TEST CH 12 BODY DEFENSES



FINAL EXAM REVIEW Anatomy

1. Nearsightedness is more properly called_____________.

2. The ______________ contains receptors for hearing

3. _____________ tract damage would probably affect your ability to taste and smell.

4. The _________ is the portion of the eye concerned with image formation

5. The ________ is the vascular light-absorbing tunic part of the eye

6. The cortical region for hearing is the ______________ lobe.

7. The ____________ is the muscular structure that manipulates the lens

8. The _________ controls the amount of light entering the eye

9. Sensory impulses are transmitted over the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are involved in the sensation of ____________.

10. A Blood rich nutritive tunic that contains a dark pigment is the ____________.

11. Lack of one type of cone cell is called ______________.

12. Farsightedness is called ________________.

13. ______________ is a gradual clouding of the lens which happens with aging.

14. ____________ is and increased in the pressure of the eye that comes from a blockage of the canal that drains the eye.

15. The main function of the rod cell is vision is _________ light.

16. The externally visible fleshy part of the ear is the ______________

17. The region of the tongue with the greatest sensitivity to bitter tastes is the_______.

(know all the regions)

18. The optic nerve leaves and enters the eye at the ____________.

19. Pink eye is caused by a bacterial infection of the ______________.

20. The white of the eye is the ____________

21. Color receptors with in the retina are sensitive to what 3 wave length of visible light.

22. Greatest visual acuity is found at the __________________.

23. _______________ is normal vision

24. ______________ is another name for the eyelid

25. Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by substances in ______________.

26. The inflammatory response is considered the body’s ___________ line of defense.

27. The most numerous type of phagocyte is the_______________.

28. T cell mechanisms are classified as_____________ immunity.

29. The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is___________.

30. The antibody commonly found in tears and salvia is _________.

31. The antibody associated with allergic reaction is ___________.

32. The type of immunity produced by a vaccination would be active _________ immunity.

33. _________________ is considered a nonspecific body defenses

34. The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to local hyperemia caused by ______________.

35. The process whereby leukocytes pass through the wall of a capillary is called ___________.

36. Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the _________ are T cells.

37. __________ antibody class is passed to the baby.

38. ___________ immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called T and B cells.

39. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) invades and kills _________ cells first.

40. The T cell that turns off the immune response is called a ____________ T cell.

41. The T cell that directly attacks and lyses cellular pathogens is called a ___________ T cell.

42. ____________ is the element is required for the synthesis of thyroxin.

43. Over production of __________________leads to abnormally large stature, normal proportions

44. Over production of ____________ leads to tetany.

45. Individuals with ______________ diabetes mellitus may often control their disease by diet and exercise

46. Hypothyroidism in children may lead to ___________________.

47. _____________ is the only hormone produced in significant amounts by the pineal gland and has to do with day and night cycles.

48. _______________ acts antagonistically to insulin; it is produced by the same endocrine gland.

49. ______________ helps to protect the body during long-term stressful situations such as extended illness and surgery.

50. __________________ Cushion’s syndrome – moon face, depression of the immune system.

51. ______________Bulging eyeballs nervousness, increased pulse rate, weight loss, graves disease

52. _____________Demineralization of bones; spontaneous fractures

53. Abnormal production of __________ leads to tetanus.

54. Abnormal production of ____________ leads to goiter.

55. Normal development of the ____________ system is due in part to hormones produced by the thymus.

56. The major target of growth hormone are _________ and skeletal muscles.

57. ________________ is involved in water balance, and caused the kidneys to conserve water.

58. ______________Increases uterine contractions during birth

59. __________________ demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels.

60. If anterior pituitary secretion is deficient in a growing child the child will become a ___________ but have fairly normal body proportion.

61. Symptoms of _________________ mellitus include: poyphagia, polyuria, and hyperglycemia.

62. A high salt diet and exercise would _________________ blood pressure.

63. The arterial system that supplies the brain with blood is the ___________ system.

64. Another word for high blood pressure is ____________________.

65. If your heart is beating too slowly you are said to have ____________________.

66. If your heart is beating too fast you are said to have ______________.

67. The type of Leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergies and infections of parasitic worms are ________________.

68. Platelets are fragments of _____________.

69. The normal pH of the __________ is about 7.4.

70. _______________ results when the blood coagulates.

71. _______________ is the respiratory pigment in RBCs that binds oxygen

72. ______________ is the liquid portion of the blood.

73. The veins that directly empty the capillary beds are called ________________.

74. Blood normally clots in _________ min

75. The carotid artery is located in the ____________

76. The erythrocyte count _______________ when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes.

77. Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of _________________.

78. Oxygenated blood is received by the ______________.

79. The myocardium receives its blood supply directly from ______________ arteries.

80. 170/96 blood pressure readings would be indicative of _______________.

81. ________________ carry blood away to the heart.

82. Epinephrine and increased Carbon dioxide would lead to a ___________ in heart rate.

83. Making more red blood cells is called _________________.

84. ________________ means deficiency of blood.

85. ________________ is pain in the arm or chest because of lack of blood flow.

86. ____________ results when there is any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood.

87. The ________ ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to pump blood against greater resistance.

88. Entrapping small particles, moistening and warming air are function of the mucus-covered _______ passages.

89. The _____________ prevents aspiration of the food into the lower respiratory passages

90. The bulk of ___________ is carried as the ion HCO3 in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells.

91. Labored breathing is termed ______________.

92. Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because carbon monoxide competes with_____________ for binding sites

93. Cutting the _____________ nerves will result in paralysis of the diaphragm.

94. Following the removal of his __________, an individual would be unable to speak.

95. The detergentlike molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths because it reduces the surface tension of the water film in the alveoli is called _____________.

96. 4800 ml would be considered a good ______________.

97. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________________.

98. Most oxygen carried in the blood is chemically combined with heme in _____________ cells.

99. _____________ has the greatest stimulating effect on the respiratory centers of the brain.

100. Damage to the ___________would result in cessation of breathing.

101. Respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing is the:____________ volume.

102. _______________ is the gas volume that allows gas exchange to go on continuously.

103. ___________ prevents most inhaled dust particles from reaching the lungs.

104. _________ is normal breathing.

105. The ________________ stores and concentrates bile.

106. The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach is the _________ sphincter

107. Chemical digestion of protein is initiated in the ______________.

108. The main chemical activity of the mouth is to begin the digestion of ________.

109. The site production of insulin is ______________.

110. ___________ are acted on by amylase, maltose, and sucrase.

111. The vitamin associated with eye sight is _____.

112. The vitamin associated with calcium absorption is ________.

113. The products of alcohol digestion enter the bloodstream largely through cells lining __________.

114. You have eaten a high complex carbohydrate meal. What enzyme will help you digest the meal?

115. As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice, it is converted into semifluid consistency called:

116. _________________ causes severe epigastric pain; associated with prolonged storage of bile in the gallbladder.

117. Of the simple sugars ___________ is most important because it is the sugar referred to as blood sugar.

118. The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available body fuel is _________.

119. The main chemical activity of the stomach is to start digestion of ___________.

120. The RDA for ____________ is 0.8g/ kg body weight.

121. The acidic contents of the small intestine are buffered by HCO3 in ___________ juice.

122. _______________- is important in building myelin sheaths and cell membranes.

123. _____________ is used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes.

124. Most examples of these nutrients which are found largely in vegetables and fruits and used as coenzymes, these nutrients are ___________.

125. Those structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and thus aid in the absorption of food are called ____________.

126. ________________ is the structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall.

127. _________ is the class of food significantly delays stomach emptying.

128. ______________ are the folds in the stomach mucosa

129. _________________ usually indicates liver problems or blockage of the biliary ducts

130. The kidney’s process about 180 l of blood-derived fluids daily but only about 1 to 1.5 l actually _________ the body as urine.

131. The regulation of body ________ concentration is considered a function of the kidneys.

132. Body water content is greatest in ____________. Least in ____________.

133. Water balance is regulated primarily by control of the amounts excreted in _________.

134. The single most important electrolyte involved in determining fluid shifts and distribution of body water is ____________.

135. ____________ is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine.

136. The three major _____________ wastes found in the blood which must be disposed of are urea, uric acid, and albumin.

137. Chronic renal failure would __________ specific gravity

138. Extreme fluid intake would __________ specific gravity

139. The presence of ketones in the urine is called _____________ and is caused by bleeding in the urinary tract.

140. The presence of albumin in the urine may indicate that the person is _________.

141. ______________ is a condition in which voiding cannot be voluntarily controlled.

142. Vegetarian rich diet will cause urine to become more ______________

143. Diabetes mellitus will cause urine to become more ______________.

144. ______________ is a condition in which excessive amount of urine are produced because of a deficiency of ADH.

145. The ___________ is the sperm maturation site.

146. A ___________ is a way of sterilizing males by cutting the vas defers.

147. ___________ is a test designed to detect cancerous changes in the cervix.

148. _____________ is the mouth of the uterus.

149. The _________ is where the egg is produced.

150. Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it __________ the secretion of ADH.

151. The __________ is where egg fertilization occurs.

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