Exploring the American Dream: Romanticism



Harsh Realities of the American Dream: Realism

Read page 482, and then complete the following activity (10 points):

Passage 1:

Soap and education are not as sudden as a massacre, but they are more deadly in the long run.

--The Facts Concerning the Recent Resignation

Passage 2:

Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do…Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.

--The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Passage 3:

Hain’t we got all the fools in town on our side? And ain’t that a big enough majority in every town?

--The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn

Passage 4:

War talk by men who have been in a war is always interesting; whereas moon talk by a poet who has not been in the moon is likely to be dull.

--Life on the Mississippi

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Use the lines as a guide for how long your response should be. If you need more space, that is fine—but your response should fill the space above.

“The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”

(10 points) Round 1:

(3 points) HINT: The __________________ writes to his friend in order to describe meeting _________________________ who told him a story about _________________________.

(5 points) Round 2:

Answer to EQ:

2 claims we want to make:

1.

2.

Thesis: ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

(10 points) Round 3:

|1st Claim about the story |Evidence to support the claim |Explanation of example |

| |Examples, quotes, textual references | |

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|2nd Claim about the story |Evidence to support the claim |Explanation of example |

| |Examples, quotes, textual references | |

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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Chapters 1-3 (I-III) (not graded but HIGHLY recommended)

Chapter 1 (I) Discover Moses and the Bulrushers

1. How much did Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn get apiece from the gold the robbers left in the cave?

2. What doesn’t Huck like about the Widow Douglas?

3. In Chapter 1 Huck says that the Widow Douglas took him in and tried to “sivilize” him. What did he do when he “couldn’t stand it no longer”?

4. Why did Huck not put much stock in Bible stories like the ones about Moses?

5. Who came to live with Widow Douglas and kept nagging Huck about spelling and manners?

6. Give an example involving spiders that shows that Huck is superstitious.

Chapter 2 (II) Our Gang’s Dark Oath

1. In Chapter 2 Huck sneaks out one night with Tom Sawyer after Jim falls asleep. What trick does Tom play on Jim?

2. After Tom and Huck pick up a group of boys, where does Tom finally take them?

3. Where had Tom gotten his ides for organizing his gang?

4. Who does Huck offer to be killed if he tells the gang’s secret since he has no family?

Chapter 3 (III) We Ambuscade the A-rabs

1. Whose idea of Providence does Huck prefer and why?

2. In Chapter 3 a drowned man is found in the river. Who is this corpse thought to be?

3. When Tom’s gang begins its attack on the “Spanish merchants and rich A-rabs” in Chapter 3, what do they find instead of a wealthy caravan?

4. What happens to the gang of robbers? Why does the gang break up?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Viewing Guide Chapters 4-7 (IV- VII) 17 min

Chapter 4 (IV) The Hair-Ball Oracle: After 3-4 months, Huck is getting used to “sivilized” life. But one day he sees his father’s distinctive footprint and, knowing his father will want his money, runs to Judge Thatcher and gives it away.

1. What does the music in the opening suggest about the story?

2. Whose tracks does Huck recognize?

3. What does Jim tell fortunes for?

4. State 2 things Jim reads about Huck’s future in the magic hair-ball?

5. How does Huck Finn try to get himself out of trouble with Widow Douglas and Miss Watson?

6. What happens when Huck gets back from playing with his friends?

Chapter 5 (V) Pap Starts in on a New Life: That night Pap shows up and demands money to get drunk, and the next day, despite efforts by the Widow and Judge Thatcher, his father is given custody of Huck by a new judge. The new judge tries to reform Huck’s Pap and gives him a room in his house. But Huck’s Pap gets drunk again, wrecks the room, and breaks his arm.

1. What did Pap think of education?

2. What does Judge Thatcher tell Pap about the money that Huck has inherited?

Chapter 6 (VI) Pap Struggles with the Death Angel: After Huck’s father mends, he takes Huck to the Illinois side of the river, where they live in a shack. Huck likes the primitive life, but his father gets drunk regularly and beats him, and so Huck resolves to run away. Whenever Pap is drunk, he always complains about the government and education, and always with racial undertones. He gets angry about a black man attending school in the north. In 1885, Twain wrote a letter to the Dean of Yale Law School explaining why he wanted to pay the expenses of Warner McGuinn, one of the first black law students at Yale. He wrote, “We have ground the manhood out of them and the shame is ours, not theirs, we should pay for it.” This is further proof the Twain being a human rights activist! In this novel, Pap is a symbol of evil and corruption, and his rants prove that his own beliefs are born out of ignorance and stupidity, the opposite of what Twain stood for.

1. What does Pap call Huck when he attacks him in the cabin?

2. What about this relationship with Pap is unpleasant?

3. Why does Huck’s father try to kill him one night after coming back from town?

Chapter 7 (VII) I fool Pap and Get Away: Huck finds a drift-canoe which he hides and when his Pap is away selling drift logs, Huck saws his way out of the cabin and make sit appear that he has been murdered. He kills a wild pig and spreads its blood on the cabin floor, breaks down the door with an axe, and drags a sack of rocks to the river, so that people will think he has been killed and his body thrown in the river. Then he leaves a trail of cornmeal to a lake, so that people will assume that the killers went that way. Finally, his canoe loaded with provisions, he goes to Jackson Island in the middle of the Mississippi River.

1. What is the purpose of killing the pig?

2. Where is Huck headed when he escapes? Why?

Literary Focus of chapters 4-7: Huck demonstrates his native intelligence by going to Judge Thatcher to get rid of his money before his father can get to it, and he demonstrates his superstition by getting Jim to tell his fortune. Huck’s sojourn in civilization has made him forget some of the folk knowledge ha had previously possessed (such as the fact that a potato will shine up a counterfeit coin). Jim is a repository of such knowledge, although he is unschooled in the ordinary sense. Twain satirizes the “do-gooders” in the description of Pap’s “Reform,” when the judge finally realizes that “A body could reform the ole man with a shot-gun maybe, but he didn’t know no other way.” Huck prefers life with his father in Illinois o “sivilized” life, but he is a virtual slave. In his ideal life he would be free of both the widow and his father that is, free of both civilization and meanness. Note that when Huck plans his “death” he thinks of Tom Sawyer, who is his idol in matters of elaborate plans.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 8-11(VIII-XI)

Chapter 8 (VII) I Spare Miss Watson’s Jim

1. Why does the ferryboat fire its cannon out over the water?

2. Why are the loaves of bread floated out over the water?

3. Why does Huck scare Jim?

4. Why did Jim run away?

5. What does Huck promise Jim?

6. What are 5 superstitions mentioned in this chapter?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

7. What does Jim say about good luck signs?

Chapter 9 (IX) The House of Death Floats By

1. What do Huck and Jim find floating down the flooded river?

2. What does Jim prevent Huck from seeing?

3. What are some of the provisions they find?

4. Why does Jim lie down in the canoe?

Chapter 10 (X) What Comes of Handlin’ Snake-skin

1. What does the title of the chapter indicate to you?

2. What practical joke does Huck play on Jim?

3. What happens to Jim?

4. How much as a slave is Jim worth?

5. What is “one of the carlessest and foolishest things a body can do”?

6. Why does Huck go into town?

7. How does he disguise himself?

Chapter 11(XI) They’re After Us!

1. What name does Huck use?

2. According to Mrs. Loftus, who did the townspeople at first think had killed Huck?

3. Who did most people later come to believe was the murderer?

4. Where has the woman’s husband gone?

5. The woman soon sees through Huck’s disguise. List three actions which give Huck away.

6. What is Huck’s final story he tells her?

7. Why does Huck leave town so quickly?

8. What does Huck do when he returns to the island to trick anyone looking for them?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 12-14 (XII-XIV)

Chapter 12 (XII) Better Let Blame Well Alone

1. What does Jim build on the raft and why?

2. Explain “borrowing” versus “stealing”

3. A few nights after passing St. Louis, what doe Jim and Huck happen upon?

4. Who does Huck wish were there and why?

5. Who is Jim Turner?

6. Why does Jake seem not to want to kill Jim Turner?

7. What happens to the raft?

Chapter 13 (XIII) Honest Loot from the Walter Scott

1. Jim and Huck try to steal the robber’s skiff when two of the robbers appear, about to leave the steamboat. Why do the robbers postpone their action?

2. Why does Huck make up the story about mam and pap and sis and Miss Hooker, which he tells the ferryboat man?

3. Why does the ferryboat man decide to help?

4. Why does Huck want the robbers rescued?

Chapter 14 (XIV) Was Solomon Wise?

1. Where does Huck get his information about dukes and kings?

2. Which King did Jim vehemently dislike?

3. Why can’t Jim accept that Frenchmen don’t talk the same way he does?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 15-16 (XV-XVI)

Chapter 15 (XV) Fooling Poor Old Jim: Huck and Jim hope to reach Cairo, Illinois, where the Ohio River joins the Mississippi, in three more nights of floating. Their plan is to book passage up the Ohio to the North and freedom. One night, though, in a dense fog, Huck in the canoe gets separated from Jim on the raft. They sail down different sides of an island, and after some time Huck rediscovers the raft. Jim is asleep, and Huck plays a trick on him by pretending that Jim dreamed the entire experience. Jim is hurt by Huck’s prank and gets made at him. This makes Huck feel so bad that he apologizes.

1. What town in Illinois are Huck and Jim trying to reach?

2. What is Jim doing when Huck rejoins him after they are lost in the fog?

3. What mean trick does Huck play on Jim?

4. After he realizes that Huck is fooling him, what does Jim say about “trash”?

5. What does Huck then do?

Chapter 16(XVI) The Rattlesnake Skin does Its Work: As they approach what they think is Cairo, Jim starts talking more and more about freedom, and this bothers Huck’s conscience. Finally, Huck decides to turn Jim in, and he takes the canoe to go to the nearest town. When he meets some men in a boat who are looking for some other runaway slaves, though, Huck is unable to betray his friend, and so he leads the men to believe that he has family infected with small pox on the raft. The men leave money and get away quickly. Shortly after this, Huck and Jim begin to think that they passed Cairo in the fog, and when they look at the river water, which is now a mixture of clear Ohio water and muddy Mississippi water, they are certain of it. During the day, the lose the canoe and that night a steamboat wrecks the raft. Unable to find Jim, Huck swims ashore and makes his way to an “old-fashioned double log house.”

1. What thought troubled Huck so much that he couldn’t rest and made him wish he was dead?

2. What does Jim plan to do with all the money he saves?

3. Why is Huck opposed to Jim’s desire to have an abolitionist steal his children out of slavery?

4. Huck runs into two men on a skiff with guns. For whom are they looking?

5. How does Huck convince these men not to search his raft?

6. What doe Jim and Huck believe caused their bad luck?

7. What happens to separate Jim and Huck again?

Literary Focus of chapters 15-16: Huck’s prank is another example of Tom Sawyer-like games causing real trouble. Here the trouble is Jim’s hurt feelings, but Huck’s strong feelings of Jim overcome his reluctance to “humble [himself] to a n—“ The struggle between Huck’s conscience and his heart intensifies in Chapter 16 when he almost turns Jim in. note that his final decision not to turn Jim in is an emotional one, and is perceived by Huck as weakness: “I warn’t man enough.” He decides that he is incapable of acting properly and feels guilty about his inability.

**Special note** After finishing chapter 16, Twain put the manuscript aside for two years. With Huck and Jim past Cairo, their progress toward freedom was halted. Now, any further movement downriver would only lead them deeper and deeper into slave territory. This problem, along with the destruction of their raft, seemed insoluble to Twain.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 17-18 (XVII-XVIII)

Chapter 17 (VXII) The Grangerfords Take Me In

1. What do the Grangerfords first think of Huck?

2. What is Huck’s new name?

3. How does he say he has arrived at their home?

4. What I the name of the son who is Huck’s age?

5. What problem does Huck have when he wakes up in the morning?

6. What kind of people are the Grangerfords since they are not feuding hillbillies?

7. List three things the dead girl kept in her scrapbook.

a.

b.

c.

Chapter 18 (VXIII) Why Harney Rode Away for His Hat

1. Describe Colonel Grangerford

2. What reason does Buck give Huck for wanting to kill Harney Shepherdson?

3. How is Huck reunited with Jim?

4. Why did Jack not tell Huck that Jim was there?

5. What has Miss Sophia done that her family thinks is awful?

6. What happens to Buck?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 19-23 (XIX-XXIII)

Chapter 19 (XIX) The Duke and The Dauphin Come Aboard

1. How do Huck and Jim arrange their traveling during the days and nights?

2. Describe the two men Huck sees running.

3. Why are the two men being run out of town?

4. Who do the two men claim to be?

5. How doe these two bums want to be treated?

6. Huck isn’t fooled by the claims of these two men, so why does he treat them as though he believes their story?

7. Does Jim believe who these two men claim to be?

Chapter 20 (XX) What Royalty did to Parkville

1. How does Huck convince the men that Jim is not a runaway slave?

2. After discussing various money making “campaigns”, what do the king and the duke decide?

3. Explain how the king makes money at the revival meeting

4. How does the duke arrange things so that they can travel in the daytime?

Chapter 21 (XXI) An Arkansaw Difficulty: The duke and the king rehearse their show, and when they reach a town in Arkansas where a circus is to be performed, they land and put out posters. Around noon, a drunk named Boggs appears, threatening to kill everyone he sees. The townspeople know he is harmless, but when he threatens Colonel Sherburn, Sherburn promises to kill Boggs if he isn’t gone by one o’clock. Sherburn then keeps his promise, killing him in cold blood. The townspeople lay Boggs out and decide that Sherburn should be lynched.

1. What do the king and the duke plan to do to get the money?

2. What event was being held in town already?

3. Who comes to town to kill Colonel Sherburn?

4. For whom do the townspeople send?

5. What happens to Boggs

Chapter 22 (XXII) Why the Lynching Bee Failed

1. Who goes to Colonel Sherburn’s house and why?

2. Explain how Sherburn avoids being hanged.

3. Where does Huck go next?

4. Explain why the king and the duke write “Ladies and Children Not Admitted” on their poster.

Chapter 23 (XXIII) The Orneriness of Kings

1. The king and the duke perform the “Royal Nonesuch” for three nights. What does the crowd bring on the third evening?

2. Why did Jim slap his daughter?

3. What does he realize afterwards regarding Elizabeth?

Literary Focus of chapters 21-23: The Shakespearean parody is composed mostly of garbled phrases from Hamlet and Macbeth. The Arkansas Town portrayed in this episode is seen with a dark satiric eye. The comic satire of lazy men borrowing chewing tobacco from each other quickly becomes a picture of layabouts burning dogs for fun. This leads to perhaps the darkest scene in the novel, the shooting of Boggs and Sherburn’s speech to the mob. Sherburn’s speech is a violent criticism of the myth of Southern bravery, just as the Grangerford episode is a criticism of the myth of Southern honor. Almost no one comes out of the scene looking good. Sherburn is a cold-hearted monster, and the townspeople are coward sand hypocrites, pushing for a look at Bogg’s corpse and enjoying the reenactment of the murder before setting off for Sherburn. Only Bogg’s daughter, a gentle victim who foreshadows Mary Jane Wilks, is free of Twain’s scorn.

We are reminded of Huck being a boy by his enjoyment of the circus and literal-mindedness. The circus, which is wholesome entertainment, is contrasted to “Royal Nonesuch” (the duke and king’s hoax performance).

Jim’s pathetic tale of hitting Elizabeth, not knowing she was deaf, further helps to humanize him to Huck and makes Huck realize that blacks care as much for their families as whites do. By including this in the novel, Twain has become a radical, proposing ideas that had not been considered before, especially in the deep south. This is another example of Twain supporting the idea that “all men are created equal,” regardless of ethnicity.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 24(XXIV)- 26(XXVI)

Chapter 24 (XXIV)- The King Turns Parson

1. Why does the duke dress Jim as a sick Arab?

2. Why do the king and the duke pretend to be the Wilks brothers from England?

3. How do the king and the duke get information about Uncle Peter Wilks?

4. Who will the duke pretend to be?

Chapter 25 (XXV)- All Full of Tears and Flapdoodle

1. Who are the three WIlks sisters? (list names and ages

2. What is the inheritance that they receive?

3. Who receives the rest?

4. Why do the king and the duke add their own money to the money hidden in the cellar?

5. What do they do with the money in the cellar?

6. What does Mary Jane do when the doctor asks her to “turn this pitiful rascal out”?

Chapter 26(XXVI)- I Steal the King’s Plunder: Huck, who is pretending to be the king’s British servant, is tripped up by questions one of the girls asks him about life in England, but the other two insist that he be treated kindly, and he determines to get their money back for them. He sneaks into the duke’s room and, hidden, watches the king and duke hide the money in a straw mattress. When they leave, he takes the gold and hides it in his own room. Dr. Robinson, sees through the ruse and Joanna, who suffers from a birth defect which deforms her faces, is also very suspicious. Mary Jane tells her “uncles” to sell the property because she won’t need it. After all, her “uncles” have offered to take all three of the girls back to England with him.

1. What makes Huck want to help the three sisters?

2. Why won’t Mary Jane need the property?

3. Where did the king and duke hide the money?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 27(XXVII)-29 (XXIX)

Chapter 27 (XXVII)- Dead Peter has his Gold

1. Where does Huck hide the money?

2. Why does he hide it there?

3. What upsets the girls in the settling of the estate?

4. When he is blamed, who does Huck say has stolen the money?

5. Why does he blame this person (the answer to number four)?

Chapter 28(XXVIII)- Overreaching Don’t Pay:

1. Why does Huck reveal the plot to Mary Jane?

2. After telling her the truth, what does Huck tell her to do?

3. At the end of Chapter 28, during the king’s auction, a steamboat lands. A crowd soon appears; what are the “singing out” ?

Chapter 29 (XXIX)- I Light Out in the Storm

1. Who arrives at the beginning of the chapter?

2. How do the king and duke behave toward these newcomers?

3. What had delayed them from arriving earlier?

4. What is Levi Bell’s plan for deciding who the real Harvey and William WIlks are?

5. Why does it become necessary to exhume the body of Peter WIlks?

6. Why is Huck able to escape?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 30(XXX)-32 (XXXII)

Chapter 30(XXX)-The Gold Saves the Thieves: on the raft, the duke and king argue over who hid the money in the coffin. They finally fight over it, and the king, being throttled by the duke, admits that he did it. The audience, however, knows who really put the gold in the coffin.

1. Whom does the king blame for putting the gold in the coffin?

2. Whom does the duke blame for putting the gold in the coffin?

3. Who then confesses to putting the gold in the coffin?

4. Why does he confess when he really didn’t do it?

Chapter 31 (XXXI)- You Can’t Pray a Lie

***CRUCIAL CHAPTER WITH THE CLIMAX!!!***

1. List 3 schemes the king and the duke try in various villages in order to swindle more people out of money.

a.

b.

c.

2. After Huck returns to the raft after going in to town, why does he sit down and cry?

3. Where is Jim?

4. Who sold Jim?

5. For how much money was he sold?

6. Explain why Huck couldn’t pray.

7. What does Huck decide to do?

8. Later, why does he say, “All right then, I’ll go to hell”?

9. Where does Huck then go?

10. What does he do with the canoe?

11. Whom does Huck run into?

12. What lie does this person tell Huck about Jim’s whereabouts?

*****What is the climax of the story? (5 points)

Chapter 32 (XXXII)- I Have a New Name: A the Phelps farm, Huck is mistaken for someone the Phelpses are expecting, and he finally discovers that it is Tom Sawyer, their nephew. Feeling “born again” by this information, Huck plans to waylay Tom on his way from the steamboat so his identity can remain safe.

1. Where does Huck go and what is his plan?

2. For whom is he mistaken?

3. Why does Huck need to get away and retrieve his luggage?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 33(XXXIII)- 35(XXXV)

Chapter 33(XXXIII)- The Pitiful Ending of Royalty: Huck succeeds in heading off Tom before he reaches the house and explains the situation. To his surprise, Tom agrees to help steal Jim and works out a plan to account for the two of them being there. Tom sends Huck on ahead to the farm and appears there himself shortly thereafter, pretending to be his brother Sid. Huck finds out at dinner that evening that Jim has revealed the duke and the king’s congame, and after dinner he and Tom sneak out to try to warn them. But it is too late, and Huck sees, to his disgust, the two being ridden out of town on a rail, tarred and feathered.

1. Why would Tom be so surprised to see Huck (remember what happens with Huck earlier in the novel)?

2. What does Tom agree to after Huck tells him about Jim?

3. Why would Huck be so surprised about Tom’s agreement (remember our notes about Tom and what he represents)?

4. When Tom arrives at Aunt Sally’s, at first who does he say he is?

5. Who does Tom then pretend to be?

6. Why won’t Uncle Silas let the boys go to the show that evening?

7. What is Huck planning to do regarding the king and the duke?

8. What happens to the king and the duke?

Chapter 34(XXXIV)- We Cheer Up Jim

1. Who finds out where Jim is?

2. What two clues does he (the answer to #1) recognize?

3. What does Tom think is wrong with Huck’s plan for helping Jim escape?

4. List 4 of the difficulties that Tom invents in Chapters 34-35 when he devises a plan to free Jim.

5. How do Jim, Huck, and Tom convince the slave feeding Jim that Jim really never “sung out”?

Chapter 35(XXXV)- Deep, Deep-Laid Plans

1. According to Tom, what does one receive if he helps a prisoner escape under dangerous circumstances?

2. How is one supposed to get rid of the sawdust after sawing through the leg of the bed, according to Tom?

3. What material does Tom insist Jim’s ladder is made from?

4. Why does Tom say Jim needs a shirt?

5. What is Jim to use for ink?

6. When, according to Tom, is it okay to steal?

7. What “tool” does Tom suggest they use to dig Jim out?

8. Define “letting on.”

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 36(XXXVI)-39(XXXVIX)

Chapter 36(XXXVI)- Trying to Help Jim: the boys begin digging Jim out through a lean-to next to the hut. They make too little progress with case knives, so they switch to picks and shovels, “letting on” that they are case knives. Tom steals a spoon and a candle stick from the house to turn into pens, and he decides that they will smuggle these and other things into Jim by putting them in food and in Aunt Sally’s and Uncle Silas’s pockets.

1. Why do Huck and Tom give up their knives for picks?

Chapter 37 (XXXVII)- Jim Gets His Witch Pie: Aunt Sally begins to notice that things are missing and gets increasingly confused and angry. She becomes convinced that the calf stole the shirt from the line and that rats ate the missing candles. Tom and Huck so confuse her over the counting of the spoons and sheets that she finally gives up thinking abou thtem. The boys bake the sheets in a pie and sneak it into Jim.

1. Who does Aunt Sally become convinced stole Uncle Silas’s shirt?

2. Who does she believe stole her candles?

3. What did the boys cook inside the witch’s pie?

Chapter 38 (XXXVIII)- Here a Captive Hear Busted:

1. What do Huck and Jim make out of the spoon and candle stick?

2. Translate the motto on Jim’s coat of arms.

3. Who helps Tom and Huck move the grindstone?

4. What does Tom want Jim to do to the rattlesnake?

5. What is the compromise to Jim’s keeping a rattlesnake?

6. According to Tom, how will Jim tame the rats?

7. With what does Tom tell Jim to water his plant?

8. At the end of Chapter 38, Jim apologizes to Tom. Why?

Chapter 39(XXXIX)- Tom Writes Nonnamous Letters

1. What do Tom and Huck put under Aunt Sally’s bed?

2. What does Thomas do?

3. List three other insects/animals that Huck and Tom get.

a.

b.

c.

4. Why does Jim find it difficult to sleep at night?

5. How many weeks has it taken to arrange Jim’s escape?

6. Why are the boys now running out of time?

7. How does Huck disguise himself?

8. Why does he dress this way?

9. Who will Tom dress as?

10. According to the letter, how will the Phelps be able to catch the gang of cutthroats who are going to steal Jim?

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Reading Guide Chapters 40 (XL)- 43 (XLIII)

Chapter 40(XL)- a Mixed Up and Splendid Rescue

1. What does Aunt Sally catch Huck doing?

2. When he is sent to the sitting room, what info does he learn that makes him so nervous and scared?

3. Why does Aunt Sally think Huck has “brain-fever”?

4. What happens to Tom as the three of them make their escape?

5. What does Jim want Huck to do which makes Huck realize that Jim “was white inside”?

Chapter 41(XLI)- “Must “a” been Sperits: Huck leaves Jim and Tom, who has been shot, on the island with the raft so he can find a doctor. He tells the doctor that Tom had a dream and the dream “shot him”. The canoe is only able to hold one person, so Huck tells the doctor where to find Tom. After Huck, exhausted from running all night, falls asleep in the lumber pile, he awakes only to run into Silas who takes him home because Aunt Sally has been beside herself with worry. Before heading home, however, they make a quick stop at the post office to look for “Sid” (aka Tom) who supposedly trying to find out what is going on there (but the reader knows that Tom is really shot, so this is just another of Huck’s stories). When they arrive at Aunt Sally’s, many farmers and their families are there discussing the shed and the hole and all the craziness they found there. They decide that a band of intelligent robbers must have tricked everyone including the authors of the raid letter. Sally refuses to let Huck out to find Tom (who she still thinks is Sid), since she is so sad (she even cries!) to have lost Sid and does not want to risk another boy. Huck, touched by her concern, vows never to hurt her again.

1. What story does Huck make up to tell the doctor?

2. Huck goes to sleep in a lumber pile. When he awakens, whom does he see?

3. Why do they go to the post office?

4. What do the farmers and their wives think has been causing all the mischief around the plantation?

5. Why does Aunt Sally cry?

Chapter 42 (XLII)- Why The Didn’t Hang Jim

1. Why don’t the men immediately hang Jim?

2. What do the do with Jim?

3. What does the doctor tell the man regarding Jim?

4. When Tom awakens, what info about Jim does he reveal to Aunt Sally?

5. Why did Tom want to set Jim free if he was already free?

6. Why does Aunt Polly arrive?

7. Why hadn’t Aunt Sally answered Aunt Polly’s letters?

Chapter the Last (43 (XLIII))- Nothing More to Write

1. What had Tom planned for Jim?

2. What does Tom do for Jim to make up for all the trouble of being a prisoner?

3. Why does Huck think he can’t go on adventures in the Indian Territory?

4. What does he learn from Tom?

5. What does he learn from Jim regarding Pap?

6. What is Tom’s souvenir from freeing Jim?

7. What are Huck’s plans for the future?

8. Why doesn’t he want Aunt Sally to adopt him?

Satire!

Remember, Satire is a kind of literature that tries to open people’s eyes to the need for change by exposing the flaws of a person or society. Satirists’ main weapon is humor, which is created through techniques such as IRONY.

Irony as you may recall is a contrast between what appears to be true and what IS true, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.

In the chart on the next page, write as many examples of Irony and Satire as you can think of In Huck Finn. YOU SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST ONE EXAMPLE FOR EACH. The first is done for you as an example (5 points each based on relevance and accuracy (2) specificity (2) and Explanation (1))

|Government Judicial system: |Pap is an example of satirizing the government judicial system because of his relationship to Judge Thatcher|

| |and his son. You expect a father to care about his son, but he scolds him about learning to read and |

| |“getting religion.” We may laugh at Pap, but we should also be aware of the messages: the new judge is too |

| |easily tricked by Pap’s “Reformation” and there is something wrong with a system that would let Pap take |

| |Huck. |

|Man’s Cruelty to Man | |

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|Religious Hypocrisy | |

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|Romanticism (look in your notes to recall what this | |

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|Superstition | |

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Below, draw a satirical cartoon that is based off one of your examples above. Make sure you are creative and colorful with your cartoon! (20 points; see rubric on my website)

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“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” and “Go Down, Moses” Spirituals

Reading Strategy: Listen

DIRECTIONS: Listen carefully to the sounds and rhythms of “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” and “Go Down, Moses” as the two spirituals are read aloud. Pay particular attention to the rhymes and the sounds or phrases that are repeated. Often rhythm and repetition suggest a certain mood or attitude and contribute to the intensity of feeling generated by the song and its message. Fill in the two charts below to help you focus on your listening skills and identify the message presented in each spiritual.

|“Go Down, Moses” (5 points) |

|Words that rhyme | |

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|Words or phrases that are repeated | |

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|Mood or attitude suggested by rhyme and repetition | |

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|Overall Message (after analysis) | |

The Message in Spirituals (8 points)

Some spirituals contained disguised messages concerning escape from slavery. Spirituals such as “Follow the Drinking Gourd,” for example, advised slaves to follow the north-pointing Big Dipper star constellation. Other verses were altered to give specific directions for slaves to locate Underground Railroad routes. “Go Down, Moses” also has a freedom-related message.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the series of questions below to help you decode the message of the spiritual “Go Down, Moses.”

1. What is a pharaoh, and what kind of power does a pharaoh have?

2. In a southern plantation, who might hold a position similar to that of a pharaoh?

3. What was the condition of the people of Israel when they were in Egypt?

4. How was the situation of the slaves in the American South similar to that of the people of Israel?

5. What demand did Moses make of the pharaoh?

6. What demand does “Go Down, Moses” convey, and to whom is the demand directed?

7. Does Jim make a similar demand? Explain your response.

8. Find an example in Huck Finn where Biblical allusion is used to convey a deeper message.

|“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” (5 points) |

|Words that rhyme | |

|Words or phrases that are repeated | |

|Mood or attitude suggested by rhyme and repetition | |

|Overall message of spiritual | |

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Most stories follow this pattern, which many of you have seen before:

Put the events (which are out of order) listed below in order on the chart provided for you on the back. REMEMBER we talked about the climax of the novel & and the denouement. The climax is the highest point in the novel.

Building a Raft for Huck Finn: quote Analysis & application; Directions: follow each direction carefully to be sure you complete each section of the assignment accurately.

1. (10 points) Read the following quotes carefully, underlining key words and phrases. In the space provided, state the context (what is going on in the story) of the quote and it meaning.

A. “There warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft” (chapter 18)

Context:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meaning:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. “Pap always said it warn’t no harm to borrow things if you was meaning to pay them back sometime; but the widow said it warn’t anything but a soft name for stealing, ad no decent body would do it. Jim said he reckoned the widow was partly right and pap was partly right; so the best way would be for us to pick out two or three things from the list and say we wouldn’t borrow them any more—“ (chapter 12)

Context:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meaning:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. “So there ain’t no doubt there is something in that thing—that is, theres’ something in it when a body like the widow or he parson prays, but it don’t work for me, and I reckon it don’t work for only just the right kind” (chapter 8)

Context:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meaning:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. “En all you wuz thinkin’ ‘bourt wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim and a lie. Dat truck dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren’s en makes ‘em feel ashamed” (chapter 15).

Context:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meaning:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

E. “If any real lynching’s going to be done it will be done in tehh dark, Southern fashion, and when they come they’ll bring their masks” (chapter 22)

Context:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meaning:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. (5 points) Choose one of the above quotes and write it on the “raft”. Glue the quote in the appropriate place on the map.

3. (5 points) Put the following events in order along the map’s route, arranging them around the popsicle stick raft. Notice that these events are obstacles that the raft cannot avoid.

(A) The Duke and the King come aboard (“By rights, I am a duke!”)

(B) Escaping Jackson’s Island (“They’re after us!”)

(C) Huck Fakes his own death (“I did wish Tom Sawyer was there”)

(D) Grangerfords vs. Shepherdsons (“It’s on account of the feud.”)

(E) The Royal Nonesuch is performed (“Ladies and Children Not Permitted”)

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#3: In 1885, Twain wrote in his notebook, “My works are like water. The works of great masters are like wine. But everyone drinks water.” Choose one of the following passages from Twain’s work, and show how that passage exemplifies the author’s philosophy of style. You response should show how the passage exemplifies the down-to-earth directness of Twain’s style—the way that his writing is, “like water,” meant for everybody.

Character:_____________________________________________________________________________

~A good

Listener.

Sets up the story and frames what is to come in the latter part of the story.

Character:_____________________________________________________

Tells the inner story to the first frame character

Character:________________________________

The inner most story; the meat of it.

Useful Vocabulary:

Hogshead: barrel gap: yawn hived: stole

ambuscade: ambush lath: thin wooden slats, to which plaster is usually attached

Useful Vocabulary:

Hiding: thrashing meddle: interfere skiff: a light rowboat Tow: a cheap rope Palaver: talk

Nabob: an important person (originally, governor of an Indian state

Trot line: a fishing line strong across a river with individual lines and hooks hanging down from it into the water

dandy: a man who is overly concerned about his dress

Useful Vocabulary:

Quicksilver: mercury abreast: side by side cooper: barrel maker

Camp meeting: outdoor religious revival truck: stuff things Reticule: a cloth purse

Useful Vocabulary:

Texas: a structure on a steamboat containing the officer’s cabin

Guys: support wire blubbering: crying careened: turned over on its side

Bitts: timbers used for securing lines on a boat spondulicks: (slang) dollars

Dauphin (dolphin): eldest son of a king of France.

Useful Vocabulary:

Tote: carry aggravate: irritate leeward (looard): the direction the wind blows

Sheering: swerving

*** 3 points ***Literary Analysis: The monstrous devilish steamboat destroys the peaceful and benevolent raft.

1. Who is on the raft?

2. Who is on the steamboat?

3. What could this represent in a lager sense (Symbolically speaking)?

Useful Vocabulary:

Wince: to shrink back or cringe impaired: harmed frivolousness: lack of seriousness

Pommel: the front of a saddle ransack: to search thoroughly

Sideboard: a piece of dining room furniture used for holding dishes and serving implements

Feud: a long-standing and deadly quarrel between groups

puncheon floor: a floor made of split logs

Useful Vocabulary:

Galluses: suspenders mesmerism: hypnotism haughty: proud

Jour printer: journeyman printer, between an apprentice and a master printer

Phrenology: the study of character as revealed by the shape of the head

Histrionic: related to acting ciphered out: figured out

Benefactors: people who confer benefits

Unities: the dramatic unities of time, place, and action, as propounded by Aristotle

Useful Vocabulary:

Beaver: a hat made of beaver skin tanner: a person who makes animal hides into leather

Slouch: a lazy person doxology: a hymn in praise of God

Passel: a group, a number of imposter: a person who pretends to be someone else

Cubby: cubbyhole, a small room pallet: a small, primitive bed, usually made of straw

Stretchers: lies, stretchings of the truth tick: mattress

Congress water: mineral water from Saratoga Springs

Useful Vocabulary:

Melodeon: a small organ sand: grit, courage candid: frank, honest

Confront: bring face to face disposition: inclination sluice: a flood of water

Lights: lungs harrow: a farm implement with long teeth for cultivating soil

Useful Vocabulary:

Cravats: neckties elocution: public speaking doggery: tavern

Tight: drunk venture: try bogus: false

Mortification: gangrene meek: humble waylay: to meet on the way

Useful Vocabulary:

Dainty: delicate petrified: stunned Languedoc: province in medieval France Navaree: province in Spain case-knives: ordinary kitchen knives

The Iron Mask: hero of Dumas’s novel The Man in the Iron Mask

Seneschal: a steward or bailiff in medieval times

Useful Vocabulary:

Counterpane: bedspread insurrection: rebellion addled: confused

Escutcheon: the shield on which a coat of arms is carved

Fess: a band drawn horizontally across the center of an escutcheon

Elecampane: an herb which reduces the pain of stings

Useful Vocabulary:

Fidget: to move restlessly rummage: to search carefully sultry: hot

Desperadoes: villains brash: impudent, pushy

When you finish the analysis questions, go back and finish the last row in the chart!

• Huck fakes his own death and runs away.

• Tom’s gang of robbers forms

• The king and the duke perform the “Royal Nonesuch”

• The king fools the churchgoers into giving him money because he says he is a pirate

• Tom is shot

• Jim and Huck find a dead man on the houseboat

• Widow Douglas tries to “sivilize” Huck.

• Pap kidnaps Huck

• Huck steals the inheritance money and hides it in the coffin

• Buck dies

• Huck goes to Mrs. Loftus’ house, dressed as a girl, to find out what is going on in town

• Tom tells everyone that Jim has been freed.

• The king and the duke arrive to travel with Jim and Huck

• Huck’s dad tries to get his money

• Jim’s hairball tells Huck’s future

• The king and the duke humiliate Jim by dressing him up as a “Crazy Arab” and painting him blue.

• Aunt Sally wants to “sivilize” Huck

• Jim and Huck flee Jackson Island

• Tom, Judge Thatcher and the rest of the town search for Huck’s body by firing cannon shots.

• Jim and Huck meet the gang of robbers on the Walter Scott

• Tom plays a trick on Jim and puts his hat on a tree

• Jim tells Huck that his pap was the dead man on the houseboat

• Huck decides to “light out for the territory.”

• Huck decides to “free Jim and go to Hell” rather than allow him to stay in the Phelps’ possession.

• Huck gives his $6000 to Judge Thatcher

• The king and the duke impersonate the Wilks brothers

• Tom and Huck try to free Jim

• Jim is sold to the Phelps

• Jim and Huck are separated in the fog

• Miss Sophia and Harney Shepherdson run away

• Pap almost kills Huck in a drunken rage

• Jim calls Huck “trash”

Denouement (the Ah-ha moment)

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