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Unit 4 OutlineChapter 20- TOBACCOVocabulary: Addictive Drug- Substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Nicotine- Addictive drug found in tobacco leavesStimulant- Drug that increases the action of the central nervous systemCarcinogen- Cancer-causing substance Tar- Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns.Carbon Monoxide- Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas (another compound found in cigarette smoke)Smokeless Tobacco- Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed. (“Spit”)Leukoplakia- Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots inside the mouth that can develop oral cancer.Lesson 1All forms of tobacco contain chemicals that are dangerous to your health.Advertisements for tobacco products usually feature young and healthy peopleThis is to send a message that using tobacco products has NO health risks.Is this true? NOAll tobacco products display warning labels stating that using tobacco products can be harmful to an individual’s health.Medical studies have shown that tobacco use is the leading cause of PREVENTABLE death and disability in the United States.This use has been linked to Lung Disease, Cancers & Heart Disease.This includes:SmokingChewingPipeCigarAbout 90% of adult smokers began the habit as a teenager.Most teens do not have understanding of the addiction and believe they can quit at any time.Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco productsRaises BP and increases HRPoisonous substances in tobacco productsTar— Nicotine-- Carbon MonoxideTar damages a smoker’s respiratory system by paralyzing and destroying cilia (the tiny hair-like structures that line the upper airways and protect the body against infection). This is why smokers are more likely to develop diseases like bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, heart disease and cancer.87% of cancer deaths result from smoking. Carbon monoxide is absorbed easier than oxygen and deprives the body’s tissues and cells of oxygen. This increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, hardening of the arteries and other circulatory problems.Pipes, Cigars, and smokeless tobaccoCigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes1 cigar = 20 cigarettes (one full pack)Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx(voice box), lungs, and esophagus.Smokeless tobacco are NOT a safe alternative to smokingThe nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth or the digestive tract.The harmful chemicals are absorbed into the body at levels up to 3x the amount of a one cigarette.Exposer is often 3x longer.Tobacco use causes both short-term and long-term damage to your bodyShort-term:Brain chemistry changesRespiration and heart rate increasesTaste buds are dulled and appetite is reducedUsers have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes.Long-termChronic Bronchitis- the cilia in the bronchi become so damaged that they are useless. This leads to chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion.Lung Cancer- can develop when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, and extra mucus cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. 90% of Lung Cancer deaths are from smoking.Emphysema- a disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. Someone with advanced emphysema uses 80% of their energy just to breathe! Coronary Heart Disease & Stroke- Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down on blood flow to the body’s limbs. Nicotine also contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels which can lead to hardened arteries, called arteriosclerosis. Arteries become clogged, increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke.A Weakened Immune System- long-term tobacco use makes the body more vulnerable to disease.Other Consequences of Tobacco UseCosts to society- Tobacco related illnesses cost the US about $165 BILLION each YEAR!!!!!!!Productivity suffers when smokers call in sick due to tobacco-related illnesses.Costs to Individuals- A person smoking one pack of cigarettes a day will spend about $1500 a year on cigarettesLegal Consequences- Selling tobacco products to individuals under the age of 18 is illegal.Lesson 2Teens and Tobacco Teens are learning more and more about the harmful effects of tobacco, but it unfortunately does not stop everyone.Why some teens use tobacco:FALSELY believe it will help cope with weight or stressSeem mature or independent Truth?Smoking reduces the body’s capacity for physical activity.According to the CDCNearly 18 of every 100 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (17.8%) currently smoke cigarettes. This means an estimated 42.1 million adults in the United States currently smoke cigarettes.1Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, accounting for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or 1 of every 5 deaths.2More than 16 million Americans live with a smoking-related disease.2Current smoking has declined from nearly 21 of every 100 adults (20.9%) in 2005 to nearly 18 of every 100 adults (17.8%) in 2013.1 No Smoking Policies:Legislation has limited smoking in public places and businessesFamily ValuesTeens whose parents avoid tobacco use are more likely to avoid tobacco themselvesPOSITIVE Peer PressureTeens who do NOT smoke act as HEALTHY role models for other teensHealth RisksMore teens understand that tobacco use can lead to diseases, such as health disease, cancer, and respiratory problems.Benefits of living tobacco-freeBetter Cardiovascular endurance and lung functionImprove fitness level and athletic performanceReduce the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and strokeSense of freedomLess StressMore confidence in social situationsStrategies for avoiding tobacco Surround yourself with POSITIVE influencesReduce Peer PressureBe Prepared with refusal skillsGood reasons to why teens quitThey begin to have health problems such as asthma, coughing, or respiratory infectionsThey realize the high costThey understand the damaging effects of secondhand smoke and do not want to harm othersThey realize that using tobacco CAN lead to other risky behaviors such as alcohol and other drugs!!They feel more powerful because they are not controlled by an addiction to nicotineEnding the addiction cycleNicotine withdrawal: the process that occurs in the body when nicotine is no longer used.Nicotine substitutes: products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the user’s system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.ETS/Secondhand SmokeSecondhand Smoke/Environmental Tobacco Smoke- air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke.This smoke is make up from smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker(mainstream smoke) as well as smoke from the burning end of the smoked product.(sidestream smoke)Because mainstream smoke has been exhaled by a smoker, it contains lower concentrations of carcinogens, nicotine, and tar.Therefore, Sidestream smoke is MORE Dangerous than mainstream smoke.**ETS from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds.***** More than 50 of them are CANCER-CAUSING carcinogens!!!!!***Infants and young children who are exposed to ETS are more likely to develop asthma than their peers who are not exposed to ETS.ETS IS A SERIOUS HEALTH RISK!!!!!!!!!Health risks to unborn children and infantsSmoking while pregnant can seriously harm the developing fetus!Nicotine passes through the placenta, constricting the blood vessels of the fetus. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the blood of the mother and the fetus.This increases the risk of impaired fetal growth, miscarriage, prenatal death, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities and stillbirths.Babies of smoking mothers are more likely to die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)Infants exposed to Second-hand smoke after birth are twice as likely to die of SIDS.They may have severe asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections.Health risks to young children Young children are especially at risk to Secondhand smoke.Children of smokers tend to have a higher incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and upper respiratory problems.Secondhand smoke can slow lung development. They will have weaker lungs than children of non-smokers.Children of smokers are more than twice as likely to smoke themselves.CHAPTER 21- ALCOHOLEthanol: The type of alcohol in alcoholic beveragesPowerful addicting drugAlcohol is a depressant, a drug that slows the central nervous system. Using Alcohol:Slows reaction timeImpairs visionDiminishes judgmentIntoxication: The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.*Alcohol stays in system until the liver can metabolize it or break it down.Acts as a depressant on body organsInvoluntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents choking may be impaired.Factors that influence alcohol’s effectsBody Size. Smaller people feel the effect of the same amount of alcohol faster than a larger person does.Gender. Alcohol moves into the bloodstream faster in females than males because females tend to have smaller bodies.Food. Food in the stomach slows down alcohol into the bloodstream.Rate of Intake. The faster the intake the faster the person becomes intoxicated.Amount. As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises.Medicine. Alcohol can interfere with the effects of medicines and some medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol.Alcohol and drug interactions:Alcohol can change the effect of medicines which can lead to death.Long-Term Effects of AlcoholAlcohol use can have a long-term effect on a user’s physical, mental/emotional and social health! Excessive use over a long period of time can damage many body systems such as:Damage to brain cellsIncreased blood pressureBuildup of fat calls in the liver. Can cause fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, or cirrhosis.Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers Destruction of the pancreasBinge DrinkingDrinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting***Consuming a large amount of alcohol over a short period of time can be FATAL***Rapid binge drinking is sometimes done on a bet or a dare\Can lead to Alcohol Poisoning!A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose.The symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning include:Mental confusion and stuporComa and inability to be rousedVomiting and seizuresSlow breathingIrregular heartbeatHypothermia or low body temperature- pale or bluish skin colorIf you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning, CALL 911 immediately!!!Teen’s choices to use alcohol is influenced by:Peer Pressure. When alcohol use is not an accepted activity in a group, one will be less likely to drink. If it is accepted, it is more likely.Family. When a teen’s parents discourage and avoid the use of alcohol, the teen is likely to do the same.Media Messages. Media messages may make alcohol seem glamorous and paring Beer, Wine, and SpiritsDrink:Alcohol x VolumeAlcohol ContentBeer4%.5ounceWine10%.5ounceVodka etc.40%.5ounceChoosing to live alcohol-freeOne consequence of alcohol use is Psychological dependence*A condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.Physiological Dependence- A condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug.Alcohol and ViolenceFights are more likely to break out at parties where alcohol is usedTeens who drink are also more likely to be victims or perpetrators of violent crimes, such as rape, aggravated assault, and robbery.Estimated that alcohol use is a factor in 1/3- 2/3 of sexual assaults or date-rape cases.Alcohol and Sexual ActivityAlcohol impairs judgement and lowers inhibitionsCause a person to compromise his or her valuesTeens who use alcohol are more likely to become sexually active at an earlier age and engage in unprotected sexual activity.About 25% of sexually active teens use alcohol and drugs before engaging in sexual activity.Teens who drink often are twice as likely to contract an STD as teens who do not drinkAlcohol and the FamilyEstimated 25% of all youth are exposed to alcohol abuse within their familiesExcessive use of alcoholCauses high risk of:Neglect, abuse, or social isolationEconomic hardshipPersonal use of alcohol themselvesMental illness or physical problemsPerson who begins drinking as a teen is 4times more likely to develop alcohol dependence (alcoholism) than those who wait.A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol.Benefits of Living Alcohol FreeMaintaining a healthy bodyEstablishing healthy relationshipsMaking healthy decisionsAvoiding risky behaviorsAvoiding illegal activitiesAvoiding violenceAchieving your goalsREFUSING ALCOHOLRefusal StatementsI don’t like the tasteNo thanks. I need to be in top shape for the game this weekI don’t drink alcohol-- besides, I am heading home.I really can’t, my parents would be angry. We have an agreement.”I don’t want to risk getting kicked off the team.Activities:Plan alcohol free activities with friendsAvoid parties or social gatherings where alcohol is servedPractice refusal skills Alcohol and Driving1/5 of teen drivers involved in fatal car accidents have a BAC (blood alcohol content) of 0.01%Driving while intoxicated:Driving while intoxicated (DWI)Driving under the influence (DUI)Both IllegalAdult drivers who have a BAC of .08 can be charged with drunk driving.Consequences include:Injuries to or death of the driver and othersArrest, jail time, court appearance and fine or bail, a police record, and possible lawsuitsSeverely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of DLHigher auto insurance rates or a canceled insurance policy.Ways to avoid riding in a car or engaging in other risky behaviors with someone who is under the influence of alcohol and other drugs.Just say NO…..it is possible if you MAKE it possible.Ask for another ride homeThink about consequences and who is involved. (you, friends, family…)DRINKING WHILE PREGNANT HAS CONSEQUENCES!!!!Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems. This happens by drinking during pregnancy.Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feetHeart, liver and kidney defectsVision and hearing problemsCentral nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, and poor coordinationDifficulties learning and attention spanHyperactivity, anxiety and social withdrawalFAS is one of the leading preventable causes of mental retardation.Females who are trying to become pregnant or MAY be pregnant should not drink any alcohol.CHAPTER 22- ILLEGAL DRUGSSubstance Abuse- any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes.This includes both illegal drugs AND prescription drugs used by those they were not intended for.General Effects of Drug Use:Physical Health. A serious risk is overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug. Also there is an increased risk of HIV & Hepatitis B with injectable drugs.Mental Health. Drug use may impair a teen’s ability to reason and think. This will lead to changes in the brain, which will have the person act against their values. ................
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