Chicago Manual of Style Online - Hugo Ribeiro

The Chicago Manual of Style Online

Citation Quick Guide

Online

February 20, 2020 Compiled and edited by hugoleo75@ from



Contents

14 Notes and Bibliography

13

14.1 The purpose of source citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

14.2 Chicago's two systems of source citation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

14.3 Other systems of source citation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

14.4 Flexibility and consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

14.5 Citation management tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

14.6 Electronic resource identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

14.7 Uniform resource locators (URLs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

14.8 Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

14.9 Permalinks and the like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

14.10 Short forms for URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

14.11 Library and other bibliographic databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

14.12 Access dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

14.13 "Last modified" and other revision dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

14.14 Authority and permanence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

14.15 Preserving a permanent record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

14.16 Publications available in more than one medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

14.17 URLs and other such elements in relation to surrounding text . . . . . . . 20

14.18 URLs and line breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

14.19 Notes and bibliography?an overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

14.20 Basic structure of a note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

14.21 Basic structure of a bibliography entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

14.22 Page numbers and other locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

14.23 Notes and bibliography?examples and variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

14.24 Numbers in text versus numbers in notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

14.25 Sequencing of note numbers and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

14.26 Placement of note number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

14.27 Note numbers with chapter and article titles and subheads . . . . . . . . . 27

14.28 Multiple citations and multiple note references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

14.29 When to use shortened citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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14.30 Basic structure of the short form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 14.31 Cross-reference to full citation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 14.32 Short form for authors' names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 14.33 Short form for titles of works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 14.34 Shortened citations versus "ibid" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 14.35 "Idem" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 14.36 "Op. cit." and "loc. cit." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 14.37 Citations plus commentary in a note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 14.38 Quotation within a note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 14.39 Substantive notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 14.40 Paragraphing within long notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 14.41 Footnotes that break across pages in a printed work . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 14.42 "See" and "cf." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 14.43 Footnotes and endnotes?an overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 14.44 Footnotes?pros and cons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14.45 Endnotes?pros and cons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14.46 Endnote placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14.47 Running heads for endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 14.48 Special considerations for endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 14.49 Endnotes plus footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 14.50 Footnotes plus author-date citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 14.51 Editor's or translator's notes plus author's notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 14.52 Unnumbered notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 14.53 Notes keyed to text by line or page numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 14.54 Source notes for previously published material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 14.55 Biographical notes and acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 14.56 Avoiding overlong notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 14.57 Several citations in one note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 14.58 Citing sources in the text rather than in the notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 14.59 Abbreviations for frequently cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 14.60 List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 14.61 Relationship of bibliographies to notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 14.62 Format and placement of bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 14.63 Dividing a bibliography into sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 14.64 Kinds of bibliographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 14.65 Alphabetical order for bibliography entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 14.66 Arrangement of bibliography entries with more than one author . . . . . . 54 14.67 The 3-em dash in bibliographies?some caveats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 14.68 The 3-em dash for one repeated name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 14.69 The 3-em dash for more than one repeated name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

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14.70 The 3-em dash for an institutional name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 14.71 Alphabetical order for titles by the same author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 14.72 Author's name?overview and related discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 14.73 Form of author's name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 14.74 Authors preferring initials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 14.75 One author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 14.76 Two or more authors (or editors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 14.77 Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name . . . . . . . . . 59 14.78 Author's name in title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 14.79 No listed author (anonymous works) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 14.80 Pseudonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 14.81 Cross-references for pseudonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 14.82 Alternative real names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 14.83 Authors known by a given name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 14.84 Organization as author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 14.85 Additional discussion of titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 14.86 Italics versus quotation marks for titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . 64 14.87 Capitalization of titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 14.88 Some permissible changes to titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 14.89 Subtitles in cited works and the use of the colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 14.90 Two subtitles in a cited work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 14.91 Use of "or" with double titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 14.92 "And other stories" and such . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 14.93 Dates in titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 14.94 Quoted titles and other terms within cited titles of works . . . . . . . . . 67 14.95 Italicized titles and other terms within cited titles of works . . . . . . . . 68 14.96 Question marks or exclamation points in titles of cited works . . . . . . . 69 14.97 Older titles and very long titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 14.98 Non-English titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 14.99 Translated titles of cited works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 14.100 Elements to include when citing a book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 14.101 Form of author's name and title of book in source citations . . . . . . . . 73 14.102 Non-English bibliographic terms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 14.103 Editor in place of author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 14.104 Editor or translator in addition to author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 14.105 Other contributors listed on the title page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 14.106 Chapter in a single-author book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 14.107 Contribution to a multiauthor book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 14.108 Several contributions to the same multiauthor book . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 14.109 Book-length work within a book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

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