The Central Dogma

TheCentralDogma

RNAPolymerase

m TheRibosome

?Note:Wewilllook mainlyatprokaryo=c (e.g.e.coli)processes.

?Someofthisisthe sameineukaryotes,but thereareimportant differences.

ImportantMolecules

DNA=Deoxyribonucleicacid AsequenceofA,T,CandG(deoxyribonucleo=des)

RNA=RibonucleicAcid(mRNA,tRNA,...) AsequenceofA,U,CandG(ribonucleo=des)

RNAPolymerase(RNAP) Transcribes(copies)DNAsegmentsintoRNA

AminoAcidsandTransferRNA(tRNA) Helpbuildproteins

TheRibosome TranslatesmessengerRNA(mRNA)intoprotein

Protein Asequenceofaminoacids

DNA(Nota=ons)

YouhavetosaywhichwaytheDNAgoes,usuallyfrom5'to3'.

AsinglestrandedDNA:

5'-ATCCTGTAATGC-3'

AdoublestrandedDNA: 5'-ATCCTGTAATGC-3' |||||||||||| 3'-TAGGACATTACG-5'

Some=mes,wewritedsDNAbywri=ngonlyonestrand,sincetheotheris implied,asingenebankdata.

10basepairsperturn:3.4nm

2nm

Thedoublehelix

Minorgroove Majorgroove

Nucleo=des

5'end 3'end

MoreDNA

DNAisstoredunderpressureinvirus capsids.This160,000bppieceofDNA explodedfromwithinaT4 bacteriophage. E.Coligenome=4.6Mbp(onemolecule!)

ImportantMolecules

DNA=Deoxyribonucleicacid AsequenceofA,T,CandG(deoxyribonucleo=des)

RNA=RibonucleicAcid(mRNA,tRNA,...) AsequenceofA,U,CandG(ribonucleo=des)

RNAPolymerase(RNAP) Transcribes(copies)DNAsegmentsintoRNA

AminoAcidsandTransferRNA(tRNA) Helpbuildproteins

TheRibosome TranslatesmessengerRNA(mRNA)intoprotein

Protein Asequenceofaminoacids

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