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SPANISH 3 UNIT 1: EL FUTUROIR + A + INFINITIVOThis structure translates to “going to,” or “gonna,” in English. It means that we are referring informally to what will happen in the future.To form expressions with ir + a + infinitivo:Conjugate the verb ir.Add a.Write the infinitive.The present-tense conjugations of ir are as follows.ir = to govoyvamosvasvaisvavanPráctica:Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.You are going to study.Vas a estudiar.We are going to go to college.Vamos a ir a la universidad.I am going to graduate.Voy a graduarme.They are going to write you a letter of recommendation.Van a escribirte una carta de recomendación.She is going to read a lot of books.Va a leer muchos libros.TENER + QUE + INFINITIVOThis structure translates to “have to” in English. It means that we are referring to a need or obligation.To form expressions with tener + que + infinitivo:Conjugate the verb tener.Add que.Write the infinitive.The present-tense conjugations of tener are as follows.tener = to havetengotenemostienestenéistienetienenPráctica:Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.You have to study.Tienes que estudiar.We have to go to college.Tenemos que ir a la universidad.I have to graduate.Me tengo que graduar.They have to write you a letter of recommendation.Tienen que escribirte una carta de recomendación.She has to read a lot of books.Tiene que leer muchos libros.LOS MANDATOSIn English, “mandatos” means commands. These are used to tell someone to do or not to do something.There are four fundamental types of commands in Spanish. In each empty box, write how you would conjugate each of the following commands in Spanish. Negative informal commands are done for you.AfirmativeNegativeFormal (usted, ustedes)Present subjunctivePresent subjunctiveInformal (tú)?l/ella/usted formPresent subjunctivePresent subjunctiveThe present subjunctive is a grammatical mood in Spanish that is used to express will or uncertainty. All formal commands and all negative commands in Spanish use the present subjunctive.To form the present subjunctive:Conjugate the verb in its yo form.Add the opposite ending.Endings for –ar verbs in present subjunctive:eemoseséiseenEndings for –er and –ir verbs in present subjunctive:aamosasáisaanVerbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spelling change in order to keep the pronunciation consistent.buscar = to look forbusquebusquemosbusquesbusquéisbusquebusquenc qupagar = to paypaguepaguemospaguespaguéispaguepagueng gucruzar = to crosscrucecrucemoscrucescrucéiscrucecrucenz cAffirmative tú commandsThese are the only commands in which you do not use the present subjunctive. In affirmative tú commands, you take the él/ella/usted form of the verb. There are a few verbs with irregular tú commands.decir diir vesalir saltener tenhacer hazponer ponser sévenir venPráctica:Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.11. Tell the truth (tú).Di la verdad.12. Tell the truth (usted).Diga la verdad.13. Tell the truth (ustedes).Digan la verdad.14. Don’t tell the truth (tú).No digas la verdad.15. Don’t tell the truth (usted).No diga la verdad.16. Don’t tell the truth (ustedes).No digan la verdad.17. Speak Spanish (tú)!?Habla espa?ol!18. Speak Spanish (usted)!?Hable espa?ol!19. Speak Spanish (ustedes)!?Hablen espa?ol!20. Don’t speak Spanish (tú)!?No hables espa?ol!21. Don’t speak Spanish (usted)!?No hable espa?ol!22. Don’t speak Spanish (ustedes)!?No hablen espa?ol!EL FUTUROThe future tense tells us what will happen. All verbs have the same endings in future tense. Future tense endings:éemosáséisáánSome verbs have irregular stems in the future tense. However, their endings are the same.haber habrpoder podrquerer querrsaber sabrponer pondrsalir saldrtener tendrvenir vendrdecir dirhacer harPráctica:Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.23. I will go to Indiana University.Iré a la Universidad de Indiana.24. He will apply for the Hudson & Holland Scholarship.Solicitaré la beca de Hudson & Holland.25. You will be able to succeed.Podrás tener éxito.26. We will do our homework every day.Haremos nuestra tarea todos los días.27. They will graduate college in 2021.Se graduarán de la universidad en 2021. ................
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