Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.): A Concise Guide

Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.): A Concise Guide

Prepared by Kevin D. Reyes Last updated 04/30/2016

"Notes and Bibliography," chap. 14 in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010), also available at 16/ch14/ch14_toc.html.

Information on Cities and Publishers

City of Publication If the city of publication may be unknown to readers or may be confused with another city of the same name, the abbreviation of the state, province, or (sometimes) country is usually added. Washington is traditionally followed by DC, but other major cities, such as Los Angeles and Baltimore, need no state abbreviation. (For countries not easily abbreviated, spell out the name.) Chicago's preference is for the two-letter postal codes (IL, MA, etc.). When the publisher's name includes the state name, the abbreviation is not needed.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press but Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press Berkeley: University of California Press

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Abbreviations and omissible parts of a publisher's name In notes and bibliography, an initial "The" is omitted from a publisher's name, as are such abbreviations as Inc., Ltd., or S.A. following a name. Co., & Co., Publishing Co., and the like are also omitted. Such corporate features of a publisher's name--often subject to many changes over the years--are far less important in leading a reader to the source consulted than the publication date, and attempting to include them will invariably lead to inconsistencies. A given name or initials preceding a family name, however, may be retained, as may terms such as Sons, Brothers, and so forth. "Books" is usually retained (Basic Books, Riverhead Books).

Houghton Mifflin not Houghton Mifflin Co. Little, Brown not Little, Brown & Co. Macmillan not Macmillan Publishing Co.

Note that there is no comma in Houghton Mifflin, but there is one in Little, Brown. Likewise, Harcourt, Brace has a comma, but Harcourt Brace Jovanovich does not.

"And" or ampersand in publisher's name Either "and" or "&" may be used in a publisher's name, regardless of how it is rendered on the title page. It is advisable to stick to one or the other throughout a bibliography. Unless an ampersand is used in a foreign publisher's name, the foreign word for and must be used.

Duncker und Humblot or Duncker & Humblot Harper and Row or Harper & Row

Foreign publishers' names No part of a foreign publisher's name should be translated, even though the city has been given in its English form.

Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Econ?mica, 1981 Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1983 Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982

Note that abbreviations corresponding to Inc. or Ltd. (German GmbH, for example) are omitted.

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Books, Reports, Chapters

One author 1. Michael E. Latham, The Right Kind of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to the Present (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010).

Latham, Michael E. The Right Kind of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to the Present. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.

Pamphlets, reports, and the like Pamphlets, corporate reports, brochures, and other freestanding publications are treated essentially as books. Data on author and publisher may not fit the normal pattern, but sufficient information should be given to identify the document.

1. Kim Thuy Seelinger and Julie Freccero, The Long Road: Accountability for Sexual Violence in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings (Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, School of Law, August 2015).

Seelinger, Kim Thuy, and Julie Freccero. The Long Road: Accountability for Sexual Violence in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings. Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, August 2015.

Organization as author If a publication issued by an organization, association, or corporation carries no personal author's name on the title page, the organization is listed as author in a bibliography, even if it is also given as publisher.

1. Human Rights Center, Annual Report 2014 (Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, October 2014).

2. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010).

Human Rights Center. Annual Report 2014. Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, October 2014.

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University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Editor or translator in addition to author The edited, compiled, or translated work of one author is normally listed with the author's name appearing first and the name(s) of the editor(s), compiler(s), or translator(s) appearing after the title, preceded by edited by or ed., compiled by or comp., or translated by or trans. Note that the plural forms eds. and comps. are never used in this position. Note also that edited by and the like are usually spelled out in bibliographies but abbreviated in notes. If a translator as well as an editor is listed, the names should appear in the same order as on the title page of the original. When the title page carries such phrases as "Edited with an Introduction and Notes by" or "Translated with a Foreword by," the bibliographic or note reference can usually be simplified to "Edited by" or "Translated by."

1. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976.)

2. Niccol? Machiavelli, The Prince, trans. George Bull, Penguin Classics (London: Penguin Books, 1999).

Machiavelli, Niccol?. The Prince. Translated by George Bull. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books, 1999.

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited by Edwin Cannan. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

Editor or translator in place of author When no author appears on the title page, a work is listed by the name(s) of the editor(s), compiler(s), or translator(s). In full note citations and in bibliographies, the abbreviation ed. or eds., comp. or comps., or trans. follows the name, preceded by a comma. In shortened note citations and text citations, the abbreviation is omitted

1. Andrew George, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh, Penguin Classics (London: Penguin Books, 2003).

George, Andrew, trans. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books, 2003.

Two subtitles

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If, as occasionally happens, there are two subtitles in the original (an awkward contingency), a colon normally precedes the first and a semicolon the second. The second subtitle also begins with a capital.

1. Kim Thuy Seelinger and Julie Freccero, Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence; Comparative Report (Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, May 2013).

Seelinger, Kim Thuy, and Julie Freccero. Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and GenderBased Violence; Comparative Report. Berkeley: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, May 2013.

Two or more authors (or editors) Two or three authors (or editors) of the same work are listed in the order used on the title page. In a bibliography, only the first author's name is inverted, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author's given name or initials. Use the conjunction and (not an ampersand).

1. Eric Stover, Victor Peskin, and Alexa Koenig, Hiding in Plain Sight: The Pursuit of War Criminals from Nuremberg to the War on Terror (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016).

2. Eric Stover and Harvey M. Weinstein, eds., My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Stover, Eric, Victor Peskin, and Alexa Koenig. Hiding in Plain Sight: The Pursuit of War Criminals from Nuremberg to the War on Terror. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016.

Stover, Eric, and Harvey M. Weinstein, eds. My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

For works by or edited by four to ten persons, all names are usually given in the bibliography. Word order and punctuation are the same as for two or three authors. In a note, only the name of the first author is included, followed by et al. with no intervening comma.

Series Including a series title in a citation often helps readers decide whether to pursue a reference. But if books belonging to a series can be located without the series title, it may be omitted to save space (especially in a footnote). If the series title is included, it is capitalized headline-style, but it is neither italicized nor put in quotation marks or parentheses.

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