new strand of DNA if the original strand is below? ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ T A C G T CA G T

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Genetics:

Name: _____________________

Study Guide

33. What would a strand of mRNA be if the original strand of DNA is below?

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

T A C GT C A GC

34. What would the matching tRNA be if the original strand of mRNA is below? ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ C G A GU A G UA

35. What sex chromosomes are found in a female? ______ male? ______

36. a. Who decides the gender of offspring during a mating? Why?____________________ ________________________________________________________________________

b. What % chance is there for having a boy?______ girl? ______

37. How many chromosomes do humans have?___________________

38. a. What is an example of a body cell? ___________ sex cell? ___________ b. If a haploid cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found in the diploid cells?__________________________ c. If a body cell had 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found in the sex cells? ____________________________

39. a. What letters represent the four nitrogen bases in DNA?________ b. How are those bases paired up?__________________________ c. Using Chargraff's rules, if there is 42% of Thymine in DNA, what percent of Adenine would there be? ___________ Cytosine? _______________

40. What is the difference between Codominance and Incomplete Dominance? ____________ _____________________________________________________________________________

41. How is cloning like asexual reproduction? _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

42. What are some ways hybrid animals/plants can be helpful to mankind? _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

43. What are some ways cloning might be beneficial to society? ________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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44. How might cloning be harmful? _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

45. How might genetic engineering be considered controversial or unethical? _____________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

46. The dominant trait for PTC tasting is being a taster while being a non-taster is recessive. Which trait will most often occur within a population? Explain. __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

47. Use the pedigree below to answer questions a-j

I Freckles

II

Freckles

No Freckles III

a. What does a pedigree help us do?____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

b. What shape stands for male? _________________ female? _____________________ c. What does a shaded shape mean? __________________________________________ d. What does a blank/empty shape mean? _____________________________________ e. What does a half shaded shape mean? ______________________________________ f. In what generation is there an individual that is homozygous for freckles? ___________ g. How many girls have freckles in the third generation? ___________________________ h. How many individuals in the pedigree have freckles? ____________________________ i. How many individuals are heterozygous for freckles? ____________________________ j. How many individuals are homozygous recessive for freckles? ____________________

48. Explain how Franklin, Watson, Crick, and Chargraff contributed to what we know about DNA today. ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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