PDF Migration and Economy (refrence Nepal) - Staff college

Migration and Economy (Nepal)

Padma Mathema Visiting Fellow- NASC Consultation workshop on Foreign Employment Policy Management Shravan 15-16 , 2070

Nepal Administrative Staff college, NASC in collaboration with Ministry of Labour and Foreign employment and Safer Migration Programme SaMI, Helvitas Nepal

Emergence of labor migration

? Globalization of economy and labour market ? Growth at global, regional and national level ? Concern of 21st century development agenda ? Interdependent variables ? Effected by push and pull factor ? Prompts employment generation, remittance and

skill transfer ? Resource to origin country, labour to destination ? Bottom up development

Theoretical perspective on migration and development

? Theories on migration tend to swing back and forth like pendulum in development

? Optimism, pessimism, optimism again ? Emerged as new sector in the process of social and

economic change and development

(James Martin Working Paper, Center on Migration, Citizenship and Development 2007 )

Period

until 1973 1973-1990

1990-2001

Research community

Development and migration optimism

Policy field

Developmentalist optimism; capital and knowledge transfers by migrants would help developing countries in development take-off.

Development and migration pessimism (dependency, brain drain)

Growing skepticism; concerns on brain drain; after experiments with return migration policies focused on integration in receiving countries. Migration largely out of sight in development field.

Readjustment to more subtle Persistent skepticism; tightening of immigration

views under influence of

policies.

increasing empirical work

(NELM, livelihood

approaches, transnationalism)

> 2001

Boom in Remittance: mixed but generally positive views.

Resurgence of migration and development optimism under influence of remittance boom, and a sudden turnaround of views: brain gain, Diaspora involvement.

General Theory: Neo Classical perspective

? Inseparable part of development ? Movement from low-to high income ? Densely populated (supply of labour) to sparsely

populated (demand for labour) ? Governed by factor price equalization ? Fully informed and skilled labour force ? Governed by push and pull factor

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